Newry
Newry (/ˈnjʊəri/;[4] from Irish An Iúraigh[5]) is a city[6] in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye river in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.[3]
Newry was founded in 1157 as a
Name
The name Newry is an anglicization of An Iúraigh, an oblique form of An Iúrach, which means "the grove of yew trees".[8][9]
The modern Irish name for Newry is An tIúr (pronounced
The Irish name Cathair an Iúir (City of Newry) appears on some bilingual signs around the city.[10]
History
There is evidence of continual human habitation in the area from early times. During the Bronze Age, the Newry area had a community who were making in abundance very detailed jewellery for garments. Three of these Newry Clasps can be found in the Ulster Museum, and a massive arm clasp from the same period was also found in Newry.[11]
In AD 820, Vikings landed in the Newry area, "from whence they proceeded to Armagh, taking it by storm, and plundering and desolating the country around".[12]
Early history
A
In April 1552, Nicholas Bagenal, Marshal of the English army in Ireland,[14] was granted ownership of the former abbey lands.[13] He built a fortified house known as Bagenal's Castle on the site of the abbey and its graveyard, re-using some of the abbey buildings.[13] Bagenal also had an earthen rampart built around his Castle and the small town of Newry.[13]
During the
During the 1689 Raid on Newry, Williamite forces under Toby Purcell repulsed an attack by the Jacobites under the Marquis de Boisseleau. At the period of the Battle of the Boyne, the Duke of Berwick set fire to the parts of the town which he had restructured to defend it.
Modern era
By 1881 the population of Newry had reached 15,590.[19]
During the Irish War of Independence there were several assassinations and ambushes in Newry. On 12 December 1920, British reinforcements travelling from Newry to Camlough were ambushed by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), who opened fire and threw grenades from MacNeill's Egyptian Arch. Three IRA members were fatally wounded in the exchange of fire.[20]
When
Newry saw several
See also: The Troubles in Killeen, for information on incidents at the border and customs post at Newry on the border with the Republic of Ireland and close to Newry. In 2003, the British Army's hilltop watchtowers overlooking Newry were taken down. The British Army withdrew from the area on 25 June 2007 when they closed their final base at Bessbrook.[22][23]
Geography
Newry lies in the most south-eastern part of both Ulster and Northern Ireland. About half of the city (the west) lies in County Armagh and the other half (the east) in County Down. The Clanrye River, which runs through the city, forms the historic border between County Armagh and County Down.
The city sits in a
Townlands
Newry is within the civil parishes of Newry and Middle Killeavy. The parishes have long been divided into townlands, the names of which mainly come from the Irish language. The following is a list of townlands in Newry's urban area,[24] alongside their likely etymologies:[5][25]
Townland | Origin (Irish unless stated) | Translation |
---|---|---|
Altnaveigh Aghnaveigh (alternate local name) |
Alt na bhFiach Achadh na bhFiach |
glen of the ravens field of the ravens |
Ballinlare | Baile na Ladhaire | townland of the fork/gap |
Carnagat | Carn na gCat | cairn of the cats |
Carnbane | Carn Bán | white cairn |
Derry Beg | Doire Beag | little oak wood |
Drumalane | An Droim Leathan | broad ridge |
Lisdrumgullion | Lios Droim gCuilinn | fort of the holly ridge |
Lisdrumliska | Lios Druim Loiscthe | fort of the burnt ridge |
Townland | Origin (Irish unless stated) | Translation |
---|---|---|
Ballynacraig | Baile na gCreag | townland of the crags |
Carneyhough | origin unclear | — |
Cloghanramer | Clochán Ramhar | thick stone structure/causeway |
Commons | an English name that first appeared in 1810[26] | — |
Creeve | Craobh | tree/bush |
Damolly | probably Damh Maoile | house of the round hill |
Drumcashellone | probably Droim Caisil Eoghain | the ridge of Eoghan's cashel |
Greenan | Grianán | eminent or sunny place |
Demography
2011 Census
On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 26,967 people living in Newry, accounting for 1.49% of the NI total.[30] Of these:
- 21.46% were aged under 16 years and 12.74% were aged 65 and over.
- 51.02% of the usually resident population were female and 48.98% were male.
- 88.27% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 8.47% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion.
- 56.12% had an Irish national identity, 27.27% had a Northern Irish national identity and 12.65% indicated that they had a British national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity).
- 35 years was the average (median) age of the population.
- 19.60% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaeilge) and 2.37% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots.
2021 Census
On Census day (21 March 2021) there were 28,530 people living in Newry.[31] Of these:
- 21.32% were aged under 16, 29.12% were aged between 16-65, and 14.51% were aged 66 and over.[32]
- 50.87% of the usually resident population were female and 49.13% were male.[33]
- 86.52% (24,685) belong to or were brought up Catholic, 8.07% (2,302) belong to or were brought up Protestant (including other Christian-related denominations), 1.24% (353) belong to or were brought up in an 'other' religion, and 4.17% (1,190) did not adhere to or weren't brought up in any religion.[34]
- 61.29% indicated they had an Irish national identity,[35] 22.76% indicated they had a Northern Irish national identity,[36] and 9.13% indicated they had a British national identity,[37] and 13.30% indicated they had an 'other' national identity.[38] (respondents could indicate more than one national identity)
- 20.50% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaeilge) and 2.64% had some knowledge of Ulster Scots.[39][40]
Climate
As with the rest of Northern Ireland, Newry has a temperate climate, with a narrow range of temperatures, regular windy conditions, and rainfall throughout the year.
Climate data for Newry, United Kingdom (Glenanne climate station at 161m elevation) 1981–2010 normals | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.9 (44.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
2.8 (37.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 108.9 (4.29) |
74.9 (2.95) |
84.5 (3.33) |
74.5 (2.93) |
68.3 (2.69) |
64.6 (2.54) |
74.7 (2.94) |
82.7 (3.26) |
77.5 (3.05) |
104.8 (4.13) |
100.0 (3.94) |
103.2 (4.06) |
1,018.7 (40.11) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.2 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 13.0 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 12.5 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.2 | 166.6 |
Source: metoffice.gov.uk[41] |
Economy
Newry has traditionally been considered a merchant's town, and has maintained a reputation as one of the best provincial shopping-towns in
In 2006 Newry house prices grew the most across the whole United Kingdom over the previous decade, as prices in the city had increased by 371% since 1996.[43] The city itself has become markedly more prosperous in recent years. Unemployment has reduced from over 26% in 1991 to scarcely 2% in 2008.[44]
Since the inception of the
However the increased flow of trade has led to resultant tailbacks, sometimes several miles long (many kilometres), on approach roads from the south. This has created huge traffic and parking problems in Newry and the surrounding area. It has also become a political issue, with some politicians in the Republic of Ireland claiming that such cross-border shopping is "unpatriotic".[46]
Newry is the global HQ of First Derivatives Plc.[47][48]
Governance
Local government
The city of Newry is part of
Council members from 2023 election | |||
---|---|---|---|
District electoral area | Name | Party | |
Newry | Geraldine Kearns | Sinn Féin | |
Cathal King | Sinn Féin | ||
Michael Savage | SDLP | ||
Aidan Mathers | Sinn Féin | ||
Valerie Harte | Sinn Féin | ||
Doire Finn | SDLP |
Council members from 2019 election | |||
---|---|---|---|
District electoral area | Name | Party | |
Newry | Gavin Malone | Independent
| |
Roisin Mulgrew † | Sinn Féin | ||
Michