Nethinim
Nethinim (נְתִינִים nəṯīnīm, lit. "given ones", or "subjects"), or Nathinites or Nathineans, was the name given to the
Etymology
Netinim is derived from the
Translations and spellings
In English, Nethinim is one of several Hebrew words which are
In Greek, the
Hebrew Bible
In the Book of Joshua, the Nethinim are mentioned in a passage concerning the "leaders (
The Nethinim are mentioned at the return from the
Many of the names enumerated in Ezra 2 for the Nethinim appear to indicate a foreign provenance, including people of Arab, Ishmaelite, Egyptian, Edomite and Aramaic ethnicities, with nicknames appropriate to slaves.[14][c] Most of the names of the parents mentioned seem to be feminine in form or meaning, and suggest that the Nethinim could not trace back to any definite paternity; and this is supported by the enumeration of those who could not "show their father's house" (Ezra 2:60; Neh 7:62).
Interpretations
Rabbinical Judaism
At the time of Nehemiah and Ezra, they were fully integrated into the Judean community, and were signatories to the former's covenant. Several centuries later, their status had declined rapidly.
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses use the term Nethinim to refer to members not claiming to be "anointed" who are selected to assist the Governing Body.[21][22]
Notes
- ^ Joshua 9:27
- ^ e.g. Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament English edition The Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament Vol.10 ed. Ringren, entry N-T-N "Netinim" mentioned pp. 102, 105, 106, 107
- ^ The nicknames are of the type: "Speedy, White, Crooked, Taciturn, and Faithful." (Dunham 2016, p. 134)
Citations
- ^ a b Dozeman 2015, p. 415.
- ^ Day 2007, p. 136.
- ^ Gordon 2016, p. 83.
- ^ Net Bible.
- ^ Orlin 2015, p. 651.
- ^ Strong.
- ^ Driscoll 1911.
- ^ Taylor 2009, p. 383.
- ^ Antiquities of the Jews, 11.1.6
- ^ Baumgarten 1977, p. 78, n.12.
- ^ Grintz 1966, p. 133.
- ^ Dozeman 2015, pp. 414–416.
- Babylonian Talmud, Yebamot 71a, 78b-79a
- ^ Dunham 2016, p. 134.
- ^ a b Cohen 2010, p. 95.
- ^ Poppers 1958, pp. 154–155.
- ^ Hezser 2005, pp. 109, 137.
- ^ Poppers 1958, p. 155.
- ^ Baker 2002, p. 207.
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol 9 1905, p. 233.
- ^ Penton 2015, p. 172.
- ^ Chryssides 2009, p. 62.
References
- Baker, Cynthia M. (2002). Rebuilding the House of Israel: Architectures of Gender in Jewish Antiquity. ISBN 978-0-804-74029-6.
- ISBN 978-9-004-05394-6.
- Chryssides, George D. (2009). The A to Z of Jehovah's Witnesses. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-810-86891-5.
- ISBN 978-3-161-50375-7.
- ISBN 978-9-004-14512-2.
- Dozeman, Thomas B. (2015). Joshua 1-12: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. ISBN 978-0-300-14975-3.
- Driscoll, James F. (1911). . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Dunham, Kyle C. (2016). The Pious Sage in Job: Eliphaz in the Context of Wisdom Theodicy. Eugene, Oregon: ISBN 978-1-4982-8563-6.
Executive Committee of the Editorial Board; Jacobs, Joseph (1905). "Nethinim". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 233.- ISBN 978-0-754-65617-3.
- Grintz, Jehoshua M. (June 1966). "The Treaty of Joshua with the Gibeonites". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 86 (2): 113–126. JSTOR 596424.
- Hezser, Catherine (2005). Jewish Slavery in Antiquity. ISBN 978-0-199-28086-5.
- "Nethinim". Net Bible.
- Orlin, Eric, ed. (2015). "Netinim". Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions. ISBN 978-1-134-62552-9.
- Penton, M. James (2015). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses (3rd ed.). ISBN 978-1-442-61605-9.
- Poppers, H. L. (July 1958). "The Declassé in the Babylonian Jewish Community". Jewish Social Studies. 20 (3): 153–179. JSTOR 4465617.
- Strong, James. "H5411 - Nathiyn". Strong's Concordance.
- Taylor, Bernard Alwyn (2009). Analytical lexicon to the Septuagint. Hendrickson. ISBN 978-1-565-63516-6.
- Weinberg, Joel P. (January 1975). "Netînîm und "Söhne der Sklaven Salomos" im 6.—4. Jh. v. u. Z". S2CID 170746034.
External links
- Jacobs, Joseph (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). p. 421.
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