Newbury, Berkshire

Coordinates: 51°24′04″N 1°19′23″W / 51.401°N 1.323°W / 51.401; -1.323
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Newbury
Market town
Newbury clock tower at sunset in 2018
Flag
Newbury is located in Berkshire
Newbury
Newbury
Location within Berkshire
Area9.9 km2 (3.8 sq mi)
Population33,841 (2021 Census)[1]
• Density3,418/km2 (8,850/sq mi)
OS grid referenceSU4767
• London60 mi (100 km)[2]
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townNEWBURY
Postcode districtRG14
Dialling code01635
PoliceThames Valley
FireRoyal Berkshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Berkshire
51°24′04″N 1°19′23″W / 51.401°N 1.323°W / 51.401; -1.323

Newbury is a market town in West Berkshire, England, in the valley of the River Kennet. It is 26 miles (42 km) south of Oxford, 25 miles (40 km) north of Winchester, 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Swindon and 20 miles (32 km) west of Reading. It is also where West Berkshire Council is headquartered.

Newbury lies on the edge of the

landscape gardens and mansions, such as Highclere Castle. The local economy is inter-related to that of the eastern M4 corridor, which has most of its industrial, logistical and research businesses close to Newbury, mostly around Reading, Bracknell, Maidenhead and Slough. Together with the adjoining town of Thatcham, 3 miles (5 km) distant, Newbury forms the principal part of an urban area of approximately 70,000 people.[3]

Newbury is also home to

listed buildings
.

History

Part of the facade of Camp Hopson of Newbury, dating from 1663 with classical brick pilasters, in 2014.
Donnington Castle
17th century almshouses

There was a

villeins
(resident farmhands, unfree peasant who owed his lord labour services), 11 bordars (unfree peasants with less land than villans/villeins), and 51 enclosures (private parks) rendering 70s 7d.

Doubt has been cast over the existence of

Edward II directed that its bridge should be kept in good order.[8] By 1623, when the bridge collapsed, it was recorded as being built of wood, being 30 feet (9 metres) in length and 20 ft (6 m) in width, and having shops on it. The bridge was presumably rebuilt, as it is recorded that in 1644 a guard was placed on the bridge.[9]

Historically, the town's economic foundation was the cloth trade. This is reflected in the person of the 16th-century cloth magnate,

Elizabethan writer Thomas Deloney. Newbury was the site of two battles during the English Civil War, the First Battle of Newbury[11] (at Wash Common) in 1643, and the Second Battle of Newbury[12] (at Speen) in 1644. The nearby Donnington Castle[13]
was reduced to a ruin in the aftermath of the second battle. The disruption of trade during the civil war, compounded by a collapse of the local cloth trade in the late 16th century, left Newbury impoverished.

The local economy was boosted in the 18th century by the rise of

Speenhamland System which tied parish poor relief (welfare payments) to the cost of bread.[14]

In 1723, the Kennet Navigation made the River Kennet navigable downstream from Newbury to the

horse-racing. The last use of the stocks in Newbury, and probably the UK, was on 11 June 1872 when Mark Tuck was placed in them for 4 hours.[16] In the 1980s, British electronics firm Racal decided to locate their newly formed telecommunications company Racal Vodafone, later Vodafone UK
, in the town. In the subsequent decades Newbury became something of a regional centre for the high-tech industries, and the town has since enjoyed a return to general economic prosperity.

Greenham Common

Greenham Common in the late 80s

A large

heathland. This project then saw Greenham and Crookham
commons reopened to the public in 2000.

1943 bombing

On 10 February 1943, two German bombers, Dornier Do 217s from ll/KG40 Bomber unit in Holland, on a nuisance raid, followed the Great Western Railway line running west from London. One of the bombers headed towards Reading while the other followed the line all the way to Newbury. At 4:43pm the bomber dropped eight high-explosive bombs over the town. There had been no time for a warning siren. The Senior Council School, St. Bartholomew's Almshouses, St. John's Church (just the altar was left standing) and Southampton Terrace were all destroyed, and another 265 dwellings were damaged, many of which had to be demolished. St John's Church was completely rebuilt after the war. 15 people were killed and a further 41 people were injured, 25 seriously.[17]

Government

Newbury Town Hall, completed in 1881
Arms of Newbury Town Council
Shield
Gules on a Fesse Argent between in chief a Teazle Flower between two Garbs and in base as many Swords in saltire points upwards Or a Bar wavy Azure.
MottoFloruit Floreat
Granted to the borough council on 24th June 1948.[18]

Newbury is the administrative centre of the district administered by the

wards of the town, currently: Brummel Grove, Clay Hill, Falkland, Northcroft, Pyle Hill, Victoria and St Johns. In the 2023 United Kingdom local elections, the Liberal Democrats retained control of the Town Council, with 21 councillors elected, alongside 2 Green Party councillors.[20]

In the

Newbury constituency. Since the general election of December 2019 this constituency has been represented by Laura Farris, a Conservative. From 1999 to 2020 Newbury was part of the South East England European Parliament constituency electing MEPs by proportional representation
.

