Newburgh, New York
Newburgh, New York | ||
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FIPS code 36-50034 | | |
Primary airport | Stewart International Airport | |
Website | www |
Newburgh is a
The Newburgh area was first settled in the early 18th century by the
Newburgh is the location of numerous preserved landmarks, including Washington's Headquarters, the David Crawford House, New York State Armory, the Dutch Reformed Church, and Newburgh Colored Burial Ground. George Washington and Franklin Delano Roosevelt had ties to the city; Ulysses S. Grant, Robert Kennedy, and Theodore Roosevelt also visited, the latter delivering a famous speech at a nearby shipyard. The city served as a planning ground for the Gothic Revival architectural movement in America, headed by native Andrew Jackson Downing with English architects Calvert Vaux and Frederick Clarke Withers.
Mount Saint Mary College is a private liberal arts college located here.
History
At the time of European contact the area of Newburgh was occupied by the Waoranek, a branch of the Lenape. The area that became Newburgh was first explored by Europeans when Henry Hudson stopped by during his 1609 expedition up the river that now bears his name. His navigator, Robert Juet, is said to have called the site "a pleasant place to build a town",[6] although some later historians believe he may actually have been referring to the area where Cornwall-on-Hudson now stands.
Around 1683,
In April 1782, General
Growth
In 1793, Newburgh's first newspaper, The Newburgh Packet, was established. The hamlet of Newburgh was incorporated as a village in 1800. At the time of its settlement it was in Ulster County and was that county's seat. When Rockland County was split from Orange County in 1798, Newburgh and the other towns north of Moodna Creek were put in a redrawn Orange County. Newburgh thus lost its status as the county seat to Goshen, but as a political compromise supreme court sessions continued to be heard in Newburgh as well as the county seat of Goshen, the only place in New York State this is permitted. Although technically still permitted by statute, this practice was discontinued in the mid-1960s. The former County courthouse still stands as Newburgh's old city courthouse building (currently used as municipal office space).
By 1793 there were four sloop lines operating out of Newburgh. As new turnpikes opened trade extended into the interior, passenger coaches and farm wagons raveled as far west as
On the evening of September 24, 1824, beacon fires in the Hudson Highlands announced the arrival of the Marquis de Lafayette. Having been feted in New York, he sailed upriver on the chartered steamer James Kent. The next day, people came from the surrounding towns to catch a glimpse of the general as he made his way to a reception at the Orange Hotel. The Rev. John Brown of St. George's Episcopal Church was part of the welcoming committee. At 2 am., Lafayette sailed from Reeve & Falls dock for Poughkeepsie.[10]
The Erie Railroad charter was amended April 8, 1845, to allow the building of the Newburgh Branch, running from the main line near Greycourt northeast to Newburgh, also on the Hudson River. The branch opened January 8, 1850.[10] It was later used as a connection to the New York and New England Railroad via a car float operation across the river to Beacon, New York.
Newburgh was chartered as a city in April 1865.
Newburgh became quite prosperous during the
With its situation on the Hudson River, midway between New York City and Albany, it became a transportation hub and an industrial center. Its industries included the manufacturing of cottons, woolens, silks, paper, felt hats, baking powder, soap, paper boxes, brick, plush goods, steam boilers, tools, automobiles, coin silver, bleach, candles, waterway gates, ice machines, pumps, moving-picture screens, overalls, perfumes, furniture, carpets, carburetors, spiral springs, spiral pipe, shirt waists, shirts, felt goods, lawn mowers; shipyards; foundries and machine shops; tanneries; leatherette works; and plaster works.
J. J. Nutt said of Newburgh:[14]
The year 1891 finds us the most thriving city on the Hudson, with citizens full of spirit of public enterprise, with public institutions comparatively unequalled, and with apparently every factor and requisite to ensure its bright future as a manufacturing and commercial city of importance...
— J. J. Nutt
Newburgh was home to the second Edison power plant, which installed and powered 126 lamps at the Orange Woolen Mill, and was the second American city (after New York's Pearl Street) to have a street lit using electricity.[7] Broadway, which at 132 feet (40 m) in width is one of the widest streets in the state of New York, runs through the city culminating with views of the Hudson River.
