Naval Aircraft Factory

Coordinates: 39°53.501′0″N 75°10.232′0″W / 39.89168°N 75.17053°W / 39.89168; -75.17053
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

39°53.501′0″N 75°10.232′0″W / 39.89168°N 75.17053°W / 39.89168; -75.17053

Naval Aircraft Factory
Second World War

The Naval Aircraft Factory (NAF) was established by the United States Navy in 1918 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was created to help solve aircraft supply issues which the Navy Department faced upon the entry of the U.S. into World War I. The United States Army’s requirements for an enormous quantity of airplanes created a decided lack of interest among aircraft manufacturers in the Navy's requirements for a comparatively small quantity of aircraft. The Navy Department concluded that it was necessary to build a Navy-owned aircraft factory in order to assure a part of its aircraft supply; to obtain cost data for the department’s guidance in its dealings with private manufacturers; and to have under its own control a factory capable of producing experimental designs.

History

Woman making parachute at NAF, May 1942

World War I

On 27 July 1917

Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels approved the construction of the Naval Aircraft Factory as a means for the government to promote industry efficiency, ensure engineering expertise, and to monitor costs. The contract was let on 6 August 1917, and ground was broken four days later. The main assembly building, Number 59, was completed by 28 November 1917. Work started on the first order, received 8 days before, for the construction of 50 H-16 patrol aircraft. By the end of the year, the work force numbered more than 700, under the management of Lieutenant Commander Fred G. Coburn.[1]

An additional order for 100 H-16s was placed in February 1918. The increased need for flying boat construction during WWI meant expanding the factory into a final aircraft assembly plant, using civilian subcontractors to supply the components. Building 77, the main assembly building, was completed in August, measuring 100 feet wide, 680 feet long, and 51 feet in height. Building 75, a three-story office building, and Building 76, a six-story storehouse were added so that the NAF occupied 41 acres by September 1918. By the end of 1918, the NAF employed 3,640 workers, including 890 women.[1]: 20, 24–25, 31 

On 27 March 1918, the first H-16 built by the NAF was successfully flown,

RNAS Killingholme, England. After World War I, when the 1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system
came into effect, the second letter of the codes designating the manufacturer appropriately specified the latter N for all airframe designs coming from the Naval Aircraft Factory.

Between July 1917 and November 1918, the end of WWI, the NAF built 137 H-16s, 31 F-5-Ls, 4 N-1 Davis Gun Carriers, 17 sets of spares for the H-16 and 8 sets of spares for the F-5-L. In 1919, construction started on 80 MFs and 20 VE-7s. In 1920, construction began on 36 of Grover Loening's M-81s, 6 Navy-Curtiss flying boats, and 4 TFs. In 1921, construction began on 15 PT-1s and 18 PT-2s.[1]: 39, 41–48 

In 1922, full-scale production of outside designs ended, and the NAF began concentrating on the testing and evaluation of aircraft, including both the modification to outside types and all-new in-house designs. Successful designs were then turned over to industry for production. The change in focus resulted in the disuse of some production buildings, which were converted into storage depots for unused aircraft.[2] In 1922-1923, the NAF fabricated the USS Shenandoah (ZR-1), although final assembly took place at Naval Air Station Lakehurst, New Jersey, where the only hangar in the United States large enough to house the airship was located.[3][1]: 56–59 

World War II

The NAF was a major parachute production center in the 1930s and 1940s, producing 30,000 in WWII. The NAF also worked on aircraft catapults and arresting gear starting in 1921.[1]: 155, 162–185, 338–337 

In the 1934 under the Vinson-Trammell Act (co-sponsored by Carl Vinson), it was decided that the Navy would build 10% of its own aircraft to stay abreast of modern manufacturing techniques and costs. The NAF thus resumed large-scale aircraft production in 1936 on introduction of the N3N biplane trainer aircraft. In 1937, the NAF received orders to manufacture 44 SON-1 scout observation aircraft, and in 1938, 30 SBN-1s. In July 1941, the NAF was ordered to build 156 PBN-1 Nomad patrol flying boats. In 1942, the NAF delivered the first of eventually 300 OS2N-1s.

In 1941 the NAF spun off the

turbo-jet
-powered missile.

The NAF ended aircraft production with the end of

Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division
as a facility for research and development.

Products

The first F5L built by the Naval Aircraft Factory, July 1918[5]
N-1 serial A2283
F5L under construction at the Naval Aircraft Factory, c.1920
N3N production in 1937

Notable personnel

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Under the 1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system, the designation of the initial production version of the NAF fighter would have been FN-1, which is very similar to NF-1.

Notes

  1. ^ .
  2. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 326–327.
  3. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 523.
  4. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 327.
  5. ^ a b Molson, Kenneth M. (1978). "The FELIXSTOWE F5L". Cross & Cockade Great Britain Journal. 9 (2): 49, 51, 52. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  6. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 528.
  7. ^ a b c d e "American airplanes: NAF". Aerofiles.com. 2008-08-15. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  8. .
  9. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 530.
  10. ^ .
  11. ^ .

References

Further reading

External links