National Radical Camp
National Radical Camp Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny | |
---|---|
Leader | Jan Mosdorf[a] Bolesław Piasecki[b] Henryk Rossman[c] |
Founded | 14 April 1934[1] |
Banned | 10 July 1934[2] |
Split from | National Party[3][4] |
Membership | 5,000 (1937 est.)[5] |
Ideology | National-radicalism |
Roman Catholicism | |
Colours | Green White |
Party flag | |
|
The National Radical Camp (
Shortly after its creation ONR split into two branches: the National Radical Movement Falanga (Polish: Ruch Narodowo Radykalny-Falanga; RNR-Falanga or ONR-Falanga), and National Radical Camp ABC (Polish: Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny ABC; ONR-ABC). "Falanga" is Polish for "phalanx", "ABC" refers to a newspaper printed by the organisation at the time.
Since 1993, an organization exists in Poland that has adopted the name ONR, following its ideology and traditions.
First incarnation (1934)
The party was influenced by the ideas of
Dominated by youth, National Radical Camp was an outgrowth of the
The party was created on the insistence of former members of the
The ONR was mostly supported by students and other groups of urban youth. ONR openly encouraged
During World War II
During
Falanga
Formation and ideology
The RNR-Falanga was formed in the spring of 1935 following a split by members of the National Radical Camp held in
The Falanga was led by
Development
Largely based on university campuses, the Falanga followed a policy of
The group soon came under scrutiny from the Polish government. Indeed, unlike similar movements in other European countries that regularly held public rallies, the ONR-Falanga held only two such gatherings, in 1934 and 1937, both of which were quickly broken up by the police.[21]
For a time the movement became associated with the Camp of National Unity (Polish: Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego, OZN) as Colonel Adam Koc, impressed by the organisation of the ONR-Falanga, placed Piasecki in charge of the OZN youth group. Koc called for the creation of a one-party state and hoped to use the youth movement to ensure this although his pronouncements upset many pro-government moderates. As such, Koc was removed from the leadership of the OZN in 1938 and replaced by General Stanisław Skwarczyński who quickly severed any ties to the ONR-Falanga.[23]
Disappearance
As a Polish nationalist movement the RNR-Falanga opposed the
However, following the establishment of a communist government in 1945, Piasecki was allowed to lead the PAX Association (Polish: Stowarzyszenie PAX), a supposedly Catholic organisation that was in fact a front group of the NKVD which aimed to promote the new communist regime to Poland's Catholics whilst turning them away from the Vatican.[24]
ABC
The ONR-ABC was the second splinter group besides Falanga founded by Henryk Rossman.
See also
- Falange
- Camp of Great Poland
- Confederation of the Nation
- Nara (disambiguation)
- National Movement (Poland)
- ONR (disambiguation)
- Camp of National Unity (Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego)
- Tomasz Greniuch
References
- ^ 1935 (Falanga & ABC)
- ^ (Banned by a decree of the Polish government)
1939 (Falanga & ABC) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
RudnickiONR
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ISBN 9788377857472.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 0-906601-74-6.
- ^ Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism 1914-1945, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 262.
- ^ Historia ONR www.wyborcza.pl.
- ^ Christian Davies (11 November 2018). "Poland's president addresses far right at independence march". Guardian.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k (in Polish) Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny Archived 30 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine WIEM Encyklopedia
- ISBN 978-83-229-2791-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
- ^ Martin Blinkhorn (2000). Fascism and the Right in Europe 1919-1945 (2013 ed.). Routledge. p. 53.
- ^ ISBN 9781134300341.
- Yivo Institute for Jewish Research
- ^ Wapiński 1980, 308.
- ^ Ajnenkiel 1974, 226.
- ^ a b c d e f C.P. Blamires, World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-Clio, 2006, p. 523
- ^ Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism 1914-1945, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 262
- ^ Payne, A History of Fascism, pp. 321-2
- ^ P. Davies & D. Lynch, The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right, London: Routledge, 2002. p. 324
- ^ a b Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland Volume 2: 1795 to the Present, Columbia University Press, 1982, p. 262
- ^ J.W. Borejsza, "East European Perceptions of Italian Fascism", S. U. Larsen, B. Hagtvet & J. P. Myklebust, Who Were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism, Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 1980, p. 358
- ^ Payne, A History of Fascism, p. 322
- ^ Davies, God's Playground, p. 579
Further reading
- S2CID 153991392.
- ISBN 83-07-01221-X.
- Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
- ISBN 83-04-00008-3.
- Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
- ISBN 83-04-00008-3.
- S2CID 153991392.
- ISBN 83-07-01221-X.