Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental
Nakatungdang Negros Kanlurang Negros | ||
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Mount Kanlaon; Magikland in Silay; Negros Occidental Provincial Capitol in Bacolod; Ruins of Lacson Mansion in Talisay; Sipalay Tinagong Dagat in Sipalay . | ||
Nicknames:
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Anthem: Matuod nga Negrosanon (literally: True Negrense) | ||
Mount Kanlaon) | 2,465 m (8,087 ft) | |
Population (2020 census)[2] | ||
• Total | 2,623,172 | |
• Rank | 8th out of 81 | |
• Density | 340/km2 (870/sq mi) | |
• Rank | 22nd out of 81 | |
(excluding Bacolod) | ||
Divisions | ||
• Independent cities | 1
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• Component cities | ||
• Municipalities | ||
• Barangays |
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• Districts |
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ZIP code | 6100–6132 | |
IDD : area code | +63 (0)34 | |
ISO 3166 code | PH-NEC | |
Spoken languages | ||
Numbered highways | ||
Income classification | 1st class | |
Website | www |
Negros Occidental (
Negros Occidental faces the island-province of
History
Spanish colonial era
Ilog was made the first capital of the province in 1743. This was later transferred to Himamaylan.
America invasion era
The
From 1914 to 1927, parts of Western Negros hosted several newly established settlements which became cities connected by railroads constructed to flow towards several "sugar centrals" which were processing the extremely sweet raw sugar canes grown in Negros' volcanic soil and farmed by several "Haciendas". These haciendas littered the countryside as the central sugar mills eventually grew to become full pledged towns and cities: chief among which were Ilog, Hinigaran, La Carlota,
Western Negros also saw massive immigration from Panay as the Spanish, Chinese, and French mestizos who administered the Haciendas[4] imported laborers from Panay island to foster the farming of Negros' sugar plantations and thereby displacing the Cebuano speaking natives.[5]
Japanese occupation era
During World War II, both Negros provinces were invaded by Imperial Japanese forces, resorting many residents to flee to the inland mountains.[6] Negros Island was liberated by combined Philippine & American troops with the local Negrense guerillas attacking the Japanese on August 6, 1945. The 7th, 73rd, 74th and 75th Infantry Divisions of the Philippine Commonwealth Army were established from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the 7th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was active from October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946, at the Military General Headquarters in Negros Occidental.[clarification needed] They started the engagements of the Anti-Japanese Imperial Military Operations in Negros from 1942 to 1945 against the Japanese Imperial forces.[further explanation needed]
Philippine independence
The Negros Famine
By the time Ferdinand Marcos' second term began, sugar had become a critical Philippine export, responsible for 27% of the county's total dollar earnings.
However, the international price of sugar eventually crashed.[8][9] Quality of life and sugar production were intertwined, so lower production meant lower quality of life for thousands that relied on the industry for sustenance and financial stability. The NASUTRA monopoly forced many sugar planters into bankruptcy or deep in debt. In 1984, over 190,000 sugar workers lost their livelihood,[10][7] and about a million sacadas and their families in Negros suffered in what would later become known as the "Negros Famine."[11] The percentage of malnourished infants eventually went up to as high as 78%.[12] Negros Occidental's problem on malnourished infants gained global prominence among the press in 1985, as they ran covers on both, local and international newspapers.[13][14]
Maricalum mining disaster
The Province has a history of problems with mine pollution, one of the worst episodes being the tailings dam failure and spill of 28 million tonnes of copper mine tailings from a mine of the Maricalum company on November 8, 1982[15]
The Escalante Massacre
During the 1970s and 1980s,
Creation and abolition of Negros del Norte
Negros del Norte was created from Negros Occidental on January 3, 1986, but its creation was declared unconstitutional on July 11, 1986, and was immediately abolished on August 18, 1986.
Post EDSA Revolution
Towards the end of 1987, after the successful overthrow of the
Contemporary
On May 29, 2015, the
Geography
Negros Occidental is located in the western side of
The north and western parts of the province are largely composed of plains and gentle slopes. A mountain range lines the eastern part of the province, forming the basis of the border with Negros Oriental.
