New York Cosmos (1970–1985)
Full name | New York Cosmos Cosmos (1977–78) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nickname(s) | The Cosmos | ||
Founded | December 10, 1970[1] Name established on February 4, 1971[2] | ||
Dissolved | 1985 | ||
Stadium | See Stadiums | ||
League | North American Soccer League Major Indoor Soccer League | ||
Final season 1984 | 3rd in Eastern Division | ||
|
The New York Cosmos (simply the Cosmos in 1977–1978) were an American professional soccer club based in New York City and its suburbs. The team played home games in three stadiums around New York, including Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, before moving in 1977 to Giants Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey, where the club remained for the rest of its history.
Founded in December 1970, the team competed in the
As the Cosmos declined following Pelé's retirement, so did the NASL. Attendances fell, the league's television deal was lost, and it finally folded in 1985 after playing its last season in 1984. The Cosmos attempted to continue operations in the Major Indoor Soccer League, but attendances were so low that the club withdrew without completing a season. The team attempted an independent schedule in 1985, but also canceled that because of low attendance. The Cosmos folded, though the team's youth camps continued to operate under the Cosmos name and label, run by the franchise's former general manager, G. Peppe Pinton.
The Cosmos name remained very well known, even after it stopped competing. Numerous attempts were made to revive it during the 1990s and 2000s, most notably as a Major League Soccer (MLS) club. Seeking to retain the Cosmos' heritage, Pinton refused to sell the name and image rights, believing that MLS would not honor them. Following a change of attitude by MLS towards the NASL's legacy and the revival of several former NASL names, Pinton sold the rights to an international, English-based consortium in August 2009. A new Cosmos team started playing in the second-tier North American Soccer League during the fall 2013 season, and following the league's folding in 2017, in the third-tier National Independent Soccer Association, but have been on hiatus since 2021.
History
Creation and naming
The club was founded in December 1970 by
North American Soccer League
The New York Cosmos entered the 1968-founded
Arrival of Pelé, Giorgio Chinaglia and the Cosmos' peak
It was during the 1975 season that the Cosmos acquired the Brazilian star Pelé,[13] whom they had been attempting to sign since the team was created.[14] Ross had apparently not heard of him before getting involved in soccer, but agreed to finance the transfer when Toye compared the Brazilian's popularity to that of the Pope. Pelé joined the Cosmos on June 10, 1975, on a salary of $1.4 million per year, an enormous wage for an athlete at that time. A number of contracts—only one of which mentioned soccer—were set up for Pelé to ensure that he paid the lowest amount of tax possible, including one as a "recording artist" with Warner subsidiary Atlantic Records. "We owned him lock, stock and barrel," Toye retrospectively boasted. They also signed Mike Dillon in 1975.[15]
The Pelé deal was later described by Gavin Newsham, an English writer, as "the transfer coup of the century".[16] His arrival turned the Cosmos from a motley crew of foreigners, semi-professionals and students into a huge commercial presence. The club's groundsman, on hearing that the Brazilian's début for New York was to be broadcast on CBS, spray-painted the pitch green to disguise how little grass was on it: the match, against the Dallas Tornado, was broadcast to 22 countries and covered by more than 300 journalists from all over the world.[15][16]
Although New York finished third at season end, it was still too low a placing to reach the post-season.
Crowds rose with the arrival of these and other European and South American international players,[10] resulting in a move back to Yankee Stadium for the 1976 season. With numerous foreign stars arriving at the Cosmos, the team's competitive performance improved, as New York reached the play-offs at the end of the season, but lost in the divisional championship match to the Tampa Bay Rowdies.[10] The Cosmos relocated again before the 1977 season, to the newly constructed Giants Stadium in New Jersey, and at the same time dropped the prefix "New York" and played simply as "the Cosmos", without a geographical name. The city name was restored in 1979.[10][17]
Bradley returned as coach for the 1977 season in place of the dismissed Furphy, but was removed after half of the season to become the club's vice-president of player personnel.
