Newry

Coordinates: 54°10′34″N 6°20′56″W / 54.176°N 6.349°W / 54.176; -6.349
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Newry (disambiguation).

Newry
  • 2021 Census)[3]
Irish grid referenceJ085265
District
County
CountryNorthern Ireland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townNEWRY
Postcode districtBT34, BT35
Dialling code028
PoliceNorthern Ireland
FireNorthern Ireland
AmbulanceNorthern Ireland
UK Parliament
Websitewww.newrymournedown.org
List of places
UK
Northern Ireland
54°10′34″N 6°20′56″W / 54.176°N 6.349°W / 54.176; -6.349

Newry (/ˈnjʊəri/;[4] from Irish An Iúraigh[5]) is a city[6] in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye river in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.[3]

Newry was founded in 1157 as a

Cistercian abbey. In the 16th century the English dissolved the abbey and built Bagenal's Castle on the site. Newry grew as a market town and a garrison, and became a port in 1742 when the Newry Canal was opened, the first summit-level canal in Ireland. A cathedral city, it is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore. In 2002, as part of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Newry was granted city status along with Lisburn.[7]

Name

The name Newry is an anglicization of An Iúraigh, an oblique form of An Iúrach, which means "the grove of yew trees".[8][9]

The modern Irish name for Newry is An tIúr (pronounced

apocryphal story that Saint Patrick
planted a yew tree there in the 5th century.

The Irish name Cathair an Iúir (City of Newry) appears on some bilingual signs around the city.[10]

History

Merchants Quay, Newry, in the late 19th century
Hill Street in the early 1900s
Trevor Hill in the early 1900s

There is evidence of continual human habitation in the area from early times. During the Bronze Age, the Newry area had a community who were making in abundance very detailed jewellery for garments. Three of these Newry Clasps can be found in the Ulster Museum, and a massive arm clasp from the same period was also found in Newry.[11]

In AD 820, Vikings landed in the Newry area, "from whence they proceeded to Armagh, taking it by storm, and plundering and desolating the country around".[12]

Early history

A

Benedictine monastery before this.[13] Newry Abbey (now the area around Newry Museum) would have been a sprawling complex of buildings and the heart of a monastic settlement.[13] It existed for four centuries. The abbey was dissolved by the English in 1548, when it was recorded that it consisted of a church, steeple, college, chapter house, dormitory, a hall, a graveyard, two orchards and one garden.[13] Modern archaeologists unearthed thirty-three burials from part of the former graveyard, and further bones were found in charnel pits. They included remains of men, women, and several youths, and some of the individuals suffered violent deaths.[13] It is believed this was a graveyard for the lay community from when the abbey was still in existence.[13]

In April 1552, Nicholas Bagenal, Marshal of the English army in Ireland,[14] was granted ownership of the former abbey lands.[13] He built a fortified house known as Bagenal's Castle on the site of the abbey and its graveyard, re-using some of the abbey buildings.[13] Bagenal also had an earthen rampart built around his Castle and the small town of Newry.[13]

During the

Covenanter army landed in Ulster and seized Newry from the rebels. James Turner, one of the Scottish officers, recounted that Catholic rebels and civilians were taken to the bridge over the Newry River and "butchered to death ... some by shooting, some by hanging ... without any legal process".[16] The Scottish general, Robert Monro, said that sixty townsmen and two priests were summarily executed.[17] Turner also said that Scottish soldiers drowned and shot about a dozen Irishwomen before he stopped them killing more.[18]

During the 1689 Raid on Newry, Williamite forces under Toby Purcell repulsed an attack by the Jacobites under the Marquis de Boisseleau. At the period of the Battle of the Boyne, the Duke of Berwick set fire to the parts of the town which he had restructured to defend it.

Modern era

Further information: The Troubles in Newry

By 1881 the population of Newry had reached 15,590.[19]

During the Irish War of Independence there were several assassinations and ambushes in Newry. On 12 December 1920, British reinforcements travelling from Newry to Camlough were ambushed by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), who opened fire and threw grenades from MacNeill's Egyptian Arch. Three IRA members were fatally wounded in the exchange of fire.[20]

When

gerrymander. Also an oddity was that for a time it was controlled by the Irish Labour Party, after the left wing of the Northern Ireland Labour Party defected to them in the 1940s.[21]

Newry saw several

bomb scares and car bombs
.

