National Socialist Movement of Chile

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National Socialist Movement of Chile
Movimiento Nacional Socialista de Chile
LeaderJorge González von Marées
Founded5 April 1932
Dissolved1938
Succeeded byPopular Socialist Vanguard
Membership20,000 (c. 1930s)
IdeologyChilean nationalism
Nazism
Fascism
Portalesism
Populism
Corporatism
Political positionFar-right
Party flag
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Movimiento Nacional Socialista de Chile was a political movement in

Presidential Republic Era, which initially supported the ideas of Adolf Hitler, although it later moved towards a more local form of fascism. They were commonly known as Nacistas.[1]

Development

The movement was formed in April 1932 by General Diaz Valderrama, Carlos Keller (the main ideologue of the group) and Jorge González von Marées, who became leader. The party initially followed the ideas of Nazism closely, stressing antisemitism. It received financial support from the German population of Chile and soon built up a membership of 20,000 people. The movement stressed what it saw as the need for one-party rule, corporatism and solidarity between classes, and soon set up its own paramilitary wing, the Tropas Nacistas de Asalto.[2]

However support for Hitler was later abandoned, with González von Marées claiming by the late 1930s that the use of the name 'National Socialist' had been an error on his part. Antisemitism was also scaled back, with a more domestic form of fascism being offered instead.

NSDAP/AO eventually ended when that group criticised the Nacistas for their lack of commitment to antisemitism.[1] Individual members (most notably, Miguel Serrano) continued to look to Adolf Hitler
.

Mergers

The party obtained three deputies (3.5% of the votes) during the

Radical Party's candidate, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, who narrowly won the election.[5]

In 1939, some members of the APL created an offshoot, the fascist

Partido Agrario Laborista (PAL).[citation needed
]

Of the former members of the party only Jorge Prat gained much influence. Publishing a weekly paper, Estanquero, between 1949 and 1954, he served as a cabinet minister in Carlos Ibáñez del Campo's government and attempted to run for President of Chile in 1964.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Max Paul Friedman, Nazis & Good Neighbours, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 52
  2. ^ a b Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism: 1914–1945, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 341
  3. ^ Cruz-Coke, Ricardo. 1984. Historia electoral de Chile. 1925–1973. Editorial Jurídica de Chile. Santiago
  4. S2CID 145370595
    .
  5. ^ Payne, A History of Fascism, p. 342
  6. ^ S. Cerqueira in JP Bernard et al., Guide to the Political Parties of South America, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973, p. 245
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