New Classical architecture
New Classical architecture, New Classicism or Contemporary Classical architecture[1] is a contemporary movement in architecture that continues the practice of Classical architecture. It is sometimes considered the modern continuation of Neoclassical architecture,[2][3][4] even though other styles might be cited as well, such as Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance or even non-Western styles[5] – often referenced and recreated from a postmodern perspective as opposed to being strict revival styles.[6]
The design and construction of buildings in ever-evolving classical styles continued throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, even as
Development
In Great Britain during the 1950s and 1960s, a handful of architects continued to design buildings in a neoclassical style, contrary to the prevailing fashion for
French architect
In these years,
Alongside these academic and scholarly developments, a populist and professional manifestation of new classicism has existed and continues to develop. The 1963 demolition of
In 2002, the then-named Institute of Classical Architecture merged with Classical America to form the Institute of Classical Architecture & Classical America (now the
The international character of the New Classical movement was propelled by the creation in 2001 of the International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism (INTBAU),[22] an international organization dedicated on supporting traditional building and the maintenance of local character.[23] INTBAU spans more than 40 countries with its local chapters.[24] This network was created under the patronage of Charles, Prince of Wales himself an important figure in the New Classical movement.[25]
In 2003, Chicago philanthropist
Since 2014, a movement of people in Sweden called "Arkitekturupprororet" or "Architectural Uprising" has challenged new developments in favour of traditional designs.[33] Started as a Facebook group, the movement has spread to other Nordic countries and the rest of the world.[34] It has achieved moderate success in encouraging the development of new traditional designs.[33] The main aim of the movement is "to make architecture available to everyone",[33] which it does through social media posts and annual awards to the best and worst new buildings in Sweden.
In 2021, more efforts to reintroduce new classical architecture in city planning were established in the United States of America. A founding member of the Washington Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the ICAA and director of the Anacostia River Plan, which envisioned future urban growth and Parisian-like riverfronts and quays at Washington, D.C.[35], architect Nir Buras founded the Classic Planning Institute (CPI). Based in Washington, D.C., the CPI engages in practice, research and education on how New Classical Architecture, applied in a holistic manner, can enhance contemporary urban planning. Additionally, since 2021, the CPI hosts the Traditional Architecture Gathering (TAG)[36] international conference, that attracts hundreds of architects and enthusiasts to discuss multiple subjects related to New Classical Architecture worldwide.
Philosophy
New Classical professionals tend to work under the assumption that there is no such thing as purely original creation, and that innovation unavoidably occurs in an environment laden with suggestions, influences, a precedent of problems solved and, perhaps more importantly, mistakes to be avoided.[37]
Many New Classical architects believe in the importance of sustainability, and aim to create long-lasting, well-crafted buildings of great quality, adapted to the context and with an efficient use of natural resources.[38]
Educational institutions
While most universities worldwide teach modernist design principles, some institutions teach (solely, mainly, or partly) the principles of traditional and classical architecture and urban planning. Some of these are:[39]
- Brazil
- Centro Universitário Euroamericano (UNIEURO), in Brasília.[40]
- India
- Tirumala S.V. Institute of Traditional Sculpture and Architecture (SVITSA), in Andhra Pradesh.[41]
- Italy
- New Zealand
- United Kingdom
- National Design Academy, in Nottingham (heritage interior design).[43]
- The Prince's Foundation for Building Community, in London.
- The Prince's School of Traditional Arts, in London.
- Unit 6 of the Kingston School of Art's Master of Architecture program,[44] the only postgraduate unit in the United Kingdom to teach classical design. Previously, this was taught in the undergraduate program.
- University of Portsmouth, in Portsmouth, School of Architecture.[45]
- PRASADA – Practice, Research, and Advancement in South Asian Design and Architecture at Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, in Cardiff, Wales.
- United States
- Andrews University, in Berrien Springs, Michigan.[46]
- American College of the Building Arts.[47] and School of the Arts at College of Charleston, in Charleston, South Carolina.
