National Assembly of Quebec
National Assembly of Quebec Assemblée nationale du Québec | |
|---|---|
Unicameral house of the Quebec Legislature | |
| History | |
| Founded | December 31, 1968 |
| Preceded by | Legislative Assembly of Quebec |
| Leadership | |
Nathalie Roy since November 29, 2022 | |
Opposition House Leader | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 125 members of Assembly |
 | |
Political groups | Government of Quebec
Parties without official status
|
| Elections | |
| First-past-the-post | |
Last election | October 3, 2022 |
Next election | On or before October 5, 2026 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Parliament Building, Quebec City, Quebec | |
| Website | |
| assnat | |
The National Assembly of Quebec (officially in French: Assemblée nationale du Québec)
The National Assembly was formerly the lower house of Quebec's legislature and was then called the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. In 1968, the upper house, the Legislative Council, was abolished and the remaining house was renamed. The office of President of the National Assembly is equivalent to speaker in other legislatures. As of the 2022 Quebec general election, Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) has the most seats in the Assembly.
History
The Constitutional Act 1791 created the Parliament of Lower Canada. It consisted of two chambers, the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. That parliament and both chambers were abolished in 1841 when the 1840 Act of Union merged Upper Canada and Lower Canada into a single province named the Province of Canada. The Act of Union created a new Parliament of the Province of Canada, also composed of a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly. That Parliament had jurisdiction over the entire province, with members from Lower Canada and Upper Canada in both houses.
The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly known as the British North America Act), created the Dominion of Canada, and also created the provinces of Ontario and Quebec by splitting the old Province of Canada into two, based on the old boundaries of Lower Canada and Upper Canada. The act created a new bicameral Legislature for the province of Quebec, composed of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
In 1961, Marie-Claire Kirkland became the first woman elected to the Legislative Assembly.
In 1968, Bill 90 was passed by the government of Premier Jean-Jacques Bertrand, abolishing the Legislative Council and renaming the Legislative Assembly the "National Assembly", in line with the more strident nationalism of the Quiet Revolution. Before 1968, there had been various unsuccessful attempts at abolishing the Legislative Council, which was analogous to the Senate of Canada.
In 1978, television cameras were brought in for the first time to televise parliamentary debates. The colour of the walls was changed, allegedly to suit the needs of television, and the salon vert (green hall) became the salon bleu (blue hall).
In 1984,
Parliament Building
Constructed between 1877 and 1886, the Parliament Building features the
Although somewhat more sober in appearance and lacking a towering central belfry, Quebec City's Parliament Building bears a definite likeness to the
In 1936, Maurice Duplessis hung a crucifix in the Legislative Assembly chamber. It hung there for 83 years, until it was removed on 10 July 2019.[5]
Additional buildings were added, adjacent to the Parliament Buildings:
- Édifice André-Laurendeau was added from 1935 to 1937 to house the Ministry of Transport.
- Édifice Honoré-Mercier was added from 1922 to 1925 to house the Ministries of the Treasury (Finance), the Attorney General and the Secretary General of the National Assembly.
- Édifice Jean-Antoine-Panet was added from 1931 to 1932 for the Ministry of Agriculture.
- Édifice Pamphile-Le May added from 1910 to 1915 for the Library of the National Assembly, various other government offices and for the Executive Council.
Elections
Normally, the lieutenant governor invites the leader of the political party with the largest number of elected candidates to form the government as premier (premier ministre in French; French does not make a distinction between premier and prime minister).
Quebec's territory is divided into 125 electoral districts (ridings). In each riding, the candidate who receives the most votes is elected and becomes a member of the National Assembly (MNA). This is the first-past-the-post voting system. It tends to produce strong disparities in the number of seats won compared to the popular vote, perhaps best exemplified by the 1966 (wrong-winner result), 1970 (false-majority result), 1973, and 1998 election (wrong-winner and false-majority result).
Quebec elections have also tended to be volatile since the 1970s, producing a large turnover in seats. Consequently, existing political parties often lose more than half their seats with the rise of new or opposition political parties. For instance, the 1970 and 1973 elections saw the demise of the Union Nationale and rise of the Parti Québécois, which took power in 1976. The 1985 and 1994 elections saw the Liberals gain and lose power in landslide elections. The 2018 elections saw the rise of the Coalition Avenir Québec, which took power for the first time.
Members
Current standings
Cabinet ministers are in bold, party leaders are in italic and the president of the National Assembly is marked with a †.
Seating plan
Most recent election
Changes during the 43rd Quebec Legislature
| Number of members per party by date |
2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 3 | Oct 27 | Dec 1 | Mar 7 | Mar 13 | Mar 29 | Jul 19 | Oct 2 | Apr 17 | ||
| Coalition Avenir Québec | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 88 | |
| Liberal | 21 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | |
| Québec solidaire | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |
| Parti Québécois | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | |
| Independent | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Vacant | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proceedings
One of the members of the National Assembly is elected as
The president of the assembly is the arbiter of the parliamentary debates between the members of the government and the members of the Opposition. In order for a member to address the assembly, the member speak through the president. The president is usually a member of the governing party.
The proceedings of the National Assembly are broadcast across Quebec on the cable television network Canal de l'Assemblée nationale.
See also
- Executive Council of Quebec
- List of Quebec general elections
- List of Quebec premiers
- List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition
- Politics of Quebec
- Timeline of Quebec history
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_f.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ An Act respecting the National Assembly, CQLR 1982, c. A-23.1, s. 2
- ^ "Canadian Parliamentary Review - Article". www.revparl.ca. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
- ^ Useful Information – National Assembly of Quebec. Assnat.qc.ca (October 29, 2012). Retrieved July 12, 2013.
- ^ "Crucifix removed from National Assembly's Blue Room". CBC News. July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
- ^ An Act to amend the Election Act for the purpose of establishing fixed-date elections, L.Q. 2013, c. 13, s. 3
- ^ La procédure parliamentaire du Québec, 3e édition (Québec: Assemblée nationale du Québec, 2012), pp. 140-147.
Bibliography
- Assemblé nationale du Québec (2000). What is the National Assembly?, Québec: Assemblée nationale, 58 p. (ISBN 2-550-30165-X)
- Deschênes, Gaston (1983). The Assemblée nationale: Its Organization and Parliamentary Procedure, Québec: Assemblée nationale, 53 p. (ISBN 2551047595) [1st ed. in 1977]