Twin towns

The twinning ceremonies were held at the Corn Exchange. Newbury is twinned with the following:

Geography

View of Newbury and surroundings from Donnington Castle

The

Civil Parish of Newbury consists of the town and the suburbs of Wash Common, The City, West Fields, East Fields and Speenhamland. The modern conurbation of Newbury, however, with close bus and road links and almost contiguous development, may be taken to include the surrounding villages of Speen, Donnington, Shaw and Greenham.[22] Speen, which is now a suburb of western Newbury, is roughly equidistant between Bristol[23] and London.[24]

Elevations vary from a minimum of 72 m

Lambourn Downs) partly forms its northern boundary, ending in the town. A tributary that is smaller still, the River Enborne, forms the southern boundary (and also the county boundary with Hampshire
).

Adjoining the town's south-eastern border is

Greenham Common and the famous Newbury Racecourse. Newbury is surrounded on three sides (north, west and south) by the North Wessex Downs. The downland to the south rises steeply out of the river valley providing scenic views, including Watership Down (made famous by the novel of the same name), Beacon Hill, the southeast's highest point Walbury Hill, and Combe Gibbet
.

Demography

Newbury has two very narrowly buffered settlements, Thatcham (25,267 inh. as at 2011) and

Shaw cum Donnington
(1,686 inh. as at 2011) forming an identifiable, informal greater Newbury urban and suburban conglomeration. In major use classes 11% of Newbury's land is occupied by roads and as of 2005, 34% of its land was occupied by domestic gardens.

2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005[25]
Output area Homes owned outright Owned with a loan Socially rented Privately rented Other km2 roads km2 water km2 domestic gardens Usual residents km2
Civil parish 3816 4549 2589 2464 133 1.146 0.189 3.430 41075 9.9

Economy

Part of the Vodafone Headquarters

Newbury and its immediate surroundings constitute the major commercial and retail centre of West Berkshire. The local economy is inter-related to that of the eastern M4 corridor which has most of its industrial, logistical and research businesses close to Newbury, Reading and Slough, with smaller industrial estates in the county at Theale, Bracknell and Maidenhead. Newbury is home to the United Kingdoms headquarters of the mobile network operator Vodafone, which is the town's largest employer with over 6,000 workers. Before moving to their £129 million headquarters in the outskirts of the town in 2002, Vodafone used 64 buildings spread across the town centre.[26]

As well as

Green Park Business Park near Reading.[27]

Transport

Rail

Today, Newbury is served by two railway stations, Newbury and Newbury Racecourse, which both are on the Reading to Taunton line. It was also served by the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway until this closed in the 1960s.

Road

Following a similar east–west route is the

A34 road
, which now bypasses Newbury to the west on an alignment partially using the old rail route (see also 'Newbury Bypass' below).

Until the completion of the bypass, the A34 and A4 met in the town centre at the Robin Hood Roundabout, a complicated gyratory system encompassing 6 approaching roads, a fire station, ambulance station and an exit on the inside of the roundabout, which has a north–south flyover across the roundabout. In 2007, the sculpture Couple in Conversation was unveiled on the roundabout, providing a new landmark for one of the major gateways into the town. Other significant roads radiating from Newbury include the A339 which now includes the renumbered part of the old A34 through the town centre and then heads towards Basingstoke and the M3 motorway, the A343 to Andover, the B4000 to Lambourn, the B4494 to Wantage and the B4009 to Streatley.

Bus services

Newbury's New Bus Station

Most local bus services were provided by Newbury Buses, a division of Reading Buses until August 2011, when they were transferred to private companies. The Link and route 7 remain in private hands, operated by Stagecoach South, with West Berkshire Connect also operating some services.

Newbury bypass

The town's location at the intersection of the routes from London to Bristol and from Southampton to Birmingham made it, for many years, a transport bottleneck. In 1963 a dual carriageway was built east of the town centre to ease congestion and the opening of the M4 motorway in 1971 moved the intersection of these major trunk routes three miles (five kilometres) north of the town, to Chieveley. The ring road around the town still suffered serious congestion and the Newbury bypass was proposed in 1981. The plans were approved in 1990. The road was built and finally opened in 1998. In August 2004, the improved A34-M4 junction was re-opened which allowed north–south traffic on the A34 to completely bypass the earlier roundabout at the M4. This junction continued to be improved, with new road markings and traffic signals completed in 2008.