Administrative divisions
Negros Occidental comprises 19
- † Provincial capital and highly urbanized city
- ∗ Component city
- Municipality
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Demographics
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(excluding Bacolod) Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[26][27][27] |
The population of Negros Occidental in the 2020 census was 2,623,172 people,[2] with a density of 340 inhabitants per square kilometre or 880 inhabitants per square mile. If Bacolod is included for geographical and statistical purposes, the total population is 3,223,955 people, with a density of 384/km2 (995/sq mi).
Residents of Negros are called "
Negros Occidental is the second most-populous province in the Visayas after Cebu, having the second largest number of congressional districts and the 7th most-populous (4th if highly urbanized cities and independent component cities are included in the population of corresponding provinces) in the Philippines based on the 2015 Census.[30] As of 2010, the population of registered voters are 1,478,260.[31]
Religion
Economy
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Known as the "Sugarbowl of the Philippines", the sugar industry is the lifeblood of the economy of Negros Occidental, producing more than half of the country's sugar. There are 15 sugar centrals located throughout the lowland areas the north and west of the island, stretching from northwest along the coasts of the
A fishing industry is found in
The province is rich in mineral deposits. Minerals that abound in the province are primary copper with estimated reserve of 591 million metric tons and gold ore with estimated reserve of 25 million tons. Silver and molybdenum deposits are also abundant, as well as non-metallic minerals suitable for agricultural and industrial uses. Notwithstanding its great potential, the mining industry in Negros Occidental has remained virtually dormant since the biggest copper mine in Sipalay suspended its operation in 2000.
Bacolod is the center of commerce and finance in Negros Occidental. It has oil companies, factories, bottling plants, allied industrial businesses, steel fabrication, power generation, agri-businesses, prawn culture and other aqua-culture ventures.
It is also the
In 2012, a two-hectare portion of the four-hectare
By 2014, Negros Occidental is the province with the highest income in all of the Philippines, earning an average of P3.332 billion.[43][44]
Food and agriculture
Negros Occidental's output of more than 1 million metric tons for crop year 2002–2003 accounts for nearly half of the country's sugar production in an industry that generates an estimated annual revenue of more than ₱18 billion. There are 12 sugar mills in the province, of which only 10 are presently[
However, the volatility of the sugar industry forced the province to shift, albeit slowly, to other high-value crops and alternative industries. The diversification has proven to be highly successful. Production of rice, the basic commodity for food security, has been increasing. By 2003, annual output of 437 thousand metric tons of palay was 33% better than two years ago. This allowed the province to significantly raise its sufficiency level from 65% to more than 84%. The improvement could be attributed to the introduction and promotion of hybrid rice, which increased rice yields to 3.8 metric tons per hectare. Because of the success of the program, area planted to hybrid rice has increased nearly fivefold. The highest hybrid yield was recorded at 10.3 tons per hectare.
Corn also registered increasing gains. Production for 2003 of 42 thousand metric tons outperformed 2001 output by 18%. Average yield per hectare has also grown by 18%. Other fruit and vegetable crops, except for banana and cassava, likewise improved their harvest. Harvested coconut was placed at 139 million nuts, while production of banana; fruit and vegetable crops totaled 110 million kilograms. Livestock and poultry are industries where Negros Occidental has strongly diversified.
With the province successfully quarantined from the foot and mouth disease and bird flu, as well as with other endemic diseases under control, total production of livestock and poultry in 2003 of 49 thousand metric tons exceeded estimated local demand by 18%. Fishing is likewise an industry where the province has remained focused. After all, 9 of its cities and 16 of its municipalities are located along the coastline and a great portion of the population depends on fishing for their livelihood.
The area for exploitation by this industry is huge, covering most of the coastal areas and the rich fishing grounds of the Visayan Sea on the north, Sulu Sea on the south, Tañon Strait on the east and Guimaras Strait and Panay Gulf at the west. These rich coastal areas and fishing grounds continue to be generous to the people of Negros Occidental. In 2003, products from deep-sea fishing, municipal marine and inland waters, and aquaculture reached 87 thousand metric tons, 30% better than 2001 production.
Government
Congressional districts:
1st District:
2nd District:
3rd District:
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4th District:
5th District:
6th District:
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Lone District of Bacolod:
- Congressman: Greg Gasataya
Culture and arts
Negros Occidental has long been a center of culture and arts; the wealth brought about by the sugar industry made sure that the Negrense principalía enjoyed an above-average standard of living.