See also: The Troubles in Killeen, for information on incidents at the border and customs post at Newry on the border with the Republic of Ireland and close to Newry. In 2003, the British Army's hilltop watchtowers overlooking Newry were taken down. The British Army withdrew from the area on 25 June 2007 when they closed their final base at Bessbrook.[22][23]

Geography

Newry lies in the most south-eastern part of both Ulster and Northern Ireland. About half of the city (the west) lies in County Armagh and the other half (the east) in County Down. The Clanrye River, which runs through the city, forms the historic border between County Armagh and County Down.

The city sits in a

valley, between the Mourne Mountains to the east and the Ring of Gullion to the south-west, both of which are designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Cooley Mountains lie to the south east. The Clanrye River runs through the centre of town, parallel to the Newry Canal. The city also lies at the northernmost end of Carlingford Lough
, where the canal enters the sea at Victoria Locks.

Townlands

Newry is within the civil parishes of Newry and Middle Killeavy. The parishes have long been divided into townlands, the names of which mainly come from the Irish language. The following is a list of townlands in Newry's urban area,[24] alongside their likely etymologies:[5][25]

County Armagh (west of the River Clanrye)
Townland Origin (Irish unless stated) Translation
Altnaveigh
Aghnaveigh (alternate local name) 		Alt na bhFiach
Achadh na bhFiach 		glen of the ravens
field of the ravens
Ballinlare Baile na Ladhaire townland of the fork/gap
Carnagat Carn na gCat cairn of the cats
Carnbane Carn Bán white cairn
Derry Beg Doire Beag little oak wood
Drumalane An Droim Leathan broad ridge
Lisdrumgullion Lios Droim gCuilinn fort of the holly ridge
Lisdrumliska Lios Druim Loiscthe fort of the burnt ridge


County Down (east of the River Clanrye)
Townland Origin (Irish unless stated) Translation
Ballynacraig Baile na gCreag townland of the crags
Carneyhough origin unclear —
Cloghanramer Clochán Ramhar thick stone structure/causeway
Commons an English name that first appeared in 1810[26] —
Creeve Craobh tree/bush
Damolly probably Damh Maoile house of the round hill
Drumcashellone probably Droim Caisil Eoghain the ridge of Eoghan's cashel
Greenan Grianán eminent or sunny place

Demography

National Identity of Newry residents (2021)[27][28][29]
Nationality Per cent
Irish
 
 61.3%
Northern Irish
 
 22.8%
British
 
 9.1%

2011 Census

On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 26,967 people living in Newry, accounting for 1.49% of the NI total.[30] Of these:

  • 21.46% were aged under 16 years and 12.74% were aged 65 and over.
  • 51.02% of the usually resident population were female and 48.98% were male.
  • 88.27% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 8.47% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion.
  • 56.12% had an Irish national identity, 27.27% had a Northern Irish national identity and 12.65% indicated that they had a British national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity).
  • 35 years was the average (median) age of the population.
  • 19.60% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaeilge) and 2.37% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots.

2021 Census

On Census day (21 March 2021) there were 28,530 people living in Newry.[31] Of these:

  • 21.32% were aged under 16, 29.12% were aged between 16-65, and 14.51% were aged 66 and over.[32]
  • 50.87% of the usually resident population were female and 49.13% were male.[33]
  • 86.52% (24,685) belong to or were brought up Catholic, 8.07% (2,302) belong to or were brought up Protestant (including other Christian-related denominations), 1.24% (353) belong to or were brought up in an 'other' religion, and 4.17% (1,190) did not adhere to or weren't brought up in any religion.[34]
  • 61.29% indicated they had an Irish national identity,[35] 22.76% indicated they had a Northern Irish national identity,[36] and 9.13% indicated they had a British national identity,[37] and 13.30% indicated they had an 'other' national identity.[38] (respondents could indicate more than one national identity)
  • 20.50% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaeilge) and 2.64% had some knowledge of Ulster Scots.[39][40]

Climate

As with the rest of Northern Ireland, Newry has a temperate climate, with a narrow range of temperatures, regular windy conditions, and rainfall throughout the year.