- The Center for Advanced Research in Traditional Architecture at the University of Colorado, in Denver, Colorado.
- University of Miami, in Coral Gables, Florida.[48]
- Yale School of Architecture, in New Haven, Connecticut.[49]
- Institute of Classical Architecture & Art (ICAA), in New York City, New York.
- Institute of Classical Architecture & Art (ICAA), in New York City, New York.
- University of Notre Dame School of Architecture, in Notre Dame, Indiana.
- Utah Valley University, in Orem, Utah.[50]
- Beaux-Arts Academy, in Salt Lake City, Utah.[51]
- Academy of Classical Design, in Southern Pines, North Carolina.
- The Classic Planning Institute, Washington D.C.
Examples
-
Richmond Riverside, London, England, 1984–87, by Quinlan Terry
-
Robert A.M. Stern Architects
-
Maitland Robinson Library, Cambridge, England, 1992, by Quinlan Terry
-
Poundbury, England, 1993, by Léon Krier
-
Michael Dwyer
-
Nancy Lee and Perry R. Bass Performance Hall, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 1998, by David M. Schwarz
-
Queen's Gallery, London, England, 2002, by John Simpson
-
Royal Air Force Bomber Command Memorial, London, England, 2012, by Liam O'Connor
See also
- Complementary architecture
- Revivalism (architecture)
- Classical Realism
- Driehaus Architecture Prize
- Traditional architecture
- Outline of classical architecture
References
- OCLC 1000578629.
- ^ Machalinski, Anne (16 March 2020). "Classical Contemporary Meets the Future". www.mansionglobal.com. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- OCLC 64585874.
- ISBN 978-0-19-967498-5.
- ^ "6 Classical Buildings That Are Younger Than You Think". ArchDaily. 2015-04-19. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
- ISBN 0-85670-867-4.
- ^ Quigley, Kathleen (7 August 2018). "Inside Architecture's New Classicism Boom". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
- ^ "Central Criminal Court Extension, London – The Twentieth Century Society". c20society.org.uk. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-19-860678-9. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
- ^ Leon Krier and Maurice Culot, "Counterprojets: Prefaces," (Brussels: Archives d'Architecture Moderne, 1980).
- ^ Charles, Prince of Wales, "A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture," (New York: Doubleday, 1989).
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4000-4359-0.
- ^ Robert Venturi, "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture," (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966).
- ^ Andreas Papadakis and Harriet Watson, eds., "New Classicism: Omnibus Volume," (London: Academy Editions, 1990).
- ^ "Many Canons, Many Conversions -". blogs.nd.edu. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "College of Architecture and Planning at CU Denver" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
- ^ "How Henry Hope Reed Saved Architecture". The New York Sun. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Books - Institute of Classical Architecture & Art". www.classicist.org. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Articles - Institute of Classical Architecture & Art". blog.classicist.org. Archived from the original on 14 November 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Books - Institute of Classical Architecture & Art". www.classicist.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Calendar". www.classicist.org. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
- ^ "About Us | INTBAU". Retrieved 2020-02-27.
- ^ "Chapters | INTBAU". Retrieved 2020-02-27.
- ^ Alexander, Michael (October 16, 2018). "United Kingdom: New crown coin celebrates the 70th birthday of HRH Charles, Prince of Wales". Coin Update.
- ^ "The Driehaus Prize". wttw.com. 7 March 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Driehaus Prize Nomination Process". University of Notre Dame School of Architecture. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
- ^ "Palladio Awards". Active Interest Media. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Home". www.rotthierprize.be. Retrieved 2022-01-05.
- ^ "Premio Rafael Manzano de Nueva Arquitectura Tradicional". 28 February 2018. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ^ "Edmund N. Bacon Prize". Philadelphia Center for Architecture. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ "The Rieger Graham Prize". Institute of Classical Architecture & Art in New York. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ a b c "A Nordic Revolt Against 'Ugly' Modern Architecture". Bloomberg.com. 2023-08-01. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
- ^ "About (English) – Arkitekturupproret" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2023-12-25.