This blossoming in art was due to the economical importance of the area during the Spanish era, Negros became probably the most hispanized and pro-Spanish area, due to the enormous investments of Spain in the sugar business.
Another famous treasure of Negrense art heritage can be found in
The Negrenses' joie de vivre is manifest in the various festivals all over the province, foremost being the famous MassKara Festival of Bacolod, Pasalamat Festival of La Carlota, Bailes de Luces of La Castellana and Pintaflores Festival of San Carlos. These and other local festivals are featured during the Pana-ad sa Negros Festival staged every April at the 25-hectare (62-acre) tree-lined Panaad Stadium in Bacolod. Dubbed as the "Festival of Festivals", Pana-ad brings together the 13 cities and 19 towns in a showcase of history, arts and culture, tourism, trade, commerce and industry, beauty and talent as well as games and sports.
Negros Occidental is rich in structures and buildings that are remnants of a once affluent lifestyle. The Palacio Episcopal (1930), San Sebastian Cathedral (1876), and the Capitol Building (1931) are popular landmarks. In most towns, steam locomotives that used to cart sugarcane from the fields to refineries attract steam-engine enthusiasts from all over the world. There are also impressive churches all over the province, both built recently and during the Spanish era.
Festivals
Panaad sa Negros Festival
The Panaad sa Negros Festival, also called simply as the Panaad Festival (sometimes spelled as Pana-ad), is a festival held annually during the month of April in Bacolod, the capital of Negros Occidental province in the Philippines. Panaad is the Hiligaynon word for "vow" or "promise"; the festival is a form of thanksgiving to Divine Providence and commemoration of a vow in exchange for a good life. The celebration is held at the Panaad Park, which also houses the Panaad Stadium, and is participated in by the 13 cities and 19 towns of the province. For this reason, the province dubs it the "mother" of all its festivals.
The first Panaad sa Negros Festival was held at Capitol Park and Lagoon in a three-day affair in 1993 that started April 30. The festival was held at the lagoon fronting the Provincial Capitol for the first four years. As the festival grew each year, it became necessary to locate a more spacious venue. In 1997, the festival was held at the reclaimed area near where the Bredco Port is located today. The construction of the Panaad Stadium and sports complex paved the way for the establishment of the Panaad Park as the permanent home of the festival.
Negros Island Organic Farmers Festival
Negros Island is considered as the Organic Capital of the Philippines since it hosts the longest running organic festival in the Philippines. On August 4, 2005, the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental signed a Memorandum of Agreement to promote Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in the Island. Starting 2006, a Negros Island Organic Farmers Festival is held to showcase products of Negros Island and to promote organic agriculture.
Sports
Negros Occidental has produced a large number of athletes that have achieved success in both national and international circuits. The province is also well known for hosting national and international athletic events, which has given it a reputation as the sports capital of the Philippines.
Football
Negros Occidental has a long, entrenched history when it comes to football. The first ever Filipino to play in the European football circuit was Bacolod-born Manuel Amechazurra,[45] who joined FC Barcelona from 1905 to 1915.
The
Negros Occidental has its own football association:
Negros Occidental is also home of the 2013 PFF National Men's Club Champions,
Ceres-Negros FC is the Philippines Football League Champions in 2017 and 2018.
Boxing
Aside from hosting sporting events Negros Occidental has produced many of the nation's finest athletes, particularly in
It is also notable for producing Olympiads, Silver Medalist
Golf
Bacolod has two major golf courses. These are the Bacolod Golf and Country Club and the Negros Occidental Golf and Country Club. The city hosted the 61st Philippine Airlines Inter-club Golf Tournament and the 2008 Philippine Amateur Golf Championship.
Karatedo
Bacolod hosted two major karatedo championships, the 1996
Basketball
The province is home to two professional basketball teams: the Bacolod City of Smiles and Negros Muscovados, both playing in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League. It was also the home of the Negros Slashers of the Metropolitan Basketball Association
Bacolod hosted the 2008 PBA All-Star Weekend and has since become a regular venue for the Philippine Basketball Association's out-of-town games.
Mixed Martial Arts
Bacolod and its neighboring cities and towns are home to many mixed martial arts competitions including quarterly fights hosted by the Universal Reality Combat Championship (URCC).
Ceres-Negros F.C.
