National Institutes of Technology (India)
Other name | NIT or NITs (plural) |
---|---|
Type | Ministry of Education, Government of India |
Budget | ₹5,040 crore (US$630 million) (FY2024-25 est.)[1] |
Location | 31 cities in India |
Language | English |
Website | www |
The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are
In 2020, National Institutional Ranking Framework ranked twenty four NITs in the top 200 in engineering category.[4] The language of instruction is English at all these institutes.[5][6] As of 2023, the total number of seats for undergraduate programs is 23,954.[7]
History
During the second five-year plan (1956–60) in India, a number of industrial projects were contemplated. The Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs) were established by the central government to mimic the IITs at a regional level and act as benchmarks for the other colleges in that state. The admission used to be highly selective. Students topping the respective state's 12th board exam could be admitted at the REC of their state. Thus, 17 RECs were established from 1959 onwards in each of the major states. Each college was a joint and cooperative enterprise of the central government and the concerned state government. The government opened 9 RECs in 1960, 2 on average in each region, as follows:
Region | Regional Engineering Colleges (REC) |
---|---|
Eastern Region | Jamshedpur
|
Western Region | Bhopal
|
Southern Region | Surathkal
|
Northern Region | Allahabad
|
Later on, 6 more were added by 1967. The early 15 institutes were
These were large-sized institutions judged by the standards then prevailing in the country. The considerations that weighed in this decision were:
A large-sized college would be more efficient than the equivalent small colleges, the proposed colleges have to meet the additional requirements of the country as a whole and for that purpose should have to function on an all-India basis. Therefore, the smaller they are in number and the larger in size, the better, and for the same reason their location is important from an all-India point of view.
The RECs were jointly operated by the central government and the concerned state government. Non-recurring expenditures and expenditures for post-graduate courses during the REC period were borne by the central government while recurring expenditure on undergraduate courses was shared equally by central and state governments. They were considered to be the best government engineering colleges after the IITs in India even before their upgrade to National Institutes of Technology.
The success of the technology-based industry led to high demand for technical and scientific education. Due to the enormous costs and infrastructure involved in creating globally respected
By 2006, MHRD issued NIT status to 3 more colleges, located at
With the technology-based industry's continuing growth, the government decided to upgrade twenty National Institutes of Technology to full-fledged technical universities. Parliament passed enabling legislation, the
The Parliament of India on 1 August 2016 passed a bill to establish the 31st as well as the newest NIT, NIT Andhra Pradesh, on a day members of parliament of the ruling Telugu Desam Party from the state staged a protest to demand special category status. The National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research (Amendment) Bill, 2016 was passed by Rajya Sabha by voice vote. The bill was passed in Lok Sabha on 21 July 2016.[9]
Institutes
No. | Name | Abbreviation | Founded | Established as NIT |
