New Fourth Army incident

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New Fourth Army Incident
Part of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War
Date (1941-01-07) (1941-01-13)January 7–13, 1941
(6 days)
Location
Maolin, Jing County, Anhui Province
Result Nationalist tactical victory
Communist propaganda victory
Belligerents

Republic of China (1912–1949) Republic of China

Republic of China (1912–1949) Republic of China

Commanders and leaders
Gu Zhutong
Shangguan Yunxiang
Huang Baitao		 Ye Ting (POW)
Xiang Ying †
Yuan Guoping †
Units involved

3rd Military Region

New 4th Army
Strength
80,000 9,000
Casualties and losses
minimal 7,000 dead, captured, or missing

The New Fourth Army Incident (

PRC historians view the New Fourth Army Incident differently. From the ROC point of view, the Communists attacked first and it was a punishment for the Communist insubordination; from the PRC view, it was Nationalist treachery.[1][2]

Causes

ROC viewpoint

In the fall of 1940, the Communist New Fourth Army attacked Nationalist forces under Han Deqin. Also, Benton's book New Fourth Army argues the Communists first attacked the Nationalists and the Nationalists fought back against the Communists. [2]

PRC viewpoint

For PRC historians the incident began in December 1940, when

Yangtze River. On 4 January, the 9000-strong force started to move from Yunling Township in Jing County towards Jiangsu, planning to cross the river along three routes.[3]

Ambush

On January 5, the Communist forces were surrounded in Maolin Township by a Nationalist force of 80,000 led by Shangguan Yunxiang and attacked days later. After days of fighting, heavy losses – including many civilian workers who staffed the army's political headquarters – were inflicted on the New Fourth Army due to the overwhelming numbers of Nationalist troops. On January 13, Ye Ting, wanting to save his men, went to Shangguan Yunxiang's headquarters to negotiate terms. Upon arrival, Ye was detained. The New Fourth Army's political commissar Xiang Ying was killed, and only 2,000 people, led by Huang Huoxing and Fu Qiutao, were able to break out.

Aftermath

Chiang Kai-shek ordered the New Fourth Army disbanded on January 17, and sent Ye Ting to a military tribunal. However, on January 20, the Chinese Communist Party in

Chen Yi was the new army commander. Liu Shaoqi was the political commissar. The new headquarters was in Jiangsu, which was now the general headquarters for the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army
. Together, they comprised seven divisions and one independent brigade, totalling over 90,000 troops.

Because of this incident, according to the Chinese Communist Party, the Nationalist Party of China was criticized for creating internal strife when the Chinese were supposed to be united against the Japanese; the Chinese Communist Party, on the other hand, was seen as heroes at the vanguard of the fight against the Japanese and Nationalist treachery. Although as a result of this incident, the Communist Party lost possession of the lands south of

Yangtze River
, it drew the party support from the population, which strengthened their foundations north of Yangtze River.

According to the Nationalist Party, this incident was retribution to numerous occasions of treachery and harassment by the New Fourth Army.

The novelist Mao Dun's story Fushi is about this incident.

Notes

  1. S2CID 159863211
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 163141212
    . Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  3. ^ Lie-shu, Fang (2009). "Who should be responsible for the severe loss of the South-Anhui troop of the New Fourth Army". Historical Research in Anhui.

Further reading

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