- 2018 - PFL Champion;
- 2017 - PFL Champion;
- 2017 - AFC Cup ASEAN Zone Champion;
- 2015 - UFL Division 1 Champion;
- 2014 - UFL FA League Cup Champion;
- 2014 - UFL Division 2 Champion;
- 2014 - PFF National Men's Club Champion;
- 2013 - PFF National Men's Club Champion;
- 2012 - Negros Men's Open Football Champion;
Infrastructure
Through its capital,
Bacolod–Silay Airport
On January 18, 2008, the new airport was inaugurated in
Kabankalan City Domestic Airport
A new airport designed to serve the general area of
Sipalay Airport
On August 3, 2017, Air Juan started to open flights to Sipalay City from Cebu and Iloilo. Flights from Cebu to Sipalay will be every Wednesday while Sipalay to Cebu on Sundays; Iloilo to Sipalay on Mondays and return on Thursdays. Sipalay Mayor Oscar C. Montilla, Jr. had been looking forward to having an airline company operate in the city to boost tourism. The small Sipalay airport with a 1,400-meter runway is located in a 10-hectare (25-acre) property of the local government. Negros Occidental Governor Alfredo G. Marañon, Jr. has committed to support the planned concreting of the runway.
Road network and accommodations
All cities and municipalities are linked by an extensive road and bridge network stretching more than 1,500 kilometers crisscrossing the province with seven alternative scenic routes to the nearby province of Negros Oriental. Within the province, travel is also easy, comfortable and even enjoyable with air-conditioned and non-aircon buses or metered taxis. Car rental services are also available. However, the jeepney is still the most common means of transport among the towns and cities. For accommodations, visitors may choose from a wide range of about 67 hotels, pension and lodging houses and tourist inns.
Energy and water
The province has adequate power and water supplies. It is currently interconnected to the Visayas Power Grid whose main sources of power are geothermal. Aside from its existing 170 megawatts capacity,
San Carlos City is going to play a major role in renewable energy as it will be the site of San Carlos Solar Energy INC.[48] It is a solar farm with an initial capacity of 13 MW in Phase 1, and a provision for an addition of 7 MW in Phase 2. It is intended to provide power to the grid throughout the year, at pre-determined Feed-In-Tariff rates set by the ERC. It is a DOE approved stand-alone solar power plant consisting of approximately 52,000 modules.
Communications and medical facilities
International direct dialing, fiber optic data lines and internet services are accessible in most areas of the province. Also, GSM, digital and analog cellular networks provide good coverage in Bacolod and other areas, including international roaming. The medical and health care needs of the people of Negros Occidental and its guests are presently being met by 20 government hospitals (which include the Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital in Bacolod and the Teresita Lopez Jalandoni Provincial Hospital in Silay) and 10 private hospitals, as well as several city and municipal health centers, barangay health stations and day-care centers.
Banking, finance and accessibility
Banking and finance is likewise a thriving industry in Negros Occidental. According to the latest count, there are 389 financial institutions competing for businesses in the province. 149 of these are banks. Negros Occidental offers several advantages for those who are doing business in the province. It is strategically located near Metro Manila, Metro Cebu and Metro Davao, all major international gateways with maximum travel time of only about 4 hours between the Philippines and its neighbors in Southeast Asia. It is equipped with major infrastructure facilities for easy travel and shipment of goods within and outside of Negros.
It has information and communication facilities with connection capabilities necessary for, among others, call center operations for business communication and transmission of data. The province has abundant water supply and dependable power supply. Modern health care facilities with medical services are available, as well as academic institutions.
Landmarks
Panaad Park and Sports Complex
The
The stadium is also the home of Panaad sa Negros Festival, a week-long celebration participated in by all cities and municipalities in the province held annually every summer. The festival is highlighted by merry-making and field demonstrations at the stadium. The stadium itself features replicas of the landmarks of the 13 cities and municipalities of Negros Occidental.
Capitol Park and Lagoon
The Capitol Park and Lagoon is a provincial park located right in the heart of Bacolod, Negros Occidental, in the Philippines. One of the landmarks of the park is the statue of a carabao (water buffalo) being pulled by a woman. This statue is located at the northern end of the lagoon. On the other end, there is also another carabao sculpture but the figure is being pulled by a man.
Local everyday activities in the park include jogging, aerobics, school dance rehearsals, promenaders, arnisadors, and martial arts practitioners.