City/Town | State/UT | NIRF Rank | Website | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engineering[11] | Overall[12] | ||||||||
1 | NIT Warangal
|
NITW | 1959 | 2002 | Warangal | Telangana | 21 | 53 | [1] |
2 | NIT Bhopal
|
MANIT | 1960 | 2002 | Bhopal | Madhya Pradesh | 80 | - | [2] |
3 | NIT Nagpur
|
VNIT | 1960 | 2002 | Nagpur | Maharashtra | 41 | 82 | [3] |
4 | NIT Durgapur
|
NITDGP | 1960 | 2002 | Durgapur | West Bengal | 43 | 90 | [4] |
5 | NIT Jamshedpur
|
NITJSR | 1960 | 2002 | Jamshedpur | Jharkhand | - | - | [5] |
6 | NIT Karnataka | NITK | 1960 | 2002 | Suratkhal
|
Karnataka | 12 | 38 | [6] |
7 | NIT Srinagar | NITSRI | 1960 | 2002 | Srinagar | Jammu and Kashmir | 82 | - | [7] |
8 | NIT Allahabad
|
MNNIT | 1961 | 2002 | Prayagraj
|
Uttar Pradesh | 49 | - | [8] |
9 | NIT Surat | SVNIT | 1961 | 2002 | Surat | Gujarat | 65 | - | [9] |
10 | NIT Calicut | NITC | 1961 | 2002 | Kozhikode | Kerala | 23 | 54 | [10] |
11 | NIT Rourkela
|
NITR | 1961 | 2002 | Rourkela | Odisha | 16 | 37 | [11] |
12 | NIT Jaipur
|
MNIT | 1963 | 2002 | Jaipur | Rajasthan | 37 | 62 | [12] |
13 | NIT Kurukshetra
|
NITKKR | 1963 | 2002 | Kurukshetra | Haryana | 58 | - | [13] |
14 | NIT Tiruchirappalli
|
NITT | 1964 | 2002 | Tiruchirappalli | Tamil Nadu | 9 | 21 | [14] |
15 | NIT Silchar
|
NITS | 1967 | 2002 | Silchar | Assam | 40 | 83 | [15] |
16 | NIT Hamirpur
|
NITH | 1986 | 2002 | Hamirpur | Himachal Pradesh | 128 | - | [16] |
17 | NIT Jalandhar | NITJ | 1987 | 2002 | Jalandhar | Punjab | 46 | 72 | [17] |
18 | NIT Patna | NITP | 1886 | 2004 | Patna | Bihar | 56 | - | [18] |
19 | NIT Raipur
|
NITRR | 1956 | 2005 | Raipur | Chhattisgarh | 70 | - | [19] |
20 | NIT Agartala | NITA | 1965 | 2006 | Agartala | Tripura | 91 | - | [20] |
21 | NIT Arunachal Pradesh
|
NITAP | 2014 | 2014 | Yupia | Arunachal Pradesh | 171 | - | [21] |
22 | NIT Delhi
|
NITD | 2014 | 2014 | New Delhi | Delhi | 51 | - | [22] |
23 | NIT Goa | NITG | 2014 | 2014 | Farmagudi | Goa | 90 | - | [23] |
24 | NIT Manipur
|
NITMN | 2014 | 2014 | Imphal | Manipur | 95 | - | [24] |
25 | NIT Meghalaya
|
NITM | 2014 | 2014 | Shillong | Meghalaya | 72 | - | [25] |
26 | NIT Mizoram
|
NITMZ | 2014 | 2014 | Aizawl | Mizoram | - | - | [26] |
27 | NIT Nagaland
|
NITN | 2014 | 2014 | Chümoukedima | Nagaland | - | - | [27] |
28 | NIT Puducherry
|
NITPY | 2014 | 2014 | Karaikal | Puducherry | 136 | - | [28] |
29 | NIT Sikkim
|
NITSKM | 2014 | 2014 | Ravangla | Sikkim | 173 | - | [29] |
30 | NIT Uttarakhand
|
NITUK | 2014 | 2014 | Srinagar, Uttarakhand | Uttarakhand | 131 | - | [30] |
31 | NIT Andhra Pradesh | NITANP | 2015 | 2015 | Tadepalligudem | Andhra Pradesh | - | - | [31] |
Organisational structure
The
Below the NIT Council is each NIT's Board of Governors. The Board of Governors of each NIT consists of the following members:
- Chairman - an eminent technologist / engineer / educationist to be nominated by the Government of India.
- Member Secretary - Director of the NIT.
- Nominee of the MHRD, Government of India.
- Nominee of the Department of the Higher / Technical Education of the respective state government.
- Head of another technical institution in the region or an eminent technologist to be nominated by Central Govt.
- Director, IIT (in the region) or his nominee.
- Nominee of the UGC not below the rank of a Deputy Secretary.
- Nominee of the AICTE not below the rank of an Advisor.
- An alumnus of the institute from amongst alumni in education/industry to be nominated by Board of Governors.
- Two representatives representing large, medium and small scale industries to be nominated by Central Government.
- One Professor and one assistant professor of the institute by rotation.
