Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
Netherlands |
United Kingdom |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Ambassador Joanna Roper |
The Netherlands and the United Kingdom have a strong political and economic partnership.[1]
Over forty Dutch towns and cities are twinned with British towns and cities.[2] Both English and Dutch are West Germanic languages, with West Frisian, a minority language in the Netherlands, being the closest relative of the English language if one excludes Scots. In addition, between 90%[3] and 93%[4] of people in the Netherlands claim to speak English, although a negligible percentage of British people can speak Dutch.
The Netherlands has an embassy in London,[5] and the United Kingdom has an embassy in The Hague.[1] The UK also has a consulate in Willemstad, Curaçao.[6]
There are also strong ties[clarification needed] between the UK's overseas territory of Anguilla and the nearby Sint Maarten of the Netherlands. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and NATO. the Netherlands is a European Union member and the United Kingdom is a former European Union member.
History
Early Modern Relations
In the mid-seventeenth century, after the Dutch had made peace in their
The
Glorious Revolution
The
The crisis besetting King James II came to a head in 1688, when the King fathered a son,
The invasion ended all attempts by England, in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century, to subdue the Dutch Republic by military force. However, the personal union and the co-operation between the English and Dutch navies shifted the dominance in world trade from the Republic to England and then to the 18th century Kingdom of Great Britain.
Eight Articles of London
The
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 (also known as the Convention of London) was signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 13 August 1814. It was signed by Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, for the British and Hendrik Fagel for the Dutch.
The treaty returned the colonial possessions of the Dutch as they were at 1 January 1803 before the outbreak of the
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (one of several), was signed between the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in London in March 1824. The treaty sought to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the UK, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn.[13]
World War II
During
A few Dutch pilots escaped and joined the
Political relationship
The United Kingdom and the Netherlands are both countries that are run under a constitutional monarchy. King
The United Kingdom and the Netherlands co-operate on a project to help people living in the developing world adapt to climate change.[15]
The Infrared Astronomical Satellite was the first-ever space-based observatory to perform a survey of the entire sky at infrared wavelengths. Launched in 1983, its mission lasted ten months. The telescope was a joint project of the Netherlands (NIVR), and the United Kingdom (SERC) as well as the USA.
While commenting on British-Dutch relations Doug Henderson stated in 1997 that:
We like fair play and straightforwardness (direct honesty). We have a deep interest and a sense of responsibility for what goes on in the wider world. We both share a commitment to global trade and have both traditionally promoted strong trans-Atlantic links. Furthermore, as former colonial powers, we both have important international interests.[16]
His Dutch counterpart Frits Bolkestein responded by saying:
In the past the Netherlands was a staunch supporter of British entry into the European community. Apart from feeling sympathy for the British people, this was motivated by our common value and interests, such as long-standing and deeply-rooted democratic tradition, the Atlantic outlook, the free market orientation and three large multinational companies, such as Royal Dutch Shell, Unilever and Reckitt Benckiser, with a common Anglo-Dutch origin.[16]
Economic partnership
Twinnings
- Alkmaar, North Holland and Bath, Somerset
- Almelo, Overijssel and Preston, Lancashire
- Almere, Flevoland and Milton Keynes (and associated town with the City of Lancaster)
- Amstelveen, North Holland and Woking, Surrey
- Amsterdam, North Holland and Manchester, Greater Manchester
- Arnhem, Gelderland and Airdrie, North Lanarkshire
- Arnhem, Gelderland and Croydon, Greater London
- Maldon, Essex
- Delft, South Holland and Kingston upon Thames, Greater London
- Dordrecht, South Holland and Hastings, East Sussex
- Gouda, South Holland and Gloucester, Gloucestershire
- Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear
- Heemstede, North Holland and Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire
- Haaren, North Brabant and Desborough, Northamptonshire
- Hellevoetsluis, South Holland and Torbay, Devon
- Leiden, South Holland and Oxford, Oxfordshire
- Meerssen, Limburg and Sherborne, Dorset
- Rotterdam, South Holland and Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire
- Stampersgat, North Brabant and Cheltenham, Gloucestershire
- Zutphen, Gelderland and Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Armed forces
The Royal Marines and Netherlands Marine Corps are allied through a 'Bond of friendship'.