Fountain of Justice
The Fountain of Justice is a historic landmark in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines. It marks the location where the house of Jose Ruiz de Luzurriaga used to stand. It was in this house that the surrender of Bacolod by Spanish authorities to the Filipino forces of General Aniceto Lacson took place on November 6, 1898, during the Negros Revolution.
Bacolod Public Plaza
The Bacolod Public Plaza is one of the notable landmarks of Bacolod, the capital of Negros Occidental, Philippines. It is located in the heart of the downtown area, near the city hall and across from the San Sebastian Cathedral. The plaza is a trapezoidal park with a belt of trees around the periphery and a gazebo at the center. Scattered within the trees are four circular fountains.
The plaza was constructed in 1927 as a place for recreation, political, spiritual and cultural activities. It is quite a popular site for outdoor picnics and concerts. The gazebo is often used to house a bandstand.
Balay Negrense
The Balay Negrense was originally the ancestral house of Victor F. Gaston, a son of Yves Leopold Germain Gaston and Prudencia Fernandez. The elder Gaston is credited as one of the pioneers of sugarcane cultivation in this portion of the Philippine archipelago. A native of Normandy in France, he married a Filipina from Batangas where he initially began experimenting with sugar production before relocating to Negros.
Built in 1897, the structure housed Victor Gaston and his twelve children from 1901 until his death in 1927. Left unused by the family, the structure was abandoned in the mid-1970s and fell into disrepair until a group of concerned Negrenses formed what would later become the Negros Cultural Foundation and managed to acquire the house from the heirs of Gaston through a donation. With donations from prominent individuals and later the Department of Tourism, the structure was repaired and furnished with period furniture and fixtures. The museum was officially inaugurated on October 6, 1990.
Mariano Ramos Ancestral House
The Mariano Ramos Ancestral House is the home of the late Don Mariano V. Ramos, the son of Agaton Ramos and Dolores Varela, was the first appointed Presidente Municipal of Bacolod, Philippines. It was built in the 1930s and its architecture is a combination of Castilian and Tuscan and has three storeys, including the tower room, known as the torre.
During World War II, Don Mariano's Ancestral house was the most prominent structure with a view over the whole city. The commanding Japanese general was disguised as a family gardener. As the war broke, the Japanese seized the Mariano Ramos Ancestral house in order to use it as a watchtower and as a headquarters.
San Diego Pro-cathedral
The San Diego Pro-cathedral, formerly known as the San Diego Parish Church or the St. Didacus Parish Church before its declaration as a
The Ruins
The mansion dates back to the 1900s when it was built by sugar baron Don Mariano Ledesma Lacson for his first wife, Maria Braga, a Portuguese from Macau whom he met in his vacations in Hong Kong. The mansion's structure is of Italianate architecture enhanced by a belvedere complete with renaissance-type balustrading typical of the homes of English ship captains. It was burned down in World War II to prevent the Japanese from using it. It was opened to the public by descendants of the original owner and is listed as among the World's 12 most fascinating ruins.[49]
Paglaum Sports Complex
The
Negros Occidental Multi-Purpose Activity Center
The
Education
There are 1,318 schools in the province; 53 are registered technical schools including the
Universities and colleges
Universities
- Carlos Hilado Memorial State University – Main Campus, Talisay City
- Carlos Hilado Memorial State University – Alijis Campus, Bacolod
- Carlos Hilado Memorial State University – Fortune Towne Campus, Bacolod
- Carlos Hilado Memorial State University – College of Fisheries, Binalbagan
- Central Philippines State University – Main Campus (Kabankalan)
- Candoni Campus
- Cauayan Campus
- Sipalay Campus
- Hinigaran Campus
- San Carlos Campus
- Victorias Campus
- Ilog Campus
- Hinoba-an Campus
- Moises Padilla Campus
- National University Bacolod
- State University of Northern Negros – Main Campus (Sagay City)
- State University of Northern Negros – School of Nursing Campus (Cadiz)
- State University of Northern Negros – Calatrava Campus
- State University of Northern Negros – Escalante Campus
- Philippine Normal University Visayas (Cadiz)
- STI West Negros University
- Technological University of the Philippines Visayas, Talisay City Campus
- Technological University of the Philippines Visayas, Sagay City Extension Campus
- Technological University of the Philippines Visayas, Cadiz Extension Campus
- University of Saint La Salle
- University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos
- West Visayas State University – Himamaylan City Campus
Colleges
- ABE International Business College – Bacolod Campus
- AMA Computer College – Bacolod Campus
- Aeronavigation Academy International Philippines, Inc.
