Nemean Games
The Nemean Games (Greek: Νέμεα or Νέμεια) were one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, and were held at Nemea every two years (or every third).
With the
History
The various legends concerning its origin are related in the argumenta of the
Pindar stated that the games were afterwards celebrated in honor of Zeus.
Regarding the time of year the Nemean Games were celebrated, the scholiast on Pindar
The Hellenistic Stadion (with a vaulted entrance tunnel dated to about 320 BC, according to
The program of the Nemean Games
The Gymnic Part
The participants to these parts competed in the
- The Stadion – A foot race which was about 178 meters at Nemea.
- The Stadion foot race, about 355 meters at Nemea.
- The Hippios – Twice the Diaulos foot race, about 710 meters at Nemea.[13]
- The
- The Hoplitodromos – A Diaulos foot race with the competitors wearing helmets, a bronze covered aspis and initially metal greaves.
- The Pyx – A boxing-like contest. In order to protect themselves and to do more damage the opponents bound their hands and wrists with long leather strips. The first to be knocked out or to acknowledge defeat would lose.
- The Pankration – A blend of boxing and wrestling with very few rules. Again, the first to be knocked out or to acknowledge defeat would lose.
- The Pale– Wrestling from an upright position. The goal was to throw the opponent on the ground three times.
- The pale, javelin-throwing, discus-throwing and long-jump.
The equestrian part
Taking place in a hippodrome, these were the only events where women could take part,[15] not because they were allowed to ride, but because it was the owner of a horse or chariot rather than the rider or charioteer who was considered the victor. This even allowed cities to participate by funding equestrian teams.
So far no ancient hippodrome has been recovered, so the given lengths are assumptions.
- The Tethripponchariots, with four horses racing a distance of 8400 meters or 5.25 miles.
- The Synorischariots, with two horses racing a distance of 5600 meters or 3.5 miles.
- The Kélēs, a horseback race over a distance of 4200 meters or 2.5 miles.
Modern Nemean Games re-enactment
The Society for the Revival of the Nemean Games was founded in 1994, after more than 20 years of archaeological excavation at Nemea. The contemporary games are more of a re-enactment than an actual sporting event,[16] held every four years since 1996, are a form of popular education in history, as well as a counter to the commercialism of the modern Olympics. Races are organized according to age and gender, open to international participation. No medals are awarded, only crowns of palm branches and wild celery.
In 2008, some 600 people clad in tunics raced barefoot in the ruins of the ancient stadium on 21 June. Two races were staged for the runners aged from 10 to 80, one of 100 metres (110 yards) and the other of 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi). The most striking feature of this attempt was the revival of the Hoplitodromos race.
The last Nemead was held on 11 and 12 June 2016.
See also
Notes
- ^ Pausanias, ii. 15. §2, etc.
- ^ Apollodorus, iii. 6. §4
- ^ Pindar, Nem. iii. 114, etc.
- ^ Strabo, viii.
- ^ Apollodorus, iii. 6
- ^ Pausanias, ii. 15. §2
- ^ Pausanias, viii. 50. §3; Plutarch, Philop. 11.
- ^ Pausanias, viii. 40. §3
- ^ Scholiast on Pindar, Argum. ad Nem.
- ^ Pausanias, ii. 15. §2
- ^ Livy, xxvii. 30, etc.; Polybius, x. 26
- ^ Livy, xxxiv. 41; Polybius, x. 26.
- ^ Evidence suggests this race wasn't held always.
- ^ See J. Jüthner, Die athletische Leibesübungen der Griechen (1968) for a discussion of the classical sources.
- ^ After the Romans conquered Greece, women could no longer participate.
- ^ perlman, david. "Dusting Off Ancient Games / Temple of Zeus at Nemea holds secrets of contests, Berkeley archaeologist discovers". sfgate.
References
- William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, (1870)
- Stephen G. Miller, Nemea: A Guide to the Site and the Museum, Berkeley, 1989 (2nd ed.: Athens, 2004).
- Stephen G. Miller (with contributions by Robert C. Knapp and David Chamberlain), Excavations at Nemea II: The Early Hellenistic Stadium, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.
External links
- The Nemean Games, official site of The Society for the Revival of the Nemean Games.
- [1], Opheltis e-book.