New Swabia

Coordinates: 72°S 5°E / 72°S 5°E / -72; 5
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

New Swabia
Neuschwabenland
Defunct Antarctic claim of Nazi Germany
1939–1945
Expedition logo (1938–39) of New Swabia
Expedition logo
(1938–39)

Territory comprising New Swabia marked in red
Historical eraWorld War II
• Contact reached
19 January 1939
9 April 1940
• Surrender of Germany
8 May 1945
Antarctic expeditions
International agreements
Belgium Belgium
United Kingdom British Empire / Commonwealth
Germany Nazi Germany Germany
Sweden Sweden
France France
Japan Japan
Norway Norway
United States United States
Soviet Union Soviet Union
International

New Swabia (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was a disputed Antarctic claim by Nazi Germany within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land and is now a cartographic name sometimes given to an area of Antarctica between 20°E and 10°W in Queen Maud Land.[citation needed] New Swabia was explored by Germany in early 1939 and named after that expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia.[1][2]

Background

Like many other countries,

South Georgia, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Crozet Islands
were astronomical, meteorological, and hydrological, mostly in close collaboration with scientific teams from other countries. As the 19th century ended, Germany began to focus on Antarctica.

The first German expedition to Antarctica was the

Filchner Ice Shelf. A German whaling fleet was put to sea in 1937 and, upon its successful return in early 1938, plans for a third German Antarctic expedition were drawn up.[3]

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)

The third

foreign currency reserves. Another goal was to scout possible locations for a German naval base.[4][5]

Flag sometimes attributed to New Swabia, but in fact was the flag of the Reichskolonialbund and the common flag for all German colonies during the Nazi period (NS was the only "colony"). There is also no evidence that the flag was ever actually flown in this territory. [6]

On 17 December 1938, the New Swabia Expedition left Hamburg for Antarctica aboard

Pasterze glacier in Austria before the expedition).[1][7][8] None of these have ever been recovered. Eight more flights were made to areas of keen interest and on these trips, some of the photos were taken with colour film. Altogether they flew over hundreds of thousands of square kilometers and took more than 16,000 aerial photographs, some of which were published after the war by Ritscher. The ice-free Schirmacher Oasis, which now hosts the Maitri and Novolazarevskaya research stations, was spotted from the air by Richard Heinrich Schirmacher (who named it after himself) shortly before the Schwabenland left the Antarctic coast on 6 February 1939.[9]

MS Schwabenland in 1938
German map of Antarctica (1941) showing Neuschwabenland (territorial claim)

On its return trip to Germany, the expedition made oceanographic studies near Bouvet Island and Fernando de Noronha, arriving back in Hamburg on 11 April 1939. Meanwhile, the Norwegian government had learned about the expedition through reports from whalers along the coast of Queen Maud Land. Although some, notably Norwegian writer Bjarne Aagaard and German geographer Ernst Herrmann, have claimed that Germany never actually occupied the territory, it is well documented that Germany issued a decree about the establishment of a German Antarctic Sector called New Swabia after the expedition's return in August 1939.[2][10]

Germany never advanced any territorial claims to the region, which were abandoned in 1945.[11]

Geographic features mapped by the expedition

Because the area was first explored by a German expedition, the name Neuschwabenland (New Swabia) is still used for the region on some maps, as are many of the German names given to its geographic features.

Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver. Others were not named until they were remapped from aerial photographs taken by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1958–1959).[13]

Aftermath

Germany made no formal territorial claims to New Swabia.

Ministry of Justice and the Police.[15]

Conspiracy theories

Neuschwabenland has been the subject of conspiracy theories for decades, some of them related to Nazi UFO claims. Most assert that, in the wake of the German expedition of 1938–39, a huge military base was built there. After the war, high-ranking Nazis, scientists, and elite military units are claimed to have survived there. The US and UK have supposedly been trying to conquer the area for decades, and to have used nuclear weapons in this effort. Proponents claim the base is sustained by hot springs providing energy and warmth.[16]

The WDR radio play "Neuschwabenland-Symphonie" from 2012 takes up the conspiracy theories.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-7112-2980-5, 978-0-7112-2980-8
    , p. 367
  2. ^ a b Widerøe, Turi (2008). "Annekteringen av Dronning Maud Land". Norsk Polarhistorie (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  3. ^ Luke Fater (6 November 2019). "Hitler's Secret Antarctic Expedition for Whales". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  4. ^ Eric Niiler. "Hitler Sent a Secret Expedition to Antarctica in a Hunt for Margarine Fat". A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Hitler's Antarctic base: the myth and the reality" Archived 13 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine, by Colin Summerhayes and Peter Beeching, Polar Record, Volume 43 Issue 1, pp. 1–21. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  6. ^ "Former German Colonies and Overseas Territories".
  7. ^ a b Boudewijn Büch. Eenzaam, Eilanden 2 ('Lonely, Islands 2'), Holland 1994
  8. ^ Ritscher's expedition report, more information pending
  9. ISBN 978-1-57607-422-0
    .
  10. ^ The International Hydrographic Review. International Hydrographic Bureau. 1943.
  11. ^ Jacek Machowski (1977). The Status of Antarctica in the Light of International Law. Office of Polar Programs and the National Science Foundation.
  12. ^ e.g., National Geographic Atlas of the World, Eighth Edition, 2005
  13. ^ USGS GNIS
  14. OCLC 907129665
  15. ^ "Queen Maud Land". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  16. ^ Holm Hümmler: Neuschwabenland – Verschwörung, Mythos oder Ammenmärchen? In: Skeptiker. Nr. 3, 2013, S. 100–106.
  17. ^ "ARD-Hörspieldatenbank". hoerspiele.dra.de. Retrieved 19 December 2021.

Literature

  • Murphy, D.T. (2002). German exploration of the polar world. A history, 1870–1940 Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press.
    OCLC 48084187

External links

72°S 5°E / 72°S 5°E / -72; 5

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