- Asian College of Aeronautics – Main Campus (Bacolod)
- Bacolod Christian College of Negros
- Bacolod City College
- Bago City College
- Binalbagan Catholic College
- Cabarrus Catholic College
- Central Negros College
- Central Philippine Adventist College
- Colegio de Santa Ana de Victorias
- Colegio de Santa Rita de San Carlos, Inc.
- Colegio de Santo Tomas – Recoletos
- Colegio San Agustin – Bacolod
- College of Arts & Sciences of Asia & the Pacific– Bacolod Campus
- Convention Baptist Bible College
- FAST Aviation Academy, Inc. – Bacolod
- Fellowship Baptist College
- Fortress College
- John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation – Bacolod
- Kabankalan Catholic College
- La Carlota City College
- La Consolacion College Bacolod
- La Consolacion College Isabela
- La Consolacion College Murcia
- LaSalTech, Inc.
- LaSalTech - Bacolod
- LaSalTech - Cadiz
- LaSalTech - Kabankalan
- LaSalTech - La Carlota
- Mapúa Malayan Digital College – Learning Hub Bacolod
- Mount Carmel College of Escalante, Inc.
- Negros Occidental Language and Information Technology Center (NOLITC)
- Our Lady of Mercy College – Bacolod
- Riverside College, Inc.
- Sacred Heart Seminary and Shrine - Bacolod
- St. Scholastica's Academy - Bacolod
- Southland College
- Tañon College
- VMA Global College
Media
Modern communication facilities, as well as radio, television and newspapers, are available in the province. Most are provided by dominant national players in the industry like
Bacolod is noted for being the home of the Negros Summer Workshops, founded by multi-award-winning filmmaker and Negrense Peque Gallaga. Founded in 1991, Workshops has long been training students from different parts of the country who wish to learn courses in film-making, acting, writing, and more. Some of its alumni include actors in mainstream Philippine show business.
Negros Occidental has also been used as a setting and location shoot for various films and television shows, most notable of which is the 1981 epic Oro, Plata, Mata where Hacienda Rosalia is the setting. Recent films that were set and filmed in Negros are Ligaw Liham (2007), Namets! (2008), and Everyday I Love You (2015).
There are two regional newscast programs in Bacolod: TV Patrol Negros (ABS-CBN Bacolod) and One Western Visayas (GMA Bacolod, simulcasting from GMA Iloilo).
Notable personalities
See also
- Capitol Park and Lagoon
- Diocese of Bacolod
- Diocese of Kabankalan
- Diocese of San Carlos (Philippines)
- Northern Negros Natural Park
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- ^ Agency, Philippine News (May 1, 2015). "President Aquino unveils P674-M Negros First Cyber Centre". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
- ^ Adiong, Eugene (May 28, 2014). "Negros First CyberCentre area now a commercial zone". Panay News. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
- ^ Dangcalan, Danny (November 24, 2015). "Cebu richest in equity, Negros highest income earner". The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
- ^ Ellera, Teresa (November 23, 2015). "Negros Occidental hits P3.3B income; highest among PH provinces in 2014". SunStar Bacolod. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- ^ Lill, Felix; Sauras, Javier (March 1, 2014). "The Street Dogs of Manila". The Blizzard. Sunderland, United Kingdom: theBlizzard.co.uk. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ PKF and POF National Karatedo Winners,Team Jack & Jill School Archived February 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Sunstar September 26, 2007
- ^ Karatedo Winners,NOKAF Karatedo, Visayan Daily Star September 17, 2007, edition
- ^ "San Carlos Solar Energy". www.sacasol.com. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- ^ "12 of the World's Most Fascinating Ruins - Amazing, ruins, ancient - Oddee". oddee.com. May 15, 2009. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
External links
- Negros Occidental travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Media related to Negros Occidental at Wikimedia Commons
- Geographic data related to Negros Occidental at OpenStreetMap
- Official Website of the Provincial Government of Negros Occidental
- Local Governance Performance Management System
- ExperienceNegros Travel & Lifestyle