The Director serves under the Board of Governors and is the school's chief academic and executive officer. Academic policies are decided by its Senate, which is composed of some professors and other representatives. The Senate controls and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations, and results. Senate committees examine specific academic matters. The teaching, training, and research activities of various departments of the institute are periodically reviewed to maintain educational standards. The Director is the ex officio Chairman of the Senate. The deputy director is subordinate to the Director. Together they manage the Deans, Heads of Departments, Registrar, President of the Students' Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. Deans and Heads of Departments in NITs are administrative postings rather than career paths. Faculty members serve as Deans and Heads of Departments for limited periods, typically 2 to 3 years, then returning to regular faculty duties. The Registrar is the chief administrative officer and overviews day-to-day operations. Below the Head of Department (HOD), are the various faculty members (professors, assistant professors, and lecturers). The Warden serves under the Chairman of the Hall Management Committee.[13]
NITSER Act
The National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research (NITSER) Act, 2007 was enacted by the
Council of NITSER
The Council of NITSER is the supreme governing body of India's National Institutes of Technology (NIT) system. The Council of NITSER consists of chairmen, directors of all NITs along with the government nominees from various sectors with the Minister of Education as the chairman of the council. The Council of NITSER is the highest decision-making body in the NIT fraternity and is answerable only to the Government of India. The Council of NITSER is expected to meet regularly and take steps conducive for maximum growth of the NITs as whole in the near future.[16][3]
Education
The NITs along with the IITs receive comparatively higher grants than other engineering colleges in India. Average NIT funding increased to ₹100 crores ($15.4 million) by 2011. On average, each NIT also receives ₹ 20-25 crore ($3-3.8 million) under World Bank funded Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP I and TEQIP II). Other sources of funds include student fees and research funding from industry and contributions from the alumni. The faculty-to-student ratio in the NITs is between 1:7 and 1:9. The cost borne by undergraduate students is around ₹ 250,000 (~$3600) per annum.[17] After students from SC and ST categories, physically challenged students will now be the beneficiaries of fee waiver at the NITs in India.
The various NITs function autonomously, and their special status as
The academic policies of each NIT are decided by its Senate. This comprises all professors of the NIT and student representatives. Unlike many western universities that have an elected senate, the NITs have an academic senate. It controls and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations and results, and appoints committees to look into specific academic matters. The teaching, training and research activities of the institute are periodically reviewed by the senate to maintain educational standards. The Director of NIT is the ex-officio Chairman of the Senate.
Stringent faculty recruitment and industry collaboration also contribute to NIT success. Faculty other than lecturers must have a
All the NITs follow the credits system of performance evaluation, with a proportional weighting of courses based on their importance. The total marks (usually out of 100) form the basis of
Undergraduate education
The Bachelor of Technology (BTech) degree is the most common undergraduate degree in the NITs in terms of student enrollment. The BTech course is based on a 4-year program with eight semesters, while the Dual Degree and Integrated courses are 5-year programs with ten semesters. In all NITs, the first year of BTech and Dual Degree courses are marked by a common course structure for all the students, though in some NITs, a single department introduction related course is also included. The common courses include the basics from most of the departments like electronics, mechanics, chemistry, electrical, and physics. At the end of the first year, some NITs offer an option to the meritorious students to change departments on the basis of their performance in the first two semesters.[19] Few such changes ultimately take place as the criteria for them are usually strict, limited to the most meritorious students. Few NITs also offer 5-year Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) and 4-year Bachelor of Science (BSc) degrees.
From the second year onwards, the students study subjects exclusively from their respective departments. In addition to these, the students have to take compulsory advanced courses from other departments in order to broaden their education. Separate compulsory courses from
Postgraduate and doctoral education
Master degrees
The NITs offer a number of postgraduate programs including
14 NITs, including NIT Allahabad,[20] NIT Bhopal,[21] NIT Calicut,[22] NIT Hamirpur,[23] NIT Jaipur,[24] NIT Jalandhar,[25] NIT Kurukshetra,[26] NIT Rourkela,[27] NIT Silchar,[28] NIT Karnataka,[29] NIT Warangal,[30] NIT Durgapur,[31] NIT Tiruchirappalli,[32] and NIT Agartala[33] have separate departments or schools of management offering master's degrees in management or business administration. Additionally, NIT Arunachal Pradesh also offers an Online MBA program and an M.Tech. in Appropriate Technology and Entrepreneurship, which is perhaps the only one among the NITs.[34]
Bachelors-Masters dual degrees
The NITs also offer an unconventional BTech and MTech integrated educational program called "Dual Degree". It integrates undergraduate and postgraduate studies in selected areas of specialisation. It is completed in five years as against six years in conventional BTech (four years) followed by an MTech (two years). Integrated Master of Science programs is also offered at few NITs which integrates the Undergraduate and Postgraduate studies in Science streams in a single degree program against the conventional university system. These programs were started to allow NITians to complete postgraduate studies from NIT rather than having to go to another institute.