Since 1973, units of the Netherlands Marine Corps have formed part of the
The co-operation between the Korps Mariniers and the Royal Marines has led to extensive integration in the areas of operations, logistics and materials. Within NATO this is seen as a prime example of what can be achieved in military integration.
In combined NLMC and Royal Marines actions by the British and Dutch navies during the
The nickname of the Dutch Marines among their British Royal Marine counterparts is "Cloggies", a reference to the historic wearing of
Resident diplomatic missions
- the Netherlands has an embassy in London as well as a network of honorary consulates throughout the UK, Guernsey, Gibraltar and Bermuda.
- United Kingdom has an embassy and a consulate-general in The Hague and honorary consulates in Willemstad and Philipsburg, Sint Maarten.
-
Embassy of the Netherlands in London
-
Embassy of the United Kingdom in The Hague
See also
- Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
- Foreign relations of the Netherlands
- List of diplomats from the United Kingdom to the Netherlands
- Dutch people in the United Kingdom
- List of Dutch Britons
- United Kingdom–European Union relations
- Germany–United Kingdom relations
- Germany–Netherlands relations
References
- ^ a b "British Embassy The Hague – GOV.UK". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ "Country Profile: Netherlands". fco.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "European Union" (PDF). Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ ""English in the Netherlands: Functions, forms and attitudes" p. 316 and onwards" (PDF). wordpress.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse. "The United Kingdom". www.netherlands-embassy.org.uk. Archived from the original on 10 January 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "Worldwide organisations". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ Godwin, William (1827). History of the Commonwealth of England Vol. 3. H. Colburn. pps.372–382.
- ^ "The First Anglo-Dutch War". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ "History in the making: The Glorious Revolution of 1688-91 was really a". The Independent. 28 December 1992. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- New Style" means the start of year is adjusted to 1 January. Events on the European mainland are usually given using the Gregorian calendar, while events in Great Britain and Ireland are usually given using the Julian calendar with the year adjusted to 1 January. Dates with no explicit Julian or Gregorian postscript will be using the same calendar as the last date with an explicit postscript.
- ^ Barry Coward, The Stuart Age (1980) 298–302
- ^ Colenbrander, p. LXX, fn. 1
- ^ "traktaat van Londen, 1824". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ Neal Wigglesworth, Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (Psychology Press, 1990)
- ^ "European Commission : CORDIS : News and Events : UK and Netherlands launch climate change adaptation study". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ ISBN 9789053564714. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ "Too many UK companies fail to see the point of history Queen Mary, University of London". qmul.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "Royal Dutch Shell". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ "BBC NEWS – Business – Qatar and Shell in $6bn gas deal". 28 February 2005. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ "The Netherlands British Chamber of Commerce". NBCC. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ a b Europe. Western Europe. Netherlands Archived 13 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "LONDON to AMSTERDAM by train & ferry or Eurostar from £49". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
Further reading
- Ashton, Nigel. Unspoken Allies: Anglo-Dutch Relations since 1780.
- Horn, David Bayne. Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century (1967). Covers 1603–1702; pp. 86–110. [1]
- Jones, James Rees. The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century (Routledge, 2013) [2]
- Levy, Jack S. "The Rise and Decline of the Anglo-Dutch Rivalry, 1609–1689", pp. 172–200 in William R. Thompson, ed. Great power rivalries (1999) online
- Palmer, M. A. J. "The Military Revolution Afloat: The Era of the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Transition to Modern Warfare at Sea". War in History (1997) 4#2. pp. 123–149.
- Raven, G. J. A., and Nicholas A. M. Rodger. Navies and Armies: The Anglo-Dutch Relationship in War and Peace, 1688–1988 (John Donald, 1990).
- Watson, Charles Albert (1969). Britain's Dutch Policy, 1914–1918; The View from British Archives (Ph.D.). Boston University. OCLC 7805023.
- Wigglesworth, Neil. Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (Psychology Press, 1990) online
- Wilson, Charles Henry. Anglo-Dutch Commerce & Finance in the Eighteenth Century (1941) online