Neuroendocrine cell
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Neuroendocrine cells are cells that receive neuronal input (through
The major center of neuroendocrine integration in the body is found in the
Major neuroendocrine systems
- Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis[1] (HPA axis)
- Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis[1] (HPT axis)
- Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis[1] (HPG axis)
- Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system[1]
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are specialized airway
These cells are bottle- or flask-like in shape, and reach from the basement membrane to the lumen. They can be distinguished by their profile of bioactive amines and peptides, namely serotonin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), chromogranin A, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and cholecystokinin.
These cells can be the source of several types of lung cancer, most notably small cell carcinoma of the lung, and bronchial carcinoid tumor.[3][4]
Function
PNECs may play a role with chemoreceptors in
Role in fetal lung
In the fetal lung, they are frequently located at the branching points of airway tubules, and in humans are present by 10 weeks gestation. Peptides and amines released by PNEC are involved in normal fetal lung development including branching morphogenesis. The best-characterized peptides are GRP, the mammalian form of bombesin, and CGRP; these substances exert direct mitogenic effects on epithelial cells and exhibit many properties akin to growth factors.
Example
Specialized groups of neuroendocrine cells can be found at the base of the
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 9780071481274.
•The hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system secretes two peptide hormones directly into the blood, vasopressin and oxytocin. ...
•The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. It comprises corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), released by the hypothalamus; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), released by the anterior pituitary; and glucocorticoids, released by the adrenal cortex.
•The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis consists of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); the anterior pituitary hormone thyroid–stimulating hormone (TSH); and the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
•The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis comprises hypothalamic gonadotropin–releasing hormone (GnRH), the anterior pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonadal steroids. - PMID 7701446.
- PMID 16418242.
- PMID 6270516.
External links
- Media related to Neuroendocrine cells at Wikimedia Commons
- Neuroendocrine+System at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)