20th and 21st centuries
Newburgh played a pivotal role in television history. In October 1939,
Newburgh was one of the first cities in the country to fluoridate its water in 1945.[16][17]
In the late 20th century the industrial base of the city declined as industries relocated operations south or to other locations with cheaper labor costs and lower taxes. The Hudson River, which previously served as the main means of transporting goods, lost much of its shipping traffic to
In 1962, Lloyd's Department Store became the first major shopping center in Newburgh. Its motto was "Years Ahead". Many features of Lloyd's, including widely divergent ministores under one roof, did not become common in other shopping centers for many decades. Lloyd's successfully drew a great deal of retail business away from the downtown area. In 1964, the Mid Valley Mall opened, also outside of the city limits in Newburgh, and attracted many long-established local businesses away from the waterfront and downtown city of Newburgh. Other retail shopping malls soon sprang up, all also outside the city of Newburgh, and the retail industry of the city declined further. The city continued to lose its previously well regarded retail sector along Water Street and Broadway to the suburban shopping malls, which did not share the city's congested parking and traffic problems or the perceived rising crime rate.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the city's response to the economic decline was an ambitious
A grand complex that was planned for the urban renewal area was never built when state and federal spending began to dry up after the 1973 oil crisis. To this day, the blocks which slope down to the river remain open, grassy slopes, offering sweeping views of the Hudson but generating no property taxes for the city. Public sentiment is mixed on whether they should be built on again at all, and the city's view-protection ordinances make it less likely. Below, the waterfront was developed in the late 1990s after the city was once again able to secure grants from the state's Environmental Protection fund for riprap to stabilize the shoreline.
In the early 1960s, city manager
Newburgh in the early 21st century is more racially diverse than previously, with a growing
Geography
Newburgh is situated in the
Adjacent to Newburgh, the land rises at first sharply to a bluff, where many historic structures are located, offering sweeping views of the Hudson Highlands to the south; Mount Beacon to the east and the Newburgh—Beacon Bridge to the north; then more gradually to a relatively level western half. There are some notable hills in outlying areas such as the Washington Heights section in southeast Newburgh and Mount St. Mary's at the northeast. The lowest elevation in the city is at sea level along the river; the highest is roughly 690 feet (210 m) on Snake Hill along the city's boundary with the town of New Windsor.
According to the
Climate
Typical to Downstate New York, the city of Newburgh lies in the transitional zone between humid subtropical and humid continental climates under the Köppen climate classification.
Annually, according to
Climate data for Newburgh, New York (Stewart International Airport) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 71 (22) |
75 (24) |
87 (31) |
96 (36) |
97 (36) |
102 (39) |
103 (39) |
103 (39) |
105 (41) |
91 (33) |
82 (28) |
75 (24) |
105 (41) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 35 (2) |
39 (4) |
48 (9) |
61 (16) |
71 (22) |
80 (27) |
85 (29) |
83 (28) |
75 (24) |
63 (17) |
51 (11) |
40 (4) |
61 (16) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 18 (−8) |
20 (−7) |
28 (−2) |
38 (3) |
48 (9) |
57 (14) |
61 (16) |
60 (16) |
53 (12) |
45 (7) |
33 (1) |
22 (−6) |
40 (5) |
Record low °F (°C) | −22 (−30) |
−18 (−28) |
−3 (−19) |
15 (−9) |
27 (−3) |
38 (3) |
45 (7) |
40 (4) |
29 (−2) |
19 (−7) |
8 (−13) |
−13 (−25) |
−22 (−30) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.66 (93) |
3.20 (81) |
3.89 (99) |
4.13 (105) |
4.11 (104) |
4.56 (116) |
4.59 (117) |
4.61 (117) |
4.47 (114) |
4.99 (127) |
4.33 (110) |
4.20 (107) |
50.74 (1,289) |
Source: The Weather Channel[20] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 12,578 | — | |
