Naukograd
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Naukograd (Russian: наукогра́д, IPA: forced labour from the Soviet Gulag. In the Russian Federation in post-Soviet times, the term is used generally for about seventy towns that have concentrations of scientific research and production, and specifically, refers to a small number of towns that have been recognised for their scientific capabilities and hence get special privileges.
Of the more general naukograds, about thirty are located in
example needed] Some naukograds are operated by the Russian Academy of Sciences, including Pushchino, a biological sciences center, and Chernogolovka, a center for physics and chemistry. Zelenograd
(a city and an administrative district of Moscow located forty kilometres from the city centre) is the Russian center for research, education and production in the electronics area.
The first town to be officially designated "naukograd" in 2000 was
Korolyov, where many space research facilities are located.[2] In 2003 Koltsovo, near Akademgorodok, originally the home of the biowarfare centre Vector but now a centre for pharmaceutical and medical research, Reutov, Fryazino, Michurinsk
were also granted the status of naukograd. At least 14 towns have been granted the designation of naukograd.
See also
- Closed city
- List of closed cities
- College town
References
- S2CID 248199701.
- ^ Helena Schweiger; et al. "The long-run effects of R&D place-based policies: Evidence from Russian Science Cities". aeaweb.org. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