  • The Kennet and Avon Canal runs through the middle of Newbury
    The Kennet and Avon Canal runs through the middle of Newbury
  • The Newbury Bypass near Donnington
    The
    Newbury Bypass near Donnington
  • Cheap Street
    Cheap Street
  • Northbrook Street, Newbury
    Northbrook Street, Newbury
  • Intersection between Northcroft Street, Northbrook Street and Bridge Street
    Intersection between Northcroft Street, Northbrook Street and Bridge Street

Education

Newbury has three main

secondary schools
:

There is also

special needs school
for deaf pupils.

Independent schools
nearby include:

Sports and leisure

The Berkshire Stand and The Grandstand at Newbury Racecourse
Newbury R.F.C. home ground

Newbury is home to one of

Hennessy Gold Cup, which normally takes place in late November. The Racecourse also frequently plays host to a series of concerts on race days during the summer, which has included Olly Murs, Craig David, Tom Jones, Rick Astley and Madness in recent years.[29]

Northcroft Lido in Newbury's Northcroft Park is one of the last remaining lidos in the United Kingdom. It was originally built in the 1890s, although the current structure was erected in the 1930s. The pool is still in use today and received a major renovation in summer 2023.[30] It is owned and subsidised by West Berkshire Council but is managed by an external contractor, Parkwood Leisure.[31]

Newbury was home to A.F.C. Newbury, with their home ground situated at Faraday Road near the town centre, but the club collapsed after Vodafone pulled its sponsorship of the team in May 2006.[32] A local pub team from the Old London Apprentice took over the Faraday Road ground temporarily and rebranded itself as Newbury F.C. in 2007, which has played in the Hellenic Football League since 2008. The team were forced to leave their home ground at Faraday Road in 2018, with the site remaining derelict since and the team playing in a number of temporary venues, including in nearby Lambourn. However, work began in May 2023 to restore the football ground at Faraday Road following the election of a new Liberal Democrat-run local council.[33]

Newbury's rugby union club Newbury R.F.C., founded in 1928, has been based at a purpose-built ground at Monks Lane since 1996.[34] The town has two cricket teams, including Newbury Cricket Club, founded in 1822 and playing at Northcroft Playing Fields,[35] and Falkland Cricket Club, which in May 2023 hosted the first ever professional cricket match in West Berkshire with a match between the Southern Vipers and South East Stars in the Charlotte Edwards Cup.[36]

Newbury has two athletics clubs, Team Kennet and Newbury Athletics Club, which train at the Crookham Common Athletics Track.[37] The town is also home to numerous golf courses. The most notable is situated at the historic Donnington Grove estate, built in 1763 and where a golf course was opened in 1993.[38]

raft race along the canal.[42]

The Corn Exchange

Newbury's arts scene is primarily centred around the Corn Exchange, a 400-seat auditorium situated in the Market Place which provides a venue for both professional and amateur live performances as well as hosting an independent cinema.[43] English rock band the Who performed at the Corn Exchange in 1966.[44] The Watermill Theatre, a 220-seat theatre, is located just outside Newbury in Bagnor,[45] and the former Greenham Common air force base is home to The Base, a dedicated arts centre which opened in 2019 in partnership with the Corn Exchange and Greenham Trust.[46]

Since 1979, the Newbury Spring Festival of classical music has brought internationally renowned soloists and ensembles to a variety of venues in and around the town. The Newbury Comedy Festival emerged as a major event in 2004 and played host to comedians such as Alan Carr and Jo Brand, but ended in 2012.

Newbury Showground, located to the north of the town centre in Hermitage, is also a major local events venue. Most notably, it hosts the annual Newbury Show every September, an agricultural and farming show which attracts over 50,000 visitors and which returned in 2023 after a 3-year hiatus.[47]

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian from the Hannington TV transmitter.

There are four main local

circulation):[48]

Places of interest

St Nicolas' Church
  • The Corn Exchange – theatre and cinema.
  • Kennet and Avon Canal shop and tearooms.
  • West Berkshire Museum.
  • Jack of Newbury
    's House.
  • Perpendicular
    style.
  • St Joseph's Church, Newbury, Roman Catholic church with Italianate architecture.
  • almshouses
    ).
  • Raymond Almshouses, Newtown Road, built in 1796, founded by Philip Jemmett of Kintbury, and endowed by his daughter Anne and her husband Sir Jonathan Raymond, Alderman of the City of London.[49][50]
  • The Litten Chapel
    .
  • The Falkland Memorial.
  • Donnington Castle.
  • Nearby places of interest include
    Watership Down
    .
  • New Greenham Arts – an ex-US military building on
    Greenham Common
    airbase, now used to house artist studios, and a performing arts centre.
  • Disused GAMA cruise missile storage area at Greenham Common.
  • Greenham Control Tower cafe and museum.

Notable people

Richard Adams
Francis Baily

A number of notable people have originated from, worked, lived or died in Newbury:

Nobles killed at the First Battle of Newbury

See also

Citations

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General and cited references

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Newbury and Thatcham.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Newbury, Berkshire.
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