Climate data for Newry, United Kingdom (Glenanne climate station at 161m elevation) 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		9.2
(48.6) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		17.0
(62.6) 		18.7
(65.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		15.9
(60.6) 		12.4
(54.3) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.9
(44.4) 		12.3
(54.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 		1.8
(35.2) 		2.8
(37.0) 		4.2
(39.6) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.3
(48.7) 		11.2
(52.2) 		11.1
(52.0) 		9.2
(48.6) 		6.7
(44.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		2.2
(36.0) 		5.9
(42.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 108.9
(4.29) 		74.9
(2.95) 		84.5
(3.33) 		74.5
(2.93) 		68.3
(2.69) 		64.6
(2.54) 		74.7
(2.94) 		82.7
(3.26) 		77.5
(3.05) 		104.8
(4.13) 		100.0
(3.94) 		103.2
(4.06) 		1,018.7
(40.11)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 16.2 12.4 15.4 13.0 12.4 12.0 12.8 13.2 12.5 15.8 15.8 15.2 166.6
Source: metoffice.gov.uk[41]

Economy

Newry has traditionally been considered a merchant's town, and has maintained a reputation as one of the best provincial shopping-towns in

The Quays Newry attracting large numbers of shoppers from as far away as Cork.[42]

In 2006 Newry house prices grew the most across the whole United Kingdom over the previous decade, as prices in the city had increased by 371% since 1996.[43] The city itself has become markedly more prosperous in recent years. Unemployment has reduced from over 26% in 1991 to scarcely 2% in 2008.[44]

Since the inception of the

VAT reductions in the United Kingdom, compared with increases in the Republic of Ireland, are among the reasons. This remarkable increase in cross-border trade has become so widespread that it has lent its name to a general phenomenon known as the Newry effect. In December 2008, The New York Times described Newry as "the hottest shopping spot within the European Union's open borders, a place where consumers armed with euros enjoy a currency discount averaging 30 percent or more".[45]

However the increased flow of trade has led to resultant tailbacks, sometimes several miles long (many kilometres), on approach roads from the south. This has created huge traffic and parking problems in Newry and the surrounding area. It has also become a political issue, with some politicians in the Republic of Ireland claiming that such cross-border shopping is "unpatriotic".[46]

Newry is the global HQ of First Derivatives Plc.[47][48]

Governance

Local government

The city of Newry is part of

SDLP and 1 Independent councillors being elected in the Newry electoral area, only change from the 2014 result
was Kevin McAteer who went from SDLP to Independent in 2015 stood down in 2017 to be replaced by Michael Savage. Individually Roisín Mulgrew replaced her party colleague Liz Kimmens, while independent Davy Hyland was replaced by another independent, Gavin Malone.

Council members from 2023 election
District electoral area Name Party
Newry Geraldine Kearns Sinn Féin
Cathal King Sinn Féin
Michael Savage SDLP
Aidan Mathers Sinn Féin
Valerie Harte Sinn Féin
Doire Finn SDLP
Council members from 2019 election
District electoral area Name Party
Newry Gavin Malone
Independent
Roisin Mulgrew † Sinn Féin
Michael Savage SDLP
Charlie Casey Sinn Féin
Valerie Harte Sinn Féin
Gary Stokes SDLP
Council members from 2014 election
District electoral area Name Party
Newry Charlie Casey Sinn Féin
Liz Kimmins Sinn Féin
Valerie Harte Sinn Féin
Davy Hyland
Independent
Gary Stokes SDLP
Kevin McAteer SDLP

Northern Ireland assembly

Newry is part of the

SDLP and William Irwin of the DUP
.

Election MLA
(Party) 		MLA
(Party) 		MLA
(Party) 		MLA
(Party) 		MLA
(Party) 		MLA
(Party)
1996
Forum election 		Maria Caraher
(Sinn Féin)
Patrick McNamee
(Sinn Féin
) 		Frank Feeley
(SDLP) 		Seamus Mallon
(SDLP) 		Jim Speers
(UUP) 		5 seats
1996–1998
1998 Conor Murphy
(Sinn Féin) 		John Fee
(SDLP) 		Danny Kennedy
(UUP) 		Paul Berry
(DUP)
2003 Davy Hyland
(Sinn Féin) 		Pat O'Rawe
(Sinn Féin) 		Dominic Bradley
(SDLP)
2007 Cathal Boylan
(Sinn Féin) 		Mickey Brady
(Sinn Féin) 		William Irwin
(DUP)
2011
July 2012
co-option 		Megan Fearon
(Sinn Féin)
June 2015
co-option 		Conor Murphy
(Sinn Féin)
2016 Justin McNulty
(SDLP)
2017 5 seats
2017-present
January 2020
co-option 		Liz Kimmins
(Sinn Féin)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

Westminster

Together with part of the district of

Westminster Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly. The Member of Parliament is Mickey Brady of Sinn Féin. He won the seat in the 2015 United Kingdom general election
.

