National Anthem of Peru
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English: National Anthem of Peru | |
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U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (chorus and one verse) |
The "Himno Nacional del Perú"
History
Public contest of 1821
After Peru declared its independence, the general José de San Martín began a public contest to select the National March, which was published on 7 August 1821 in the ministerial gazette. The contest called upon professors of poetry, composers and general aficionados, to send their signed productions to the Ministry of the State before 18 September, the day in which a designated commission would decide which of them would be adopted as the "National March".
Seven compositions were entered, and on a prefixed day, they were reviewed and played in the following order:
- The band musician major from the "Numancia" Battalion
- That of master José Bernardo Alcedo
- That of master Guapaya
- That of master Tena
- That of master
- That of Father Aguilar, master of the Augustine Chapel
- Another entry of master José Bernardo Alcedo, at the behest of a brother of the Convent of Saint Domingo
After hearing the last production of José Bernardo Alcedo, General José de San Martín stood up and exclaimed, "Without a doubt, this is the National Anthem of Peru." The following day, a signed decree confirmed this opinion expressed in the midst of great enthusiasm and jubilation. The anthem was first performed publicly in the night of 23 September 1821 in the Theater of
Arrangements and modifications
Diverse publications of the anthem had subtle modifications in the lyrics and the music, which was then restored by Claudio Rebagliati in 1869 at the behest of Alcedo. In 1874 there was a solicitation which asked for a revision to the lyrics of the anthem, in light of the various versions in circulation, as well as the minor mistakes which were found. This initiative was approved, but did not prosper, due to the rejection that it generated in the public opinion at its core and the recognition that it had already become a time honored tradition.
In 1901 there was another intent to reform the anthem, this time approved by the administration of Eduardo López de Romaña, who approved of the music of the restored anthem by Rebagliati. He declared a new contest to select new lyrics as he considered the original lyrics as aggressive towards Spain, which at the time had amiable relations with Peru. The winner of the contest was the poet José Santos Chocano, whose verses along with the same chorus went on to be sung in public schools and in public venues. The lyrics also had references to the great South American liberator hero Simón Bolívar as well as José de San Martín, the nation's founder, in the first verse.
It was not long until public opinion once again asked for the original lyrics to be restored. Public pressure was so great that the
In 1954, at the behest of Raúl Porras Barrenechea, Chabuca Granda composed a new replacement for the first verse in the anthem, but this was never implemented:
Spanish original | English translation |
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I |
I |
The last attempts to change the anthem were first during the administration of General
Officialization of the sung verse
The Constitutional Tribunal determined in June 2005 that the first stanza in the anthem (Largo tiempo...) was not written by José de la Torre Ugarte and that was just a popular
Starting September 2009, Verse 7 of the National Anthem, as sanctioned by the Peruvian Government, has become the official sung verse of the anthem instead of and replacing the first, with the verse starting to be included in schools from 2010 onward. The Peruvian Armed Forces and National Police of Peru also adopted the new official verse, with a new music video of the anthem made for this purpose at the same month as the adoption of the now official seventh verse of the national anthem.
The "stand at attention" posture is done when it is played for civilians while military, police and fire personnel must render hand salutes when out of formation. Some people do the "hand on heart" posture, following US practice. In ceremonies and concerts, the following shout is done when the anthem's performance is over:
- Leader: ¡Viva el Perú!/Kawsachun Piruw!/Ayaya Piruw!/Kimoshiretantsi Peru! (Long live Peru!)
- All: ¡Viva!/Kawsachun!/Ayaya!/Kimoshiretantsi! (Long live!)
The chant Long Live Peru! is also done in sporting events, concerts, anniversaries and other occasions after the playing of the national anthem.
Lyrics
Official lyrics
The official lyrics since 2009 consist of the chorus and seventh (originally sixth) verse of the full lyrics.
Spanish original[2][3] | English translation |
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Coro: |
Chorus: |
Full lyrics
Spanish original[2][3] | English translation |
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Coro: |
Chorus: Inca and Lord , 𝄇from its Inca and Lord... Chorus V Countrymen, may we see it a slave no more. If for three centuries it moaned, humiliated, forever may we swear it'd be free, maintaining, maintaining, maintaining its own splendor. Our arms, until today unarmed, be they always readying the cannon, that some day the beaches of Iberia will feel, will feel, 𝄆 will feel the horror of its roar, 𝄇 the horror of its roar... Chorus VI (former fifth verse) May we arouse the jealousy of Spain since it has a premonition, with want and furor, that in a contest of great nations our Fatherland, our Fatherland, our Fatherland will enter in comparison. On the list formed by these we shall fill the line first, ahead of the ambitious Iberian tyrant, who devastated, who devastated, 𝄆 who devastated all of America, 𝄇 devastated all of America... Chorus VI (former sixth and present official sung verse) On its summits may the Andes sustain the two-color flag or standard, may it announce to the centuries the effort that being free, that being free, that being free gave us forever. Under its shadow may we live calmly and, at birth of the sun in its summits, may we all renew the great oath that we rendered, that we rendered, 𝄆 that we rendered to the God of Jacob, 𝄇 the God of Jacob... Chorus |
Notes
References
- ^ La República(in Spanish). 6 September 2005. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Himno Nacional del Perú". Municipalidad Distrital de Acora. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ^ a b Peru (1912). Anuario de la legislacion peruana (in Spanish). Taller de linotipia. p. 123.
- ^ a b "Controversia por el himno peruano". BBC News. 2 March 2002. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Himno Nacional". Congreso de la República. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- ^ Bernardo Alzedo, José (1869). Filosofia elemental de la música: ó, Sea la exegesis of las doctrinas conducentes á su mejor inteligencia ... (in Spanish). Imprenta liberal. p. 6.
- ^ HERRERA, Hipólito (1862). El Album de Ayacucho. Coleccion de los principales documentos de la guerra de la Independencia del Perú, y de los cantos de victoria y poesías relativos á ella, etc (in Spanish). p. 283.
External links
- Himno Nacional del Perú instrumental interpretado por el pianista Ward De Vleeschhouwer
- Peru: Himno Nacional del Peru – Audio of the national anthem of Peru, with information and lyrics (archive link)
- HXD – Peruvian Defence Ministry