Nervous system disease
Nervous system disease | |
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Specialty | Neurology |
Nervous system diseases, also known as nervous system or neurological disorders, refers to a small class of
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms can vary depending on the condition. Given the significance of the nervous system in human physiology, symptoms can involve other organ systems and result in motor dysfunction, sensory impairment, pain, etc.
Causes
Genetic
Some nervous system diseases are due to genetic
Congenital/developmental defect
Developing babies can have birth defects that affect the formation of the nervous system.[5] For example, Anencephaly (or spina bifida) causes abnormalities in the nervous system due to neural tube defects.[5]
Cancer
Specialized cells in the central nervous system, such as glial cells, may proliferate abnormally and form gliomas.[6] Glioblastoma is an aggressive form of glioma.[7]
Infection
Pathogens like fungi, bacteria, and viruses can affect the nervous system.[8] For example, meningitis is a common infection of the central nervous system, where bacterial or viral infections cause an inflammation of the meninges.[9]
Seizure disorder
It is suspected that seizures occur because of synchronized brain activity.[10] Epilepsy, for example, is characterized by an abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which causes repeated seizures.[11]
Vascular
The brain is rich in blood vessels because it requires a lot of nutrients and oxygen.[12] A stroke may result from a blood clot or hemorrhage.[13]
Degenerative
A neurodegenerative disease is a disease that causes damage to neurons. Examples of neurodegenerative disease include
Anatomy
Central nervous system (CNS)
According to Tim Newman, the central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, it collects information from the entire body and it also controls functions throughout the entire body.[20]
Brain
Newman's research also shows that the brain is the most complex organ in the entire body. The brain is split up into 4 lobes: the temporal, parietal the occipital, and the frontal.The brain has over 100 billion neurons and it uses about 20% of the body's oxygen.[21]
Spinal cord
The spinal cord runs through most of the back. The spinal cord contains a total of 31 spinal nerves in between each vertebra. The nerves connect to the peripheral nervous system.[20]
Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system connects to the muscles and glands and sends information to the central nervous system.[22]
Diagnosis
There are a number of different tests that can be used to diagnose neurological disorders.
Lumbar puncture
A lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is a procedure where a hollow needle is inserted into the
Treatments
The treatments for nervous system disorders varies depending on the condition, and can include interventions such as medication, surgery, and therapy.
See also
References[23]
- ^ "Nervous System Diseases – Neurologic Diseases". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- S2CID 49530265.
- ^ ISBN 9781605357430.
- ^ PMID 23097374.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
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- S2CID 96435953.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- S2CID 220112630.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ^ PMID 29483778.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ISBN 9781605357430.
- ^ a b "Central nervous system: Structure, function, and diseases". Medical News Today. 22 December 2017.
- ^ "Central nervous system: Structure, function, and diseases". 22 December 2017.
- ^ "Peripheral Nervous System". www.indiana.edu.
- ^ "Nervous System Side Effects". Cancer.Net. 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2019-04-05.