On Pelé's farewell tour in 1977, the Cosmos made history by becoming the first Western professional sports team to play in China.[20]: 154 They drew their opening match with the Chinese national team 1-1, and lost the second game 2-1 despite Pelé scoring a free kick.[21]
Decline of the Cosmos and the NASL
After the retirement of Pelé in 1977, much of the progress that American soccer had made during his stay was lost; there was no star at the same level to replace him as the NASL's headline act.[16] After enduring briefly during the late 1970s, attendances dropped after 1980. The sport's popularity fell and the media lost interest.[16] The deal with broadcaster ABC to broadcast NASL matches was also lost in 1980, and the 1981 Soccer Bowl was only shown on tape delay.[22] All of the franchises quickly became unprofitable, and a salary cap enforced before the 1984 season only delayed the inevitable.[22] The league folded at the end of 1984, following the loss of most of its franchises.[10][22][23]
The Cosmos had financial problems of their own, on top of those affecting the league in general. Much of the Cosmos' ability to attract the well-known overseas players it had acquired was due to the financial resources of parent company
Major Indoor Soccer League, demise and youth soccer
Following the collapse of the NASL, the team competed in the Major Indoor Soccer League during the 1984–85 season, with Klivecka briefly returning as coach,[24] but withdrew after 33 games due to low attendance. Although the organization did not field a team following that season except for an aborted independent schedule in 1985 the Cosmos' youth soccer camps, which the team had started in 1977, remained in operation.[25] The camps were run by former Cosmos general manager G. Peppe Pinton, who retained ownership of the Cosmos name, logo and records. Pinton continued the youth programs at Ramapo College in Mahwah, New Jersey. Summer camps program existed since 1978 after one year Pelé's retirement. Then Pinton took over with the Cosmos camps and became team's coach from 1989 to 2003, replacing Ken Medaska and Peter Valente.[26][27]
New Cosmos team
Since the original New York Cosmos club stopped competing in 1985, there had been attempts to revive it. With the rise of
Cultural impact and influence on U.S. soccer
Sometimes, in the dressing room, I think I am in Hollywood.
Franz Beckenbauer on the atmosphere surrounding the Cosmos[15]
When Pelé arrived at the Cosmos in 1975, American soccer was, in Newsham's phrase, "dying a slow, painful and largely unnoticed death".[16] The sport was not taken seriously by the bulk of the American media, and was of little interest to the public. Matches were often played in front of almost-empty stands, receiving modest press coverage.[16] The signing of Pelé by the Cosmos transformed soccer across the country almost immediately, lending credibility not only to the Cosmos, but also to the NASL and soccer in general. Within days of the Brazilian's arrival, the increased media attention had caused the Cosmos' office staff to increase from five people to more than 50. Soccer became seen as a viable alternative to more traditional "American" sports such as basketball, baseball and American football. The Cosmos, in particular, became an internationally famous club – "the most glamorous team in world football", in Newsham's words, or "soccer demigods" in those of ESPN writer David Hirshey.[16]
We were as big as the Yankees and bigger than the Giants. We had our own tables at all the clubs. But we weren't any more decadent than players today.
Shep Messing on the Cosmos' cultural stature[36]
The Cosmos, as the flagship team of the NASL, embodied what Hirshey labeled the "nexus of soccer and showbiz", and became
However, just as Pelé had kick-started the development of soccer in the U.S., his retirement in 1977 would mark the start of a decline.[16] With nobody of the same stature to personify the sport, the popularity that had been built up nosedived just as quickly as it had appeared.[16] The league's television deal with ABC was lost at the end of 1980 and a salary cap, enforced before the 1984 season,[22] caused many of the remaining overseas stars—lured to America by fat pay packets—to return to the European and South American leagues.[16] The NASL collapsed abruptly in late 1984, and was not replaced by a new professional soccer league until Major League Soccer's first season in 1996.[15]
A feature-length documentary about the Cosmos, called Once in a Lifetime: The Extraordinary Story of the New York Cosmos, was released in theaters in 2006. The film, narrated by Matt Dillon, featured interviews with many of the players and personalities involved with the team.[15][36][37]
Uniforms and crest
For the team's initial uniform Cosmos general manager Clive Toye chose the green and yellow of the Brazil national team as part of his strategy to lure Pelé, one of that country's star players, to the United States.[14][38] The club's initial uniform was all green with yellow trim, with the colors reversed on the road uniform. Coincidentally, the colors were the same as those of the previous New York NASL team, the New York Generals, which had folded after the 1968 season.[10] When Pelé did come on board in 1975, the uniform was changed to all-white in imitation of his club in Brazil, Santos FC.[citation needed] The green and yellow elements were relegated to the trim. The green shirt was concurrently matched with white shorts to become the new away uniform. Uniforms designed by Ralph Lauren were used from 1979 to the end; the home uniform remained all-white, though with navy and yellow trim replacing the green and white trim of the previous outfit. The away uniform became navy shirts and shorts with yellow trim, paired with unusual yellow-and-navy hooped socks, which were later replaced with plain navy blue ones.[32]
The artist commissioned by Toye to design the team's logo was Wayland Moore, a sports artist from Atlanta who had already worked on the logo, uniform and program covers of that city's soccer team, the Chiefs. Moore attempted to create a design that was simple, recognizable and inclusive of New York's many nationalities. The three colored "blades" surrounding the soccer ball in the center represent movement, while the font originally used was chosen simply because it was easily legible on the uniform.[14][39] The text on the logo was shortened to "Cosmos" in 1977, concurrently with the team's dropping of the "New York" label. The city name was restored two years later, but the badge remained unchanged.
