National Catholicism

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An image of Christ the King, with the expression "I Shall Reign in Spain" (Spanish: Reinaré en España) inscribed.
Valle de los Caídos, built in 1940–59, is the world's tallest.[1][2]
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National Catholicism (

Francoism, the political system through which the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco governed the Spanish State between 1939 and 1975.[3] Its most visible manifestation was the hegemony that the Catholic Church had in all aspects of public and private life.[3] As a symbol of the ideological divisions within Francoism, it can be contrasted to national syndicalism (Spanish: nacionalsindicalismo), an essential component of the ideology and political practice of the Falangists
.

History

See also: First Francoism

The invention of the term is attributed to the Jesuit and historian Alfonso Álvarez Bolado, who gave the term a scientific nuance and whose articles were compiled by the publishing house Cuadernos para el Diálogo in 1976,[4] before, the term was used more informally. In France, a similar model of National Catholicism was advanced by the Fédération Nationale Catholique formed by General Édouard Castelnau.[5] Although it reached one million members in 1925, it was of short-lived significance, subsiding into obscurity by 1930.[6]

In Spain, the

Francoist State initiated a project in 1943 to reform the university. It was called the University Regulatory Law (U.R.L.), which remained active until 1970.[7]

Valle de los Caídos
in El Escorial, exemplary building of the Francoist era-style.

The U.R.L. represented the clearest politicization of the university in the service of the new regime's National-Catholic precepts. While there was no explicit exclusion of women from higher learning, their presence at the university level was discouraged and not recognized during the two first decades of the regime.[7]

In the 1930s and 1940s,

political Catholicism" and "Catholic Croatism".[9] Other countries in central and eastern Europe where similar movements of Francoist inspiration combined Catholicism with nationalism include Austria, Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ "El Valle de los Caídos explicado a quienes no saben qué es". 8 May 2017.
  2. ^ "World's Top 19 Largest Crosses (Reach High for the Sky!) - Miratico". 3 April 2015.
  3. ^
    ISSN 1469-2171
    .
  4. ^ Raguer (1976). El experimento del nacionalcatolicismo, 1939-1975 (in Spanish). Cuadernos para el Diálogo. p. 547.
  5. ISBN 978-1-85285-100-2
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-521-52270-0
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 079144029X
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-299-14873-7
    .
  9. ISBN 978-963-9241-82-4
    .
  10. ISBN 978-0-299-09804-9
    .

Further reading
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