1870 | 17,014 | 35.3% | |
1880 | 18,049 | 6.1% | |
1890 | 23,087 | 27.9% | |
1900 | 24,943 | 8.0% | |
1910 | 27,805 | 11.5% | |
1920 | 30,366 | 9.2% | |
1930 | 31,275 | 3.0% | |
1940 | 31,883 | 1.9% | |
1950 | 31,956 | 0.2% | |
1960 | 30,979 | −3.1% | |
1970 | 26,219 | −15.4% | |
1980 | 23,438 | −10.6% | |
1990 | 26,454 | 12.9% | |
2000 | 28,259 | 6.8% | |
2010 | 28,866 | 2.1% | |
2020 | 28,856 | 0.0% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[21] |
Newburgh's census-estimated population according to the American Community Survey was 28,282 in 2018, down from 28,866 in 2010.[22] There were 11,765 housing units in 2018. The city's inhabitants were 20.1% non-Hispanic white, 24.2% African American, .3% American Indian or Alaska native, 1.1% Asian, .5% from some other race, 2.9% from two or more races, and 50.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race in 2018. Of the Hispanic or Latin American population, Mexicans numbered 5,093 (18.0%), Puerto Ricans 3,337 (11.8%), Cubans 44 (.2%) and other Hispanic or Latin Americans 5,893 (20.85%). A sizable Asian community of Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans resided in the city. The largest multiracial groups were black-white mixed race people and Eurasians.[22]
There were 9,358 households, out of which 20.0% had children under 6 living with them and 52.4% had children aged 6 to 17.[23] 42.0% of households had one or more people under 18 years and 30.4% had one or more people aged 60 and older living. The average household size was 2.92. In 2018, there were 5,752 families with an average family size of 3.8. Among unmarried-partner households, .9% were same-sex and 9.4% were opposite sex.
31.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 68.3% were 18 and older, and 9.4% were aged 65 and older. The median age was 29.1 years, a slight increase since 2000's census.[24] For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males living in Newburgh. 55.4% of the city only spoke English and 44.6% spoke a language other than English.[25] 41.5% understood Spanish in 2018 and 2.6% spoke another Indo-European language. 0.3% spoke Pacific Islander languages.
The median income for a household from 2014 to 2018 was $37,900 and the mean income was $53,772.
Religion
According to
St. George's Episcopal Church
In 1728 the Rev. Richard Charlton was sent from England to be a missionary to the people of New Windsor in then Ulster County (later Newburgh in Orange County). St. George's Church developed from St. Thomas' Church in New Windsor. In 1770, during the tenure of the Rev. John Sayre, St. George's Church was granted a royal charter by King George III. The Rev. Mr. Sayres left for Canada at the time of the Revolution. In 1790 Rev George Spierin served as both minister and schoolmaster, but resigned in 1793. St. George's Church was re-established in 1805.[31] In 1838 the Rev Dr. John Brown organized St. George's Cemetery, open to members of any race, religion or belief. He was also a founder of St. Luke's Hospital.[32] Originally, services were held in the old Glebe schoolhouse until the church was built in 1819. In 1834 the bell tower was added. Dr. Brown was succeeded by his assistant, Rev. Octavius Applegate who founded the mission chapel, of the Good Shepherd.[10]
St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church
The first Catholic service in Newburgh took place around 1816 when Mass was said in the house of Henry Gilmore on Western Avenue (now Broadway) by Rev. James McKenna. He was followed in 1817 by Rev. Ffrench. A church was formed in 1826, served by circuit-riding missionaries. Rev. Philip O'Reilly made Newburgh the base from which he served other communities.[33] St. Patrick's Church was founded in 1836. Fr. Patrick Duffy was the first pastor and served for seventeen years until his death in 1853.[34] He was followed by Rev. Gallagher, who was succeeded by Rev. Edward J. O'Reilly. Father O'Reilly was followed by Father Broidy. A stone church building was completed in December 1842 and formally dedicated by Bishop
In 1879 Right Rev. Monsignor J.F. Mooney became pastor and started the mission of St. Joseph's in New Windsor. He also founded Calvary Cemetery which opened on May 30, 1898.