Uniform evolution
Uniform suppliers
Uniform suppliers used by the team:[40][41]
Period | Kit supplier | Notes |
---|---|---|
1971 | Denken Soccer LTD. | |
1972 | ||
1973 | ||
1974 | ||
1975 | ||
1975 | Champion | |
1976 | ||
1977 | Umbro Adidas Aertex Athleta |
|
1978 | Umbro Athleta Admiral[42] |
|
1979 | Admiral | |
1980 | Ellesse | |
1981 | ||
1982 | ||
1983 | ||
1984 | ||
1984 | Ellesse Adidas |
|
1985 | Ennerre |
Theme song
"The Cosmos Theme" | |
---|---|
Single by The Cosmic Highlanders | |
B-side | "The Cosmos Theme (Long Version)" |
Released | 1978 |
Genre | Funk/Soul/Disco |
Length | 3:15 |
Label | Atlantic Records |
Songwriter(s) | Alan Gorrie, Steve Ferrone |
Ahmet Ertegun used his connections to recruit Atlantic Records artists the Average White Band to create a theme song for the Cosmos. The resulting "The Cosmos Theme" was written by band members Alan Gorrie and Steve Ferrone, and recorded by the band under the pseudonym "The Cosmic Highlanders".[43]
Team management originally wanted to use "We Are the Champions" by Queen as the club's theme, but were convinced to use The Cosmos Theme in part by the cheerleaders, who enjoyed dancing to it.
The Cosmos Theme was played extensively at Giants Stadium, and on television broadcasts of Cosmos games.
Stadiums
The Cosmos' first home stadium was Yankee Stadium, home to both the New York Yankees baseball team and the New York Giants football team, where they played throughout the 1971 season. Attendances during the club's first year averaged at 4,517, less than 7% of the stadium's capacity, which was at that time 65,010. The Cosmos therefore moved before the 1972 season to the 15,000-seater Hofstra Stadium, on the campus of the namesake university 25 miles (40 km) east of metropolitan New York. After two seasons of continuing low crowds at this out-of-town location, the Cosmos moved again, relocating to the 22,500-capacity Downing Stadium before the 1974 season. It was at Downing Stadium that attendances started to rise significantly, buoyed by the arrival of stars such as Pelé, who arrived in 1975. For the Brazilian's first match, the stadium was full; "there must have been another 50,000 turned away", coach Gordon Bradley later claimed.[16]
These larger attendances necessitated another move, which occurred in 1976, when the Cosmos returned to Yankee Stadium. This time the team averaged 18,227 fans over the course of the season, over four times the average 1971 gate. The team then moved yet again before the 1977 season, to the newly built Giants Stadium, where attendances skyrocketed; crowds peaked at an average of 47,856 during 1978. The Cosmos remained at Giants Stadium for the rest of their time in the NASL. Attendances gradually fell as the league declined during the early 1980s, then finally slumped in 1984, when they dropped by more than half from the 1983 seasonal average.[10]
The largest crowd to attend a Cosmos home game was set in 1977, when the Fort Lauderdale Strikers visited for a playoff match. The game was attended by 77,691 fans,[15] which, at the time, was a record for American soccer.[44] The lowest average attendance for a season was 3,578, in 1974.[10] As of 2011, only Hofstra Stadium remains, now renamed James M. Shuart Stadium. Downing Stadium, the original Yankee Stadium and Giants Stadium were demolished in 2002, 2008 and 2010 respectively.[45][46][47]
While playing
Season | Average attendance[10] | Stadium |
---|---|---|
1971 | 4,517 | Yankee Stadium |
1972 | 4,282 | Hofstra Stadium |
1973 | 5,782 | Hofstra Stadium |
1974 | 3,578 | Downing Stadium |
1975 | 10,450 | Downing Stadium |
1976 | 18,227 | Yankee Stadium |
1977 | 34,142 | Giants Stadium |
1978 | 47,856 | Giants Stadium |
1979 | 46,690 | Giants Stadium |
1980 | 42,754 | Giants Stadium |
1981 | 34,835 | Giants Stadium |
1982 | 28,479 | Giants Stadium |
1983 | 27,242 | Giants Stadium |
1984 | 12,817 | Giants Stadium |
Supporters
The Cosmos sought to maximize their fanbase by appealing to as wide a demographic as possible. The club's name and badge were designed to be inclusive of New York's many immigrant communities; the logo purposefully avoided the standard American red, white and blue.[citation needed] In this the Cosmos succeeded, attracting noticeable support from local Europeans, Middle-Easterners and South Americans. The association of the team with the city's high society in both social and sporting contexts led to it becoming very popular among celebrities, both American and international.[15][16][39][49] "We transcended everything, every culture, every socio-economic boundary," goalkeeper Shep Messing said in 2006. "We were international, we were European, we were cool, we were Americans from the Bronx. We were everything to everybody."[16]
