New World crops

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Montage of New World domesticated plants. Clockwise from top left: 1. Maize (Zea mays) 2. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) 3. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 4. Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) 5. Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) 6. Cacao (Theobroma cacao) 7. Tobacco (Nicotiana rustica)



New World crops are those

Old World. Notable among them are the "Three Sisters": maize, winter squash
, and climbing beans.

List of crops

New World crops by plant structure used[1]
Cereal
little barley, maize, maygrass, wild rice
Pseudocereal
sunflower, sumpweed
(extinct as a crop)
Fruit
shagbark hickory, vanilla, Chilean Hazelnut, Ice Cream Bean, Peanut
Spices
 Allspice
Seed crops
tepary bean
Root
leren, sweet potato, yacón
Underground stems (tubers, rhizomes, bulbs etc)
ulluco
Leaf agave, coca, tobacco, yerba mate, yucca
Fluid balsam of Peru, chicle, maple syrup, rubber
Wood
logwood
Fibre
 some cotton species

Timeline of cultivation

The new world developed agriculture by at least 8000 BC.[2][3][4] The following table shows when each New World crop was first domesticated.

Timeline of cultivation
Date Crops Location
8000 BCE[5]
Squash
 Oaxaca, Mexico
8000–5000 BCE[6] Potato Peruvian and Bolivian Andes
6000–4000 BCE[7] Peppers Bolivia
5700 BCE[5][8] Maize Guerrero, Mexico
5500 BCE[9] Peanut South America
5000 BCE[10] Avocado Mexico
c. 4200 BCE[11] Sea-island cotton Peru
4000 BCE
Common bean
 Central America
3400 BCE[12] Mexican cotton
Tehuacan Valley
, Mexico
3300 BCE[13] Cocoa Ecuador
3000 BCE
Sunflowers,[14] other beans
 Arizona–New Mexico
1500 BCE[15]
Sweet potato
 Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia
500 BCE[16] Tomato Mexico

Dissemination to the Old World

See also:
Columbian Exchange

The transfer of people, crops, precious metals, and diseases from the Old World to the New World and vice versa is called the

Columbian Exchange
.

Food historian

Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there.[17][18][19] According to Frank,[20]

If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place.

See also

References

  1. ^ Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs and Steel. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 126.
  2. ISBN 1-57003-000-6
    .
  3. ^ Hirst, K. Kris. "Plant Domestication – Table of Dates and Places". About.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  4. PMID 19307570.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  5. ^
    PMID 11171946
    .
  6. PMID 16203994
    .
  7. PMID 17620613
    .
  8. PMID 19307573
    .
  9. ^ "Earliest-Known Evidence Of Peanut, Cotton And Squash Farming Found". Science Daily. June 29, 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  10. S2CID 9998040. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2015.
  11. ISBN 978-3-319-27096-8
    . Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  12. ^ "The Domestication History of Cotton". Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  13. S2CID 53099825
    .
  14. ISBN 978-3-319-52287-6
    . Retrieved August 4, 2020. Sunflower Seed Sunflower (Helianthus annus var. marcocarpus) is a New World crop, known to have been grown in Arizona–New Mexico in 3000 BC and in the Mississippi–Missouri Basin at least since 900 BC.
  15. ^ García, Jorge Luis (2012). The Foods and crops of the Muisca: a dietary reconstruction of the intermediate chiefdoms of Bogotá (Bacatá) and Tunja (Hunza), Colombia (M.A.) (PDF) (M.A.). University of Central Florida. pp. 1–201. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-03. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  16. ISBN 978-1-57003-000-0
    .
  17. ^ Babb, Robin (May 22, 2019). "The 'Nativore' Chef Working to Improve Nutrition in Indigenous Communities". Civil Eats. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  18. ^ "Rediscovering Native American cuisine before it gets lost". Food Management. January 2, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  19. ^ Gomez, Adrian (August 16, 2019). "Red Mesa Cuisine owner aims to bring 'ancestral foods back to the table'". www.abqjournal.com. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  20. ^ Kunz, Jenna (July 31, 2019). "The Chef Revitalizing Native American Cuisine". Unearth Women. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
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