St. Patrick's began its Hispanic ministry in the mid-1960s. In 1966 Father John Filippelli of the
St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church
St. Mary's Church was founded in 1875, when the archbishop, John McCloskey divided the original parish creating Mary's parish in the northern part. The first mass in the parish was on Easter Sunday, 1875, in the opera-house. In 1880 the building occupied by the church until 2015 was erected at Gidney Avenue and South Street. [35] In 1883 Mount Saint Mary College was founded. In 1884 St. Mary's Parochial School opened on September 1, 1886.[10]
St. Mary's Parish was merged with St. Patrick's effective August 1, 2015. The church building was shuttered and closed and has not been used since that date.
Crime
Newburgh was ranked more dangerous than 95 percent of US cities by website NeighborhoodScout, based on 2012 FBI crime data.[36] This group also ranked Newburgh as the tenth most dangerous place to live in the United States based on the same 2012 dataset.[37] It was ranked at number 12 in the previous year's rankings.[38]
In 2010, The New York Times wrote an extensive article on gang activity in Newburgh.[39]
In 2014, Newburgh began implementing a program called "
Economy
Newburgh was once a major economic hub between New York City and the New York State capital of Albany. Partly due to suburbanization and other economic factors the city suffered an economic decline from the 1960s to first quarter of the 21st century. Currently over 11,400 residents are employed within the city limits.[42]
The largest industries as of 2020 were
Arts and culture
Preservation
Newburgh's preservation history can be traced all the way back to 1850 when Washington's Headquarters was designated a state historic site, the first in the country. The Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands was chartered by the State of New York and incorporated in 1884. The David Crawford House on Montgomery Street, built in 1830, is the current home of the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands.
The city's modern preservation efforts began when the Dutch Reformed Church, a Greek Revival structure designed by Alexander Jackson Davis, was slated for demolition as part of urban renewal after the congregation left the building in 1967. The movement to stop it led to the development of a historic district, now the second largest in New York State. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places three years later,[43] and in 2001 became the city's second National Historic Landmark after Washington's Headquarters.
The city was designated a Preserve America community in 2005 and it also signed an agreement with the State Office of Historic Preservation as a Certified Local Government community. Its East End Historic District, recognized by the National Register of Historic Places as that and the Montgomery-Grand-Liberty Streets Historic District, has the most contributing properties of any historic district in the state.
The city's historic architecture, featuring designs by Alexander Jackson Davis, Calvert Vaux, Andrew Jackson Downing, Frederick Clarke Withers, George E. Harney, John H. Duncan, J. A. Wood, Warren and Wetmore, James Riely Gordon, and McKim, Mead & White have attracted a stable core of preservation-minded community activists willing to invest, spend time, and money in renovating property. Other notable native architects include Thornton MacNess Niven, ancestor of playwright Thornton Wilder, Elkanah K. Shaw, and Frank E. Estabrook, known for his civic buildings.
Public historical sites
- Old Town Cemetery — The city's first burying ground and religious site, with gravestones dating to the mid 18th century. Features a unique Egyptian Revival tomb thought to be designed by Davis.
- Newburgh Colored Burial Ground — Former site of a Black cemetery, destroyed around the turn of the 20th century. Construction in a parking lot prompted an archeological dig, which revealed possibly hundreds of remains.
- St. George's Cemetery — An early planned rural cemetery situated in the city's East End, with several notable interments. Maintained by St. George's Episcopal Church, the oldest continually-operating church in the city.
- Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site — Headquarters of George Washington during the end of the Revolutionary War, and home of the Huguenot Hasbrouck family. It is the first publicly owned historic site in the United States.
- David Crawford House — Headquarters of the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands, who use the house as a museum and library. Built by David Crawford, a freighter and merchant who contributed to the development of the city.
- Downing Park — A Vaux-Olmstead-designed public park given to the memory of Downing. Features pathways similar to Central Park, with a small pond, cafe, amphitheatre, and pergola designed by Estabrook on the foundation of an 18th-century farmhouse.
