Nazi Party/Foreign Organization
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (May 2011) |
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei/Auslands-Organisation | |
Abbreviation | NSDAP/AO |
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Formation | 1 May 1931 |
Dissolved | 8 May 1945 |
Leader | Hans Nieland (until 1933) Ernst Wilhelm Bohle (from 1933) |
Parent organization | Nazi Party |
Part of a series on |
Nazism |
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The Nazi Party/Foreign Organization was a branch of the Nazi Party and the 43rd and only non-territorial Gau ("region") of the Party. In German, the organization is referred to as NSDAP/AO, "AO" being the abbreviation of the German compound word Auslands-Organisation ("Foreign Organization"). Although Auslands-Organisation would be correctly written as one word, the Nazis chose an obsolete spelling with a hyphen.
Nazi Party members who lived outside the German Reich were pooled in this special Party department. On May 1, 1931, the "AO" was founded on the initiative of Reich Organization Leader (German: Reichsorganisationsleiter) Gregor Strasser, and its management was assigned to Hans Nieland, who resigned from office on May 8, 1933, because he had become head of the Hamburg police authority; he was replaced by Ernst Wilhelm Bohle. Only actual citizens of the German Reich with a German passport could become members of the AO. Persons of German descent, ethnic Germans (German: Volksdeutsche), who possessed the nationality of the country in which they lived, were refused entry to the Nazi Party.
History
In 1928, party members from
: Ortsgruppen) included at least 25 "party comrades" (German: Parteigenossen), while the so-called Stützpunkte (English: bases, literally support points) had five members or more. Additionally, large Local Groups could be divided into "Blocs" (German: Blöcke).The NSDAP/AO's main responsibilities were ideological training and ensuring that all party members aligned with the interests of the German nation. It aimed to unite all Party members (and members of Nazi Party-affiliated organizations) living abroad in a loosely connected group and to educate them in the philosophy, ideology, and political programs of the Nazi Party for Germany's betterment. The AO was not a
- "Obey the laws of the country in which you are a guest."
- "Let the citizens take care of the internal policy of the country where you are a guest; do not mix in these matters, even by way of conversation."
- "Identify yourself to all, on all occasions, as an NSDAP party member."
- "Always speak and act on behalf of the NSDAP movement, thus doing honor to the new Germany. Be honest, honorable, fearless and loyal."
- "Look out for all your fellow Germans, men of your blood, style and being. Give them a hand, irrespective of their class. We are all creators of our people."
These principles aimed to foster a positive attitude towards Germans and Germany in general, and to convince as many foreigners as possible that the Nazi Party was the right choice for Germany, and as a result, the rest of the world.
By country
Costa Rica
The local NSDAP/AO delegation in Costa Rica existed in the 1930s to 1940s, numbered 66 members, and lobbied for Germany during World War II. Its leaders were the engineer
Records of the time, show that there was communication between
One of the leaders, Max Effinger, was appointed immigration advisor in the government of
Dominican Republic
By the early 1940s, the NSDAP/AO had perhaps around 50 active members in the
Finland
Auslands-Organisation der NSDAP Landeskreis Finnland was the Finnish local group of the German Nazi party. The Finnish party organization began its activities in 1932, when local German citizens founded the local organization of the Nazi party (Ortsgruppe) in
Ireland
Ireland/Éire (known as the Irish Free State until 1937) was neutral during the war (Northern Ireland was and is part of the United Kingdom), and several Germans and Austrians in the country were active in NSDAP/AO.[9] Adolf Mahr, director of the National Museum of Ireland, was also Ortsgruppenleiter of the local Nazi party until 1939; he was succeeded by Heinz Mecking, who was head of the Turf Development Board.[10][11] The military musician and composer Fritz Brase was also a member.[12]
The AO's duties included monitoring Germans in Ireland, sending reports on Irish events to
Sweden
NSDAP/AO had a Landesgruppe Schweden. During the first years of World War II it was led by W. Stengel, but the leadership was later taken over by the German diplomat Heinz Gossmann. There were several Ortsgruppen in different parts of Sweden, such as Gothenburg, Borås, etc.[17]
See also
- German-American Bund
- Nazi Party (NSDAP)
- NSDAP/AO (1972)
- Germanic SS
- The Swastika Outside Germany
References
Notes
- ^ "Preludios de miedo y violencia - ÁNCORA - nacion.com". nacion.com.
