New Mexico wine
, Orange Muscat, Sauvignon blanc , Villard blanc.[1] | |
No. of wineries | Over 42[3] |
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Viticulture took hold since its 1629 introduction, in the middle Rio Grande and the surrounding area, and by the year 1880 grapes were grown on over 3,000 acres (12 km2), and wineries produced over 1,000,000 US gallons (3,800,000 L) of wine. The editor of the Socorro bulletin predicted in 1880 that "We see in the present attention given to grape culture, an important and growing industry which, in a few years, will assume proportions of no ordinary nature."[4]
The wine industry in New Mexico declined in the latter decades of the nineteenth century in part due to flooding of the Río Grande.
New Mexico now has more than 60 wineries producing 900,000 US gallons (3,400,000 L) of wine annually.
History
Origins of viticulture in New Mexico
In 1598
Before grapevines were planted in New Mexico, the Franciscans had wine shipped from Spain. The sacramental wine was light pink in color, had a sherry-like taste, was 18% alcohol, and 10% sugar. The wine was transported in heavy jugs resembling those in Roman times. The stoneware jugs held approximately 2.6 to 3.6 gallons (9.8 to 13.6 liters) each and were sealed with a cork or wood plug. The jugs needed to be sealed with a green glaze, applied to the inside of the jug. This glaze would have contained lead that leaked out into the wine during prolonged exposure to heat or to the acid in the wine.
Grapevine planting in New Mexico was initially hindered by Spanish law which in 1595 forbid the exportation of Spanish grapevines to protect the Spanish agriculture industry. At the time, Spanish wine exports provided one fourth of Spain's foreign trade revenue. Franciscans chose to ignore this economic law and smuggled vines out of Spain into New Mexico around 1629. Fray García de Zúñiga, a Franciscan, and Antonio de Arteaga, a Capuchín friar, planted the first vines at a
As
Expansion of the wine industry in New Mexico
Between 1633 and 1800, numerous events took place which threatened the wine industry in New Mexico. Several pueblo revolts and hard winters threatened the grapes, but by the 1800s New Mexico had emerged as wine country. In 1800, vineyards were planted from
Decline and rebirth
At the turn of the twentieth century, the Río Grande and its tributaries experienced extensive flooding. In 1926, the first Río Grande flood occurred that impacted the vineyards throughout the grape growing region, from Bernalillo to El Paso. Prohibition began in 1919, and only a small amount of medicinal alcohol could be legally produced and sold. Though the sale of wine was hindered, the grapevine acreage doubled between 1920 and 1930. In 1943, the largest Río Grande flood of the century destroyed vineyards throughout New Mexico. Vineyards that had been producing wine for fifty years were destroyed. What remained of the old commercial wine industry in New Mexico never recovered from these floods.
By 1977, small commercial wineries opened their doors, creating wine from mostly French-Hybrid grape varietals. These cold-hardy grapevines prospered in northern New Mexico. The first of these wineries to open was La Viña Winery, now the oldest continually-operating winery in New Mexico.[6] La Chiripada Winery, in Dixon, NM planted its vines in 1977, the first vines to be planted in Northern New Mexico since prohibition. They opened with their first vintage in 1981, and remains family-operated to this day. La Chiripada Winery is the oldest continuously-owned winery in New Mexico.
In 1981, the Oppenheimer Corporation began marketing plots of "vineyard" land in the Armendariz Ranch, near Engle, which drew Hervé Lescombes and his family from
Between 1982 and 1983, 2,200 acres (3 sq mi) of vineyards were planted around Las Cruces. By 1986, there were 7,000 acres across New Mexico, falling to 700 acres by 1989. Many more vineyards and extensive acres of grapes were planted until present day.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Heald 2008.
- ^ Peavler & Green 1995.
- ^ a b "New Mexico: Appellation Profile". Appellation America. March 4, 2008. Archived from the original on September 7, 2014.
- ^ Socorro Bullion 1883-87.
- ISBN 978-0826332523.
- ^ Birchell 2013, p. 67.
References
- Heald, Eleanor & Ray (March 4, 2008). "Bringing the people to the wine: How New Mexico connects wines, tourism and its unique cuisine". Appellation America. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
- Peavler, Jim; Green, Ron Wayne (October 26, 1995). "New Mexico Wine Country". VIVA New Mexico!. Archived from the original on March 12, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
Further reading
- Birchell, Donna Blake (March 19, 2013). New Mexico Wine: An Enchanting History. The History Press. ISBN 978-1614238904.