Sports
Delano-Hitch formerly served as the home field for the
The
The Hudson Valley Highlanders of the North American Football League played their home games at Dietz Stadium in nearby Kingston.
Government
Newburgh has seven elected officials, a
In 1915 it became one of the first American cities to delegate routine governmental authority to a
In January 2009, Jean Anne McGrane, the first woman to hold the position, was fired for, among other issues, withholding an unfavorable federal report on the city's mishandling of two
The city has had five mayors and eight city managers (five if two who served twice are counted only once) since 2000. Two subsequent acting city managers, after McGrane, quit. Richard Herbek, the third acting manager, took the job months later. He resigned in 2013 amid reports that he had misrepresented an encounter with a prostitute the year before. The (former) police chief, Michael Ferrara, replaced him on an interim basis.[47] Michael G. Ciaravino was appointed City Manager of Newburgh on May 19, 2014, by unanimous vote of the City Council.[48]
In April 2018, Judy Kennedy, who was elected Newburgh's mayor in 2011, died of ovarian cancer at the age of 73, leaving the office vacant until her successor Torrance Harvey was appointed the following month.[49]
Newburgh is in the 18 Congressional District.[50]
Politics
Tensions flared during the city's hotly contested 1995 mayoral election. Allegations of electoral fraud had dogged the city's first African American woman mayor, Audrey Carey, since her 1991 victory in a four-way race. Supporters of Republican candidate Regina Angelo alleged that many registered voters in neighborhoods Carey had carried heavily used false addresses. In response, four years later deputy sheriffs were stationed at polling places and challenged voters to provide proof of residency and identity. Although she won, Carey's supporters claimed that the deputy sheriffs had singled out minority voters for such challenges, and accused the Republicans of voter suppression. These tensions were only aggravated when the council selected the city's Republican chairman at the time, Harry Porr, as the new city manager. Carey was defeated by Tyrone Crabb, a black man running on the Republican line, in 1999. Porr was fired, rehired and fired again in 2001. Crabb died suddenly of a heart attack ten days before he was slated to take office. The vacancy was filled by his widow, Mary.
Despite demographics and urban trends favoring
An independent documentary was made in 2004 about the mayoral race in Newburgh, called
In 2009, the Republican party did not field its own candidates for city council. Instead the Republican Committee endorsed two Democrats—one a former councilman, the other an incumbent councilwoman—and they were not opposed for the Republican nomination in the primary despite their being registered Democrats. The Conservative and Independence parties both nominated them also. They lost the Democratic primary and despite their appearing on three party lines they lost the November election to two straight Democrats, both one time Republicans.[51]
Newburgh declared itself a sanctuary city in March 2017.[52]
Education
In 1978, students at Newburgh Free Academy, the city's public high school, boycotted classes. This ultimately led to a major reorganization of the school system. Newburgh is served by the Newburgh Enlarged City School District.[53]
The local high school is called Newburgh Free Academy, and it is the largest public high school in Orange County. It serves approximately 3,000 students in grades 9–12 from the Newburgh area. Newburgh Free Academy is currently split into three campuses, with NFA Main located on Fullerton Avenue, NFA North located on Robinson Avenue a few blocks away, and NFA West located on West Street. Between the three campuses, there are roughly over 4,300 students enrolled. Two colleges are located in Newburgh, Mount Saint Mary College and the Newburgh campus of SUNY Orange.
Media
Newburgh is within the
Infrastructure
Transportation
The River Rose is a sight-seeing ferry on a paddlewheel style boat. While it does not offer point-to-point commuter service across the Hudson River, from May 31 to October 31 it offers local cruises.[56][57] Hudson River Adventures runs sightseeing tours on its conventional style cruise Pride of the Hudson, running cruises, May to October.[58]
New York State Route 32 and U.S. Route 9W pass through the city. New York State Route 17K and New York State Route 207 also reach their eastern termini within city limits. Interstate 84 passes just north of the city and the New York State Thruway (I-87) not far to the west.