- ^ "Club Alemán". Mi Costa Rica de Antaño. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
- ^ "El fantasma nazi - ÁNCORA - nacion.com". nacion.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ a b Berth, Christian La inmigración alemana en Costa Rica, migración, crisis y cambio entre 1920 y 1950 entrevistas con descendientes alemanes.Instituto de Historia Contemporánea de Hamburgo
- ^ "AFEHC : articulos : Antisemitismo en Costa Rica: una comparación con Alemania : Antisemitismo en Costa Rica: una comparación con Alemania". afehc-historia-centroamericana.org. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ Leonard, Thomas M., and John F. Bratzel. Latin America During World War II. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. p. 85
- ^ Lars Westerlund: ITSETEHOSTUKSESTA NÖYRYYTEEN SUOMENSAKSALAISET 1933–46 (PDF) 2011. National Archives of Finland.
- ^ Dr. Thomas Fricke. "Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Abt. Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg - Findbuch EL 902/5: Spruchkammer 9 - Crailsheim: Verfahrensakten - Strukturansicht" (in German).
- ^ "Hitler's eyes in Ireland". The Irish Times.
- ISBN 9781843833765– via Google Books.
- ISBN 9783484401426– via Google Books.
- ISBN 9781846316586– via Google Books.
- ^ "'Dublin Nazi No 1' ran Hitler Youth from National Museum". independent.
- JSTOR 24347796– via JSTOR.
- ^ "Dublin Nazi No. 1: the life of Adolf Mahr". March 4, 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-19-154223-7– via Google Books.
- ^ Kjellberg, Georg K:son (1946). Den tyska propagandan i Sverige under krigsåren 1939-1945 [The German propaganda in Sweden during the war years 1939-1945]. Statens offentliga utredningar, 0375-250X; 1946:86 (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 10.
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Bibliography
- Balke, Ralf: Hakenkreuz im Heiligen Land : die NSDAP-Landesgruppe Palästina. - Erfurt : Sutton, 2001. - 221 p. : ill. - ISBN 3-89702-304-0
- Ehrich, Emil: Die Auslands-Organisation der NSDAP. - Berlin : Junker u. Dünnhaupt, 1937. - 32 p. - (Schriften der Deutschen Hochschule für Politik : 2, Der organisatorische Aufbau des Dritten Reiches; 13)
- Farías, Víctor: Los nazis en Chile. - Barcelona : Seix Barral, 2000. - 586 p. : ill., ports. - ISBN 84-322-0849-3
- Gaudig, Olaf: Der Widerschein des Nazismus : das Bild des Nationalsozialismus in der deutschsprachigen Presse Argentiniens, Brasiliens und Chiles 1932 - 1945. - Berlin; Mannheim : Wissenschaftlicher Verl., 1997. - 538 p. - ISBN 3-932089-01-4. - (Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral) - Berlin, Freie Univ., 1994/95). - EUR 57,00
- Grams, Grant W.(2021). Return Migration of German Nationals from the United States and Canada, 1933–1941, Jefferson, North Carolina, McFarland Publications.
- Jong, Louis de: The German fifth column in the Second World War / translated from the Dutch by C.M. Geyl. - Rev. ed. - London : Routledge, 1956. - 308 p. : maps. - (Translation of: De Duitse vijfde colonne in de Tweede Wereldoorlog)
- Lachmann, Günter: Der Nationalsozialismus in der Schweiz 1931 - 1945 : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Auslandsorganisation der NSDAP. - Berlin-Dahlem : Ernst-Reuter-Gesellschaft, 1962. - 107 p. - (Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral) - F.U. Berlin, Dec. 18, 1962)
- McKale, Donald M.: The swastika outside Germany. - Kent, Ohio : Kent State Univ. Press, 1977. - xvi, 288 p. - ISBN 0-87338-209-9
- Moraes, Luís Edmundo de Souza: "Konflikt und Anerkennung: Die Ortsgruppen der NSDAP in Blumenau und Rio de Janeiro." Berlin: Metropol Verlag, 2005. 296 p. - ISBN 3-936411-63-8(Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral) - Berlin, Technische Universität/Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung, 2002)
- Müller, Jürgen: Nationalsozialismus in Lateinamerika : die Auslandsorganisation der NSDAP in Argentinien, Brasilien, Chile und Mexiko, 1931 - 1945. - Stuttgart : Akademischer Verlag Heinz, 1997. - 566 p. : ill. - (Historamericana; 3). - ISBN 3-88099-672-5. - (Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral) - Heidelberg, 1994/95). - EUR 34,50
- National Socialism. Basic principles, their application by the Nazi Party's foreign organization, and the use of Germans abroad for Nazi aims / Prepared in the Special Unit of the Division of European Affairs by Raymond E. Murphy, Francis B. Stevens, Howard Trivers, Joseph M. Roland. - Washington : United States of America, Department of State, 1943. - pp. vi. 510.
External links
- Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, 90th day, Monday, 25 March 1946, testimony of Ernst Wilhelm Bohle (search for "bohle")
- 6. Reichstagung der Auslandsdeutschen in Stuttgart vom 28. August bis 4. September (1938) Film of the 6th Congress of the NSDAP/AO in Stuttgart, 1938