Nehemiah 9

Nehemiah 9 is the ninth chapter of the

The original text of this chapter is in the Hebrew language. In English Bibles this chapter is divided into 38 verses, but only 37 verses in the Hebrew Bible, with verse 9:38 in English texts numbered as 10:1 in Hebrew texts.^[6]

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[7][a]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century).^[9]

A time of mourning (9:1–5a)

The Jewish community at this time determined to sincerely follow God and to become a holy people, so they gathered in a 'demonstration of mourning, confession and [praising] God'.^[10]

Verse 1

Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackclothes, and earth upon them.^[11]

The month was

This section records the prayer of praise and petition offered by the Levites on behalf of the people to appeal for the grace of God.^[13] With the Persians presumably listening, the mentioned historical events are certainly not arbitrarily selected, as the prayer is making some strong statements:

• (1) The land is given to the Jews by God, thus outside Persian authority
• (2) This Jewish claim is 'based on God's sanction, not Persia's'
• (3) The claim is prior to Persian claims.^[14]

Verse 29

And testified against them,

That You might bring them back to Your law.

Yet they acted proudly,

And did not heed Your commandments,

But sinned against Your judgments,

‘Which if a man does, he shall live by them.’

And they shrugged their shoulders,

Stiffened their necks,

And would not hear.^[15]

• "Testified against them": or "admonished them."^[16]
• "Proudly": or"presumptuously."^[17]
• "If a man does": Hebrew: "if a man keep",
  Nehemiah 1:5).^[18]
• "They shrugged their shoulders": Hebrew: "they gave a stubborn shoulder", NET Bible: "they boldly turned from you".[19]
• "Stiffened their necks": or "became stubborn",^[20] NET Bible: "rebelled".^[21]

The pledge of the people (9:38)

It is a tradition in the ancient Middle-East that a document (covenant, agreement) should always be authenticated by a seal or any number of seals.^[22] For example, Babylonian and Assyrian documents were often found ‘stamped with half a dozen seals or more’, which ‘were impressed upon the moist clay, and then the clay was baked’.^[22][23]

Verse 38

And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal unto it.^[24]

• "We make a sure covenant": from Hebrew: כרתים אמנה, kō-rə-ṯîm ’ă-mā-nāh, "we make ("we are cutting")^[25] a sure (covenant)",^[26] NET Bible: "we are entering into a binding covenant".^[25]
• "And write it": Hebrew: "and writing", NET Bible: "in written form".^[27]

See also

• Jerusalem
• Manna
• Ur of the Chaldees
• Related
  Exodus 17, Ezra 9, Ezra 10

References