- ^ Flanagan, Neil (October 14, 2009). "McMillan Two envisions a classical Anacostia". Greater Greater Washington. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- ^ Brussat, David (2021-03-02). "TAG 4: Classical gears up". Architecture Here and There. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- ISBN 978-1-315-66131-5.
- ISBN 978-1-902889-12-2.
- ^ INTBAU Archived 2015-07-28 at the Wayback Machine - A guide to academic institutions/universities teaching New Urbanism and traditional/classical design. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
- ^ "Institutions | INTBAU". Retrieved 2020-10-08.
- ^ Tirumala S.V. Institute of Traditional Sculpture and Architecture (SVITSA) in Tirupati Archived 2016-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, India
- ^ a b "Institutions | INTBAU". Retrieved 2020-02-18.
- ^ National Design Academy Nottingham Archived 2015-03-15 at the Wayback Machine, degree course for heritage interior design.
- ^ "MArch Architecture – Unit 6 – 2015/16". Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
We will engage with the fundamental architectural considerations of scale and language, and the application of the order of classicism at the scale of the town, building, room and fitting.
- ^ Portsmouth School of Architecture: Design Classical Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. The school presents its award-winning course in the elements of classical design and how to design in the classical idiom, for CPD credits., PDF, retrieved 10 March 2015
- ^ "Andrews University School of Architecture, Art & Design". Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Throughout the educational process, students are challenged to base architectural decisions on thoughtful and learned criteria, including the body of knowledge found within vernacular and classical traditions.
- ^ Urban, Chad. "Welcome!". buildingartscollege.us. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Certificates | School of Architecture | University of Miami". arc.miami.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- OCLC 57139148.
- ^ "UVU Bachelor of Architecture | Bachelor of Architecture | Architecture and Engineering Design". www.uvu.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-24.
- ^ "Beaux-Arts Academy in Salt Lake City, classical architecture study programs". baa-utah.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
Bibliography
- Alexander, Christopher (1979). The Timeless Way of Building. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502402-9.
- Charles, Prince of Wales (1989). A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-26903-2.
- Coles, William A. (1961). Architecture in America: A Battle of Styles. Ardent Media.
- Curl, James Stevens (2003). Classical Architecture: An Introduction to Its Vocabulary and Essentials, with a Select Glossary of Terms. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-73119-4.
- Dodd, Phillip James (2013). The Art of Classical Details: Theory, Design and Craftsmanship. Images Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86470-203-3.
- Dowling, Elizabeth Meredith (2004). New Classicism: The Rebirth of Traditional Architecture. Random House Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-8478-2660-5.
- Gabriel, J. François (2004). Classical Architecture for the Twenty-first Century: An Introduction to Design. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-73076-0.
- Gromort, Georges (2001). The Elements of Classical Architecture. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-73051-7.
- Krier, Léon (1985). Albert Speer: architecture, 1932-1942. Archives d'architecture moderne. ISBN 978-2-87143-006-3.
- Matrana, Marc R. (2009). Lost Plantations of the South. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-469-0.
- Reed, Henry Hope (1971). The Golden City. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-00547-9.
- Scully, Vincent Joseph (1974). The shingle style today: or, The historian's revenge. G. Braziller. ISBN 978-0-8076-0759-6.
- Stroik, Duncan (2012). The Church Building as a Sacred Place: Beauty, Transcendence, and the Eternal. Liturgy Training Publications. ISBN 978-1-59525-037-7.
- Summerson, John (1963). The Classical Language of Architecture. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-69012-6.
- Watkin, David (1977). Morality and Architecture. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-817350-2.
External links
- Media related to New Classical architecture at Wikimedia Commons
- Illustrated Glossary of Classical Architecture
- Institute of Classical Architecture and Art
- Traditional Architecture Group
- INTBAU – Universities / institutions offering traditional architecture courses by country
- OpenSource Classicism – project for free educational content about (new) classical architecture
- The architectural traditions are back – we should celebrate, The Spectator, Hugh Pearman, 28 October 2017
- Examples