Players
The New York Cosmos are famous for having fielded numerous well-known players, almost all of whom were from outside the United States: examples include
Retired numbers
Club captains
Years | Name | Nation |
---|---|---|
1971 | John Young | Scotland |
1972–1975 | Barry Mahy | England |
1976–1977 | Keith Eddy | England |
1977–1979 | Werner Roth | United States |
1980–1983 | Giorgio Chinaglia | Italy |
1984 | Vladislav Bogićević | Yugoslavia |
Head coaches
The New York Cosmos' first head coach was the English-American professional
Klivecka was replaced before the 1980 season by Brazilian coach Júlio Mazzei, who won the Cosmos' fourth title at the end of that campaign before being succeeded by two joint head coaches, Hennes Weisweiler & Yasin Özdenak, in 1980. This duo's team came second in the 1981 NASL before Mazzei returned in 1982 and won his second championship with the Cosmos during that year. Firmani returned in 1984, the NASL's final year, in which the Cosmos failed to make the playoffs. Firmani remained as the team entered the Major Indoor Soccer League for the 1984–85 season, but was fired in early December, halfway through the season, and replaced by Klivecka, who returned after two games under the caretaker management of goalkeeper Hubert Birkenmeier. Klivecka was retained until the team ceased competitive play.[24]
Name | Country | From | To | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gordon Bradley | United States | 1971 | 1975 | Player-coach[7] |
Ken Furphy | England | 1976 | 1976 | [7] |
Gordon Bradley | United States | 1976 | 1977 | [7] |
Eddie Firmani | Italy | 1977 | 1979 | [7][18] |
Ray Klivecka | United States | 1979 | 1979 | [24] |
Júlio Mazzei | Brazil | 1979 | 1980 | [19] |
Hennes Weisweiler | West Germany | 1980 | 1981 | Joint with Özdenak[55] |
Yasin Özdenak | Turkey | 1980 | 1981 | Joint with Weisweiler[55] |
Júlio Mazzei | Brazil | 1982 | 1983 | [19][55] |
Eddie Firmani | Italy | 1984 | 1984 | [24] |
Hubert Birkenmeier | West Germany | 1984 | 1984 | Caretaker[24] |
Ray Klivecka | United States | 1984 | 1985 | [24] |
Honors
With five championships and seven first-place finishes, the Cosmos still rank as tied for the
Honor | Year(s) | |
---|---|---|
North American Soccer League |
Champions | 1972, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982 |
Runners-up | 1981 | |
Regular season titles | 1972, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 | |
Conference titles | 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982 | |
Divisional titles | 1972, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 | |
North American Soccer League Indoor | Runners-Up | 1983–84
|
Trans-Atlantic Challenge Cup | Winners | 1980, 1983, 1984 |
Runners-up | 1981, 1982 |
Friendly matches and world tour
New York Cosmos had many friendly matches in domestic and abroad.
See also
- Soccer in New York City
References
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- ^ Newsham (2006). p. 22.
- ^ "New York soccer club is nicknamed Cosmos". The New York Times. New York City. February 5, 1971.
Cosmos became the nickname yesterday for New York's entry in the North American Soccer League. The name was chosen from over 3,000 entries filed in a contest conducted through the metropolitan area.
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- ^ @DaveMartinezNY (June 5, 2019). "Does that mean he made right move saying no (to joining MLS)? Not really. Hell, several of Seamus' decisions at the LEAGUE level cost NASL. But back to the point – I can at the very least UNDERSTAND why he didnt want to give up his new purchase for a stake in a league rather than pour $ in club" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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I was involved in youth soccer with Phil Woosnam. He introduced me to Clive about the time the Cosmos started building a team. From our meetings, I designed the Cosmos logo. ... I designed the uniforms and logo for the Chiefs. I painted all the program covers. ... First it must be recognizable at a glance, it must show movement of soccer. Clive picked the colors because their colors are bright and fit the great outdoors of stadiums. ... [T]hese colors I used seems to cross more boundaries. The logo is simple and to the point with shapes creating movement from the soccer ball. ... The font was simple and easy to read on a uniform.
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The international crowd that we attracted ... South Americans, Italians, Greeks, Turks, Brazilians, and Argentinians.
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- ^ Michael Spanos. "The day Greece faced NY Cosmos". National Herald. Retrieved June 27, 2023.