Public safety
Police
Newburgh's early police department consisted of twenty-two officers. On April 6, 1869, the Newburgh Police Department was authorized with regulations by the Common Council Ordinance. The first headquarters of the department was on First Street between Montgomery and Smith Street. Its current headquarters is located on both Broadway and Grand Street.[63]
Fire
Newburgh's Fire Department operates out of two citywide firehouses. The department runs a frontline apparatus fleet of four engine companies (including two reserve engines), two ladder companies (including one reserve ladder), one fire boat, one fire alarm truck, and seven support units. It also houses and runs one of the Orange County Technical Rescue trailers as well as a foam trailer as part of the NYS Foam Task Force.
In 1934 the earlier volunteer companies were replaced by a professional department.[64]
Hospitals
The city's economy is also stimulated by several hospitals and medical institutions including Montefiore St. Lukes Cornwall Hospital, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) and Hudson Valley Healthcare System.
Water supply
In May 2016, the city requested help for its
Notable people
- Shad Barry, former MLB player
- Augustus Belknap (1841–1889), businessman, railway executive, Union Army officer, and alderman of San Antonio
- William W. Belknap (1829–1890), U.S. Secretary of War
- civil rights attorney known for work on same-sex marriage
- Harry Griffith Cramer Jr. (1926-1957) US Army Special Forces captain, first American soldier killed in the Vietnam War
- James Cromitie, leader of the 2009 Bronx terrorism plot
- Elias Smith Dennis (1812–1894), U.S. Army general
- Andrew Jackson Downing (1815–1852), architect and landscape designer
- Geraldine Ferraro (1935–2011), Democratic Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1979–1985) and the Democratic vice presidential candidate in 1984
- Pardison Fontaine (1989-), singer, songwriter and rapper
- Michael C. Gross (1945–2015), artist, designer and film producer. Gross designed the logo for the movie Ghostbusters and was the Art Director for National Lampoon from 1970 to 1974
- William S. Hart (1864–1946), actor[67]
- Edward Howell (1792–1871), former U.S. Congressman
- William T. Innis (1826–1901), Wisconsin state legislator and farmer
- Augustus Jones (1757–1836), American-born surveyor who performed some land transfers in Newburgh area before embarking his career and majority of life in Upper Canada (now Ontario)
- Ellsworth Kelly (1923–2015), artist
- Judy Kennedy, (1945–2018), politician and businesswoman, Mayor of Newburgh
- Jeff Klein (1976–), singer, songwriter and musician
- Lee Lorenz, cartoonist
- Rob Affuso, former drummer of the band Skid Row
- Martin B. McKneally (1914–1992), national commander of the American Legion (1959–1960) and was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1968–1970)
- Albert J. Myer (1828–1880), United States Army general
- Benjamin Barker Odell, Jr.(1854–1926), Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives (March 4, 1895 – March 4, 1899) and Governor of New York State (1900–1904)
- James Patterson (1947–), novelist
- David Law Proudfit (1842-1897), poet and lithographer
- Homer Ramsdell (1810—1894), influential businessman and railroad president
- Adjutant General of the U.S. Armyfrom 1893 to 1897
- Fannie Morris Spencer (1865-1943), organist and composer
- Joe Steffy, football player for Tennessee and Army, Korean War veteran
- Paul Teutul Sr. (1949–), founder of Orange County Choppers, a manufacturer of custom motorcycles
- Albert W. Van Duzer (1917–1999), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey, serving from 1973 to 1982[68]
- James Varick (1750—1827) first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
- Coulton Waugh (1896–1973), artist (of Dickie Dare comic strip) and mapmaker
- Saul Williams (1972–), poet, actor and hip hop artist
- John E. Wool (1784–1869), officer in the U.S. Army
See also
- List of cities in New York
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Further reading
- E. M. Ruttenber, History of Orange County with History of the City of Newburgh (Newburgh, 1876)
- J. J, Nutt, Newburgh: Her Institutions, Industries, and Leading Citizens (Newburgh, 1891)
- L. P. Powell (editor), Historic Towns of the Middle States (New York, 1899)
- J.P. Ritz, "The Despised Poor, Newburgh's War on Welfare" (Beacon Press, 1966)