Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a revival of film noir, a genre that had originally flourished during and after World War II in the United States—roughly from 1940 to 1960. The French term film noir[1] translates literally to English as "dark film" or “black film”, because they were quite dark both in lighting and in sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Definition
The neologism neo-noir, using the Greek prefix for the word new, is defined by Mark Conard as "any film coming after the classic noir period that contains noir themes and noir sensibility".[2] Another definition describes it as later noir that often synthesizes diverse genres while foregrounding the scaffolding of film noir.[3]
History
"Film noir" was coined by critic Nino Frank in 1946 and popularized by French critics Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton in 1955.[1] The term revived in general use beginning in the 1980s, with a revival of the style.
The classic film noir era is usually dated from the early 1940s to the late 1950s. The films were often adaptations of American crime novels, which were also described as "hardboiled". Some authors resisted these terms. For example, James M. Cain, author of The Postman Always Rings Twice (1934) and Double Indemnity (1944), is considered to be one of the defining authors of hard-boiled fiction. Both novels were adapted as crime films, the former more than once. Cain is quoted as saying, "I belong to no school, hard-boiled or otherwise, and I believe these so-called schools exist mainly in the imagination of critics, and have little correspondence in reality anywhere else."[4]
Characteristics
Neo-noir film directors refer to 'classic noir' in the use of
Typically American
Few major films in the classic film noir genre have been made since the early 1960s. These films usually incorporated both thematic and visual elements reminiscent of film noir. Both classic and neo-noir films are often produced as
After 1970, film critics took note of "neo-noir" films as a separate genre. Noir and post-noir terminology (such as "hard-boiled", "neo-classic" and the like) are often rejected by both critics and practitioners.
Robert Arnett stated, "Neo-noir has become so amorphous as a genre/movement, any film featuring a detective or crime qualifies."[7] Screenwriter and director Larry Gross identifies Jean-Luc Godard's Alphaville, alongside John Boorman's Point Blank (1967) and Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973), based on Raymond Chandler's 1953 novel, as neo-noir films. Gross believes that they deviate from classic noir in having more of a sociological than a psychological focus.[8] Neo noir features characters who commit violent crimes, but without the motivations and narrative patterns found in film noir.[3]
Neo noir assumed global character and impact when filmmakers began drawing elements from films in the global market. For instance, Quentin Tarantino's works have been influenced by Ringo Lam's 1987 classic City on Fire.[9] This was particularly the case for the noir-inflected Reservoir Dogs, which was instrumental in establishing Tarantino in October 1992.[10]
This[
See also
- Arthouse action film
- Indiewood
- List of neo-noir films
- Maximalist film
- Minimalist film
- Modernist film
- Mystery film
- New Hollywood
- Postmodernist film
- Pulp noir
- Tech noir
- Vulgar auteurism
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0872864122.
- ^ Mark Conard. The Philosophy of Neo-noir. The Univ of Kentucky Press, 2007, p2.
- ^ ISBN 9780748691104.
- ISBN 0-442-23140-7.
- ^ What is Neo Noir? Definition and Essential Examples – No Film School
- ISBN 9781906660178.
- S2CID 190713884.
- ^ "Where to begin with neo-noir". British Film Institute. Retrieved 2017-08-17.
- ISBN 0292701845.
- ISBN 0748621865.
- ^ Collinson, Gary (October 24, 2014). "An interview with Derek Kolstad, screenwriter of John Wick". Flickering Myth. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
- ^ "Chad Stahelski & David Leitch, longtime stunt coordinators & performers, founders of 87Eleven Action Design, and the filmmakers responsible for the new Keanu Reeves action-thriller John Wick... Ask us anything!". Reddit. September 30, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ^ "John Wick Directors Talk World-Building & Not Killing a Dog in the Sequel". PixMovies. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
External links
- Arnett, Robert (Fall 2006). "Eighties Noir: The Dissenting Voice in Reagan's America". S2CID 190713884.
- Conard, Mark T. (2007). The Philosophy of Neo-noir. Lexington, Ky.: The University Press of Kentucky. .
- Hirsch, Foster (1999). Detours and Lost Highways: A Map of Neo-Noir. New York: Proscenium Publishers. .
- Martin, Richard (1997). Mean Streets and Raging Bulls: The Legacy of Film Noir in Contemporary American Cinema. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3337-9.
- Snee, Brian J. (July 2009). "Soft-boiled Cinema: Joel and Ethan Coens' Neo-classical Neo-noirs". Literature/Film Quarterly. 37 (3).