New York Aquarium
New York Aquarium | |
---|---|
40°34′27″N 73°58′30″W / 40.574292°N 73.975116°W | |
Date opened | December 10, 1896 |
Location | 602 Surf Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11224 United States |
Land area | 14 acres (5.7 ha) |
Memberships | AZA[1] |
Public transit access | Subway: at West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium Bus: |
Website | nyaquarium |
The New York Aquarium is the oldest continually operating
The facility occupies 14 acres (5.7 ha) and boasts 266 species of aquatic wildlife. Its mission is to raise public awareness about issues facing the ocean and its inhabitants with special exhibits, public events and research. The New York Seascape program, based out of the aquarium, is WCS's local conservation program designed to restore healthy populations of marine species and protect New York waters, which are vital to the area's economic and cultural vitality.
History
Battery Park location
Construction and early years
The New York City government had proposed converting
The aquarium opened on December 10, 1896,[10][11] following a soft opening the previous day.[12][13] The aquarium attracted thousands of visitors on its opening day,[14][11] and it averaged over 10,000 visitors per day during its first several months.[7] Visitors were not charged admission, which may have contributed to the aquarium's popularity.[15] The aquarium had two million guests within a year,[15] and it had 5.5 million total guests by May 1900.[16] In its early years, the New York Aquarium at Castle Garden typically had more visitors during the summer, and Sunday was the busiest day of the week.[17] The aquarium's busiest day during this period was August 20, 1898, when over 47,000 people visited the aquarium.[18][17]
The aquarium's first director was Tarleton Hoffman Bean, who was appointed in 1895.[19] He was instrumental in helping to create similar wildlife organizations, especially aquaria. Bean was forced to resign in April 1898.[20]
1900s and 1910s
In March 1902, New York state legislators proposed transferring operation of the New York Aquarium to the
By January 1911, officials instead planned to expand Castle Garden,[29][30] adding semicircular wings to the west and east for over $1 million.[30][31] Each wing was to contain three tiers of tanks[31] and classroom space.[32] The Zoological Society asked the Board of Estimate to allocate $1.75 million to the renovation,[33][34] but the board still had not funded the renovation of Castle Garden by 1916.[35] Townsend said the aquarium's mechanical facilities needed major upgrades.[35][36]
1920s to 1940s
In 1921, Townsend announced that the Zoological Society would construct an electric plant in the basement, replacing a steam plant on the south side of the aquarium building, and then install two tanks in the space formerly occupied by the steam plant.[37] This work was funded by a bequest from Mrs. Russell Sage.[38] By early 1923, the Zoological Society was carrying out the renovations at a cost of $86,000.[39] In June 1923, the board voted to give $76,500 for the construction of an additional story above the building.[40][41] The Zoological Society planned to add deeper tanks on the second floor, expanding exhibition space by 20 percent. By then, the aquarium had two million annual visitors.[38] The expansion was largely completed by early 1924.[42]
Townsend announced in 1926 that Castle Garden would undergo further modifications at a cost of $225,000. The plans included constructing a third story for workrooms and laboratory space, installing tanks behind the building, adding a new mechanical plant in the basement, and covering the facade with a gray cement finish.[43] The Castle Garden Aquarium remained popular in the 1930s, with two million visitors per year,[44] including 50,000 on a single day in 1934, a new record for the aquarium.[45][46] Two laboratories were built on the structure's third story in 1940,[47] and a new metal dome was installed above the building the same year.[48] By then, the aquarium's acting director Charles M. Breder Jr. wished to develop a new building nearby, as he believed the aquarium had outgrown Castle Garden.[49][50]
In February 1941,
Brooklyn location
In 1953, officials approved the construction of a new aquarium building in the
When the Coney Island location opened, the WCS had to acquire nearly all its species from scratch, as the species at Castle Garden had been released into the ocean or given to other zoos.
In October 2006, the New York Aquarium announced the finalists to a competition to develop a more inviting and visually prominent exterior for the aquarium.[76] In March 2007, the winning design by firms WRT and Cloud 9 was selected, which featured an enclosure resembling a whale over the aquarium.[77][78] However, in March 2008, that concept was scrapped due to concerns over the cost of the design and the practicality of constructing future exhibits under the enclosure.[79] Instead, plans for a new exhibit based on sharks were announced.[80] The massive 784,000-US-gallon (2,970,000 L), 57,000-square-foot (5,300 m2) exhibition, Ocean Wonders: Sharks!, was originally scheduled to break ground in November 2012 and open in 2015.[81] However, the New York Aquarium was significantly damaged by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, which severely flooded the facility and shut down power. A small group of WCS staff who remained onsite during the hurricane were able to save 80 percent of the animals in the collection.[82] As a result, construction on the exhibit was delayed.[83] Ocean Wonders: Sharks! ultimately broke ground in January 2014.[84] The exhibit opened on June 30, 2018, becoming the first major exhibit at the New York Aquarium to open after Hurricane Sandy.[84][85][86]
The aquarium closed for four months starting in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, which shuttered almost all businesses citywide. With the reopening of the aquarium in July 2020, a new exhibit called Spineless, dedicated to invertebrate marine species, was opened.[87] The aquarium fully re-opened from Sandy damage in July 2022.[88]
Exhibits
As of 2018[update], the New York Aquarium consists of five exhibits: Aquatheater; Conservation Hall; Sea Cliffs; Spineless; and Ocean Wonders: Sharks.[89]
The original Bathysphere, a deep-sea submersible that made historic journeys underwater in the 1930s, is on display at the aquarium.[90]
Notable people
- Charles Haskins Townsend served as director from 1902 to 1937.
- Ida May Mellen worked at the New York Aquarium from 1916 to 1929.
- James Arthur Oliver was director from 1970 until 1976. Oliver also held directorships at the Bronx Zoo and the American Museum of Natural History during his career - the only person to have been director of all three institutions.
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External links
- Official website
- New York Aquarium on zooinstitutes.com