Transport

Notable buildings

Catholic Cathedral of SS. Patrick and Colman, Newry

Saint Patrick's Church was built in 1578 on the instructions of Nicholas Bagenal, who was granted the monastery lands by Edward VI, and is considered to be the first Protestant church in Ireland. The Cathedral of SS Patrick and Colman on Hill Street was built in 1829 at a cost of £8,000. The structure, which consists of local granite, was designed and built by Thomas Duff, arguably Newry's greatest architect to date.[52]

Incidentally, Thomas Duff also was the architect for the Cathedral in Dundalk, a town just over the border in County Louth, and it is said that he mixed up the plans for both cathedrals and sent Dundalk Cathedral to the builders in Newry, and Newry Cathedral to the builders in Dundalk.

River Clanrye which is the historic boundary between the counties of Armagh and Down.[53]

The impressive

Northern Ireland Railways Belfast-Dublin mainline. The bridge was designed by Sir John MacNeill with construction beginning in 1849. The bridge was formally opened in 1852. The viaduct consists of eighteen arches the highest being 126 feet, the highest viaduct in Ireland. It is around one-quarter mile (400 metres) long and was constructed from local granite. The Enterprise train link from Belfast to Dublin
crosses the bridge.

The Newry Reporter every week highlights a historic building in Newry and the surrounding area, giving a brief outline of its history.

Hospitals

Churches

Roman Catholic

  • Cathedral of Saints Patrick and Colman, Hill Street (1825–29)
  • Church of the Sacred Heart and St Catherine, Dominic Street (1875)
  • St Brigid's, Derrybeg (1970)
  • St Mary's, Chapel Street (1789; formerly Newry Cathedral)
  • Church of the Sacred Heart, Cloghogue (1916)
  • Church of the Assumption, Drumalane (1954)
  • Church of the Immaculate Conception (Parochial House), 44 Barrack Street

Protestant

Methodist Church, Sandy's Street

Newry Baptist Church, Downshire Place

First Presbyterian Church (Non-Subscribing), John Mitchel Place

Downshire Road Presbyterian Church, Downshire Road (1843)

Sandy's Street Presbyterian Church, Sandy's Street

Riverside Reformed Presbyterian Church, Basin Walk

The Salvation Army, Trevor Hill

Metropolitan Church, Edward Street

Other

Notable people

Arts and media

Groups

Religion

Academia and science

Politics and diplomacy

Sport

Other

Sport

Football

Until 2012,

Newry City AFC was formed to play in amateur leagues in 2013, and was promoted to the NIFL Premiership
in 2018.

Gaelic Athletic Association

The Down GAA team has its home ground at Páirc Esler in the city.

Local clubs are:

in Down GAA:

in Armagh GAA:

Rugby Union

Newry RFC
(also known as Newry Rugby Club, Newry RFU or Newry) is an Irish amateur rugby union club, founded in 1925. The club is a member of the Irish Rugby Football Union's Ulster branch. The club currently fields three senior teams and several junior teams ranging from under-12 to under-18 and a women's team for the first time in 2010–2011 season. The club's home ground is known as Telford Park. The team currently has two playing fields located at this ground along with the clubhouse on the outskirts of Newry.

Education

Primary Schools

  • Cloughoge Primary School
  • Killean Primary School
  • St Clare's Convent Primary School
  • St. Colman's Abbey Christian Brothers' Primary School
  • St Joseph's Convent Primary School
  • St Malachy's Primary School
  • St. Patrick's Primary School, Newry|St Patrick's Primary School
  • Windsor Hill Primary School
  • St Ronan's Primary School[citation needed]

