Neoptera

Neopterans Temporal range: Late Carboniferous–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Bees (order Hymenoptera) can fold their wings over their abdomens, like other Neopterans.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Subclass:	Pterygota
Infraclass:	Neoptera Martynov, 1923
Subgroups
Eumetabola Holometabola Paraneoptera Polyneoptera

Neoptera (

" assemblage), which are unable to flex their wings in this way.

Classification

The taxon Neoptera was proposed by А.М. Martynov in 1923 and 1924, in the following classification:^[1][2]

Pterygota

• division Palaeoptera
  • order Odonata
  • order Agnatha (correct name:
    Ephemeroptera
    )
  • †order
    Dictyoneuridea
  • †order Megasecoptera
  • †order Meganisoptera
  • †order
    Protephemeroidea
• division Neoptera
  • superorder
    Endopterygota
    • order
      Coleoptera
    • order Strepsiptera
    • order Neuroptera
    • order
      Raphidioptera
    • order Megaloptera
    • order
      Diptera
    • order Mecoptera
    • order
      Trichoptera
    • order Lepidoptera
    • order Hymenoptera
  • subdivision Polyneoptera
    • superorder Orthopteroidea (Anartioptera)
      • order Orthoptera
      • order Plecoptera
      • order
        Dermaptera
      • order Embioptera
      • order Phasmatodea
    • superorder Blattopteroidea (senior name: Pandictyoptera)
      • order Blattodea
      • order
        Mantodea
    • subdivision Paraneoptera
      • order Hemiptera
        • suborder Auchenorrhyncha
        • suborder Coleorrhyncha
        • suborder Heteroptera
        • suborder Sternorrhyncha
      • subdivision Oligoneoptera

The order

originally had uncertain systematic position, and later was attributed to Paraneoptera. Other classifications were proposed, subordinating Neoptera either directly to Pterygota (as in Martynov's classification), or to Metapterygota:

• Pterygota Gegenbaur 1878
  • Ephemeroptera
    Hyatt & Arms 1890
  • Metapterygota Börner 1909
    • Odonata Fabricius 1793
    • Neoptera Martynov 1923

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Neoptera is shown in the

Neoptera

Polyneoptera Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) Grylloblattodea (ice crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Embioptera (webspinners) Dictyoptera Mantodea (mantises) Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) Eumetabola Paraneoptera Condylognatha Thysanoptera (thrips) Hemiptera (true bugs) lice) Holometabola Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps) Aparaglossata Neuropteroidea Neuropterida Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Megaloptera (alderflies and allies) Neuroptera (lacewings and allies) Coleopterida Coleoptera (beetles) Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites) Panorpida Amphiesmenoptera Trichoptera (caddisflies) Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) Antliophora Diptera (true flies) Mecoptera (scorpionflies) Siphonaptera (fleas) (Endopterygota)

References

External links

• Media related to Neoptera at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Neoptera at Wikispecies