New German Cinema
"German New Wave" redirects here. For the music movement, see Influences
- French New Wave
- Classical Hollywood Cinema
New German Cinema (
Italian Neorealism, gained notice by producing a number of "small" motion pictures that caught the attention of art house audiences. These filmmakers included Percy Adlon, Harun Farocki, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Peter Fleischmann, Werner Herzog, Alexander Kluge, Ulli Lommel, Wolfgang Petersen, Volker Schlöndorff, Helma Sanders-Brahms, Werner Schroeter, Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, Margarethe von Trotta and Wim Wenders. As a result of the attention they garnered, they were able (particularly in the case of Wenders, Petersen, and Schlöndorff) to create better-financed productions which were backed by the big US studios. However, most of these larger films were commercial failures and the movement was heavily dependent on subsidies.[3] By 1977, 80% of a budget for a typical German film was ensured by a subsidy.[4]
Most of the directors of the New German Cinema movement were members of their self-owned Filmverlag der Autoren association founded in 1971, which funded and distributed most of their films, and the history of New German Cinema from the 1970s onwards was largely synonymous with it.
History
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2023) |
As a reaction to the artistic and economic stagnation of German cinema, a group of young filmmakers issued the
Jean-Marie Straub, Wim Wenders, Hans-Jürgen Syberberg and Rainer Werner Fassbinder in their rejection of the existing German film industry and their determination to build a new industry founded on artistic excellence rather than commercial dictates.[citation needed
]
Despite the foundation of the Kuratorium Junger Deutscher Film (Young German Film Committee) in 1965, set up under the auspices of the
Federal Ministry of the Interior to support new German films financially, the directors of this New German Cinema, who rejected co-operation with the existing film industry, were consequently often dependent on money from television. Young filmmakers had the opportunity to test their mettle in such programmes as the stand-alone drama and documentary series Das kleine Fernsehspiel (The Little TV Play) or the television films of the crime series Tatort. However, the broadcasters sought TV premieres for the films which they had supported financially, with theatrical showings only occurring later. As a consequence, such films tended to be unsuccessful at the cinema box-office.[citation needed
]
This situation changed after 1974 when the Film-Fernseh-Abkommen (Film and Television Accord) was agreed between the Federal Republic's main broadcasters,
€4.5 and 12.94 million per year). Under the terms of the accord, films produced using these funds can only be screened on television 24 months after their theatrical release. They may appear on video or DVD no sooner than six months after cinema release. As a result of the funds provided by the Film-Fernseh-Abkommen, German films, particularly those of the New German Cinema, gained a much greater opportunity to enjoy box-office success before they played on television.[6]
The artistically ambitious and socially critical films of the New German Cinema strove to delineate themselves from what had gone before and the works of
Danièle Huillet, Helma Sanders-Brahms, Helke Sander, and von Trotta.[citation needed] Rosa von Praunheim, who formed the German lesbian and gay movement with his film It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives (1971), can also be counted to the movement.[8]
List of New German movies
- Machorka-Muff (1963)[9]
- Yesterday Girl (1966)
- Young Törless (1966)[9]
- Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed (1968)[10]
- Hunting Scenes from Bavaria (1969)[11]
- It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives (1971)
- Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972)[9]
- World on a Wire (1973)[9]
- Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (1974)[9]
- Alice in the Cities (1974)[2]
- Fox and His Friends (1975)[2]
- The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum (1975)[9]
- Under the Pavement Lies the Strand (1975)[9]
- Kings of the Road (1976)[12]
- The American Friend (1977)[9]
- Germany in Autumn (1977)[9]
- Die Konsequenz (1977)[13]
- The Second Awakening of Christa Klages (1978)[9]
- The Tin Drum (1979)[9]
- Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979)[14]
- The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979)[9]
- Berlin Alexanderplatz (1980)[14]
- Céleste (1980)[15]
- Lola (1981)[14]
- Marianne and Juliane (1981)[9]
- Veronika Voss (1982)[14]
- Fitzcarraldo (1982)[9]
- Five Last Days (1982)[15]
- The Swing (1983)[15]
- Paris, Texas (1984)[9]
- Sugarbaby (1985)[15]
References
- ^ "New German Cinema: The Displaced Image - Movie List". MUBI.
- ^ a b c "Movie movements that defined cinema: New German Cinema". Empire. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
- ^ Julia Knight, Women and the New German Cinema, Verso, 1992
- ^ Holloway, Ronald (11 December 1977). "German Films Are Subsidized". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ "FFA Filmförderungsanstalt - deutsch". www.ffa.de.
- ^ (Blaney 1992:204)
- ^ "The Tin Drum" Wins Foreign Language Film: 1980 Oscars
- ^ "Germany's most famous gay rights activist: Rosa von Praunheim". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "15 Essential Films For An Introduction To New German Cinema". Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists. 9 July 2015.
- ^ The Best New German Cinema Movies of All Time|Page 3-Flickchart
- ^ „Neuer Deutscher Film“: Regisseur Peter Fleischmann im Alter von 84 Jahren gestorben
- ^ The Best New German Cinema Movies of All Time|Page 2-Flickchart
- ^ The Best New German Cinema Movies of All Time|Page 4-Flickchart
- ^ a b c d The Best New German Cinema Movies of All Time-Flickchart
- ^ a b c d "A retrospective of six films made by Percy Adlon, representative of New German Cinema to be shown". University of California at San Diego. March 27, 1986.
Further reading
- Flinn, Caryl (2004). The New German Cinema: Music, History, and the Matter of Style. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- ISBN 978-0-8135-1392-8.
- Fussell, Michael. "New German Cinema". Section of a larger work by Fussell.