Doctoral degrees
The NITs also offer the Doctor of Technology degree (D.Tech.) as part of their
Campus life
NITs provide on-campus housing to students, research scholars, and faculty members. Students live in hostels, also known as halls, throughout their college life.
Faculties and researchers from IITs, ISM and IISc organize occasional technical seminars and research labs.
Student government
Some NITs individually conduct elections to elect student body a general secretary and vice president. These representatives are generally responsible for communicating with the college management and media, organising festivals, and also for various development programmes in their college. Some NITs (such as
Disciplinary committee
The Disciplinary Committee (DISCO) consists of the Director, the student affairs officer, and professors. and reports to MHRD. DISCO regulates student activities and combats student harassment and illegitimate student politics. After a series of harassment incidents, all NITs took strict measures especially to protect first-year students.
Extra-curricular activities
Popular extra curricular activities include
Technical and cultural festivals
All NITs organise annual technical festivals, typically lasting three or four days. The technical festivals are Avishkar (NIT Allahabad),
Alumni
Many NIT alumni have achieved leading positions in corporations, such as:
- Natarajan Chandrasekaran (chairman, Tata Sons)
- Rajesh Gopinathan (CEO, Tata Consultancy Services)
- T. V. Narendran (CEO, Tata Steel)
- C. P. Gurnani (CEO, Mahindra Satyam)
- K. V. Kamath (Chief, BRICS New Development Bank, Shanghai; Former CEO of ICICI Bank; Padma Bhushan Awardee)
- Satyam)
- K. R. Sridhar (Founder and CEO, Bloom Energy)
- Shyam Srinivasan (CEO and MD, Federal Bank)
- Abid Ali Neemuchwala (Former CEO of Wipro)
- Sudhir Vasudeva (Former Chairman & MD at ONGC)
- Dinesh Keskar (Senior VP, Boeing Aircraft Trading and Head Boeing India)
- Rao Remala (First Indian employee of Microsoft)
- Rajeev Madhavan (Founder, Magma Design Automation, venture capitalist in USA. on the Dean's advisory board at UCLA's Henry Samueli School of Engineering)
- Pawan Munjal (chairman, MD & CEO, Hero Motocorp)
- Atul Sobti (Former Chairman and MD of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited)
NIT alumni have also pursued careers in public service; for example:
- Kavuri Samba Siva Rao (Former Union Minister, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India)
- Vinod Kumar Yadav (Chairman of Indian Railways Board)
- Deepak Khandekar (Chief Secretary, Ministry of Tribal Affairs)
- PIO)
- Dawood Danesh Jafari (Minister of Finance & Economic Affairs, Iran)
- Ajit Jogi (First chief minister of Chhattisgarh also a former lecturer at National Institute of Technology Raipur)
- Sanjiv Chaturvedi (IFS officer who has exposed many corruption cases in Haryana and AIIMS; received the Presidential reference a record four times and the Ramon Magsaysay award in 2015)
- Magsaysay award & Padma Shri, Social activist, founder of PRADAN (NGO))
- 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attacks)
- Nitish Kumar (Chief minister of Bihar)
- V. V. Lakshminarayana (Former Joint Director for India's Central Bureau of Investigation)
- Suresh Pachouri (Member of Parliament)
- Ram Vinay Shahi (Longest-serving power secretary of India)
- Abhishek Singh (Member of Parliament from Rajnandgaon Region)
- Prafulla Kumar Das (Engineer-in-chief, Odisha (Retd.))
