Nepherites I

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Nepherites I
Nefaarud I, Nayfaurud I
Louvre museum, A 26[1]
Pharaoh
Reign399–393 BC
PredecessorAmyrtaeus
SuccessorHakor
Royal titulary
Horus name
Aa-ib
Of Great Mind[2]
G5
O29VF34
Golden Horus
Setep-netjeru
Chosen by the gods[2]
G8
U21R8A
Prenomen  (Praenomen)
Ba-en-re Mery-netjeru
Soul of Re, Beloved of the Gods[2]
M23L2
N5E10
N35		 R8A
N36
Nomen
Nef-aa-rud
The Great Ones prosper[2]
G39N5
N35
G1s		 Z4f
O29
Z7 Z2ss		 T12
ChildrenHakor
Died393 BC[3]
BurialMendes?
Dynasty29th Dynasty

Nefaarud I or Nayfaurud I, better known with his hellenised name Nepherites I, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the founder of the 29th Dynasty in 399 BC.

Reign

Accession

It is believed that Nepherites was a general from the

26th Dynasty - is thought to demonstrate that he wanted to associate his rule with an earlier 'golden age' of Egyptian history.[6]

Activities

According to Manetho, Nepherites I ruled for six years, although his highest archaeologically attested date is his regnal year 4.[5]

Evidence of Nepherites' building work has been found in a number of locations across the country. In Lower Egypt, he is attested at Thmuis, Tell Roba, Buto (where a statue of him has been found[7]), Memphis, Saqqara (where an Apis burial took place in his regnal year 2) and his capital and hometown Mendes. In Middle and Upper Egypt, he ordered a chapel at Akoris while at Akhmim, near Sohag, there is evidence of the worship of a statue of him which was placed inside a naos. He also added some buildings at Karnak such as a storeroom and a shrine meant to house a sacred bark.[6][5] A basalt sphinx with his name is now located in the Louvre, but it was known to have been brought to Europe as early as the 16th century, having adorned a fountain at the Villa Borghese gardens, Rome.[8]

In foreign affairs, he resumed the policy of Egyptian intervention in the Middle East. As reported by

triremes. However, the cargo reached Rhodes just after the Persians managed to retake the island, so it was entirely seized by the philo-Persian admiral Conon of Athens.[9][10]

Death and succession

A shabti of Nepherites I

Nepherites I died during the winter of 394/393 BC after a six-year reign.[5] The Demotic Chronicle simply states that "his son" was allowed to succeed him, without providing any name. Nowadays it is generally believed that Nepherites' son was Hakor, who ruled after him for only a year before being overthrown by an apparently unrelated claimant, Psammuthes; Hakor, however, was able to retake the throne the following year.[11]

Possible tomb

A tomb believed to be that of Nepherites was discovered by a joint team from the

Hatmehyt.[14]

See also

  • Muthis – A conjectural pharaoh, once believed to be Nepherites I's son.

References

  1. ^ Sphinx of Nepherites I - A 26
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-500-28628-0
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-90-04-13674-8
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-9652457-8-4
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-0-631-17472-1
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-280458-7
    .
  7. ^ Gabra, G. (1981). "A lifesize statue of Nepherites I from Buto", SAK 9, pp. 119-23
  8. ^ Royal Sphinx with the name of the Pharaoh Achoris. The Louvre. n.d. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  9. ISBN 978-0-87586-544-7
    .
  10. ^ Gardiner, Alan (1961). Egypt of the Pharaohs: an introduction. Oxford: University Press. p. 374.
  11. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
    , 72: 149-158.
  12. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-512633-4
    .
  13. ISBN 978-0-7103-0460-5
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0-19-957145-1
    . Retrieved 4 July 2014.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nepherites I.
Nepherites I
Born:  ? Died: 393 BC
Preceded by Pharaoh of Egypt
399–393 BC 		Succeeded by
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