Post-Primary Schools

Further Education

See also

References

  1. ^ 2010 annual report in Ulster-Scots Archived 27 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine North/South Ministerial Council.
  2. ^ Guide to Inch Abbey in Ulster-Scots Archived 25 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Department of the Environment.
  3. ^ a b "Newry". Census 2021. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  4. ^ Dictionary.com. "Dictionary.com – Newry". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Newry and Mourne (C. Dunbar)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2011. Newry (town), County Armagh/County Down. The modern Irish name of Newry is An tIúr 'the yew tree' being an abbreviation of Iúr Cinn Trá 'yew tree at the head of the strand'. The anglicised form comes from An Iúraigh an oblique form of An Iúrach 'the grove of yew trees' (PNI vol. I).
  6. ISBN 9781403992765
    .
  7. ^ "BBC report". 14 March 2002. Archived from the original on 6 March 2003. Retrieved 15 September 2004.
  8. ^ a b "Placenames NI: Newry". Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  9. ^ Compare the similar Derry, An Doire meaning the grove of oak trees.
  10. ^ Welcome sign in Newry, Northern Ireland, in English and Irish
  11. ^ H. E. Kilbride-Jones Craftmanship in Bronze, free to read in Google books
  12. ^ Anthony Mamions Ancient and Modern History of the Maritime Ports of Ireland (1855)
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dawkes, Giles (2009). "Before Bagenal's Castle: Evidence of the Medieval Cistercian Abbey at Newry". Ulster Journal of Archaeology. 68: 124–126, 137–139.
  14. ^ John McCullagh (10 April 2021). "Nicholas Bagenal 1509-1590". Newry Journal. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  15. ^ Liam Kennedy & Philip Ollerenshaw. Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy, and Society. Oxford University Press, 2013. p.29
  16. ISBN 0-349-11564-8
    p. 142
  17. ^ Stevenson, David (1981). Scottish Covenanters and Irish Confederates. Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 106.
  18. ^ Whelan, Bernadette (2001). "Women and Warfare 1641–1691". In Lenihan, Padraig (ed.). Conquest and Resistance: War in Seventeenth-Century Ireland. Brill Publishers. pp. 321–322.
  19. ^ "Banbridge / Newry and Mourne Area Plan 2015 District Proposals: Newry City Background". Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
  20. ^ Lawlor, Pearse. The Outrages: The IRA and the Ulster Special Constabulary in the Border Campaign. Mercier Press, 2011. pp. 78–81
  21. ^ Michael Farrell Northern Ireland: The Orange State
  22. ^ "British army has pulled out of its base at Bessbrook in County Armagh". Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  23. ^ "Soldiers depart Bessbrook Mill for the final time". Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  24. ^ Ordnance Survey Ireland: Online map viewer Archived 29 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine (choose "historic" to see townland boundaries)
  25. ^ "The Northern Ireland Place-Name Project".
  26. ^ Placenames NI – The Northern Ireland Place-Name Project. "Townland of Commons". Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  27. ^ "National Identity (Irish)". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  28. ^ "National Identity (Northern Irish)". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  29. ^ "National Identity (British)". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  30. ^ "Census 2011 Population Statistics for Newry Settlement". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). Retrieved 12 August 2019. This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
  31. ^ "Preview data for Population| NISRA Flexible Table Builder". build.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  32. ^ "Preview data for Age | NISRA Flexible Table Builder". build.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  33. ^ "Preview data for Sex (MS-A07) | NISRA Flexible Table Builder". build.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  34. ^ "Religion or religion brought up in". NISRA. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  35. ^ "Preview data for National Identity (Irish) | NISRA Flexible Table Builder". build.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  36. ^ "Preview data for National Identity (Northern Irish) | NISRA Flexible Table Builder". build.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  37. ^ "Preview data for National Identity (British) | NISRA Flexible Table Builder". build.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  38. ^ "National identity (person based) - basic detail (classification 1)". NISRA. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
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  40. ^ "Preview data for Knowledge of Ulster-Scots (MS-B08) | NISRA Flexible Table Builder". build.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  41. ^ "Climate Normals 1981–2010". Met Office. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  42. ^ "David McKittrick: The great nappy rush (no, not rash)". The Independent. London. 1 January 2009. Archived from the original on 6 December 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  43. ^ "Halifax House Price Survey". 27 October 2006. Archived from the original on 7 November 2006. Retrieved 5 November 2006.
  44. ^ Article by Frances McDonnell, Belfast Briefing, page 21, Irish Times, 9 December 2008, quoting Dr Gerard O'Hare
  45. ^ Quinn, Eamon (18 December 2008). "A Northern Ireland Town Is a Shoppers' Paradise". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  46. ^ Irish Times, 9 December 2008, op cit
  47. ^ "First Derivatives Plc". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  48. ^ "First Derivatives Plc offices". Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
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  55. ISBN 1-85743-228-2
    .
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  59. ^ "Down to celebrate the Michael Cusack Connection". Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Newry.
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