- Balram Singh Yadav (Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, Uttar Pradesh)
- Malli Mastan Babu (Mountaineer and Motivational speaker, Andhra Pradesh)
- Sonam Wangchuk (Engineer, Innovator and Education reformist)
- Mansoor Ali Khan (Member of the 13th Lok Sabha)
- Budhaditya Mukherjee (Padma Shri recipient and first artist in history to perform in the House of Commons, London)
- Palanivel Thiagarajan (Minister of Finance and Human Resources, Tamil Nadu)
Notable alumni in academics and research include:
- Georgia Institute of Technology)
- Guruswami Ravichandran (Recipient of 2013 Eringen Medal and Chair of Engineering Division, California Institute of Technology)
- Nambirajan Seshadri (Recipient of 2018 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal and Professor of Practice, University of California, San Diego)
- Anindya Ghose (Professor, New York University Stern School of Business)
- Rajkumar Chellaraj (CFO and Associate Dean, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford University)
- Shanti Swarup Bhatnagarlaureate)
- Akhilesh K. Gaharwar (Professor, Texas A&M University)
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base)
- Lalit Goel (Professor and Head of Electrical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University)
- Baldev Raj (Padma Shri awardee, former director of the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, currently the Chairman of Board of Governors at National Institute of Technology Puducherry)
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur)
- Vallabh Sambamurthy (Dean of the Wisconsin School of Business, University of Wisconsin, Madison)
- Onkar Singh (Founder Vice Chancellor of Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology)
- Dharma Agrawal (Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems at the University of Cincinnati)
See also
References
- ^ "Notes on Demands for Grants, 2024-2025" (PDF).
- ^ "About NITs | Council of NITSER". nitcouncil.org.in. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ a b "About the Council | Council of NITSER". nitcouncil.org.in. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ "MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". www.nirfindia.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ "National Institutes of Technology | Technical Education | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ "National Institutes of Technology | AICTE". www.aicte-india.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
- ^ "JoSAA". josaa.admissions.nic.in. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- ^ "About NITs | Council of NITs". nitcouncil.org.in. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ "Andhra Pradesh to get NIT, Parliament passes bill". The Indian Express. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "National Institutes of Technology | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ "Engineering | MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". www.nirfindia.org. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ "Overall | MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". www.nirfindia.org. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ "Standing Committee | Council of NITs". nitcouncil.org.in. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007" (PDF).
- ^ "Gazette Notification NIT (Amendment) Act 2012" (PDF).
- ^ "Ministry of Education - NITs".
- ^ PTI. "NITs to hike fees for new students". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "INDEST-AICTE Consortium | ICOLC Website". icolc.net. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
- ^ Sowailem, Ansonika &. "2nd year B.Tech. Branch Change Information | National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal". www.nitk.ac.in. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
- ^ "School of Mgmt. Studies". www.mnnit.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Department of Management Studies (DMS) | Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Government of India". www.manit.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Programmes". www.soms.nitc.ac.in. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Management | NIT Hamirpur". NIT Hamirpur.
- ^ "Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur". www.mnit.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Humanities & Management - Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar". www.nitj.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Management | NIT Kurukshetra". NIT Kurukshetra.
- ^ "NIT Rourkela". www.nitrkl.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Management Studies Dept. | NIT Silchar". www.nits.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "School of Management | NITK Surathkal". som.nitk.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "National Institute of Technology | Warangal". www.nitw.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "NIT Durgapur". nitdgp.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "NIT Trichy - Management Studies". www.nitt.edu. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "NIT Agartala >Management, Humanities & Social Sciences". www.nita.ac.in. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Management & Humanities – NIT Arunachal Pradesh, Govt. of India". Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ Natarajan, R. "The Evolution of Postgraduate Engineering Education and Research in India" (PDF). CAGS 2005 Conference. Canadian Association for Graduate Studies. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2005.
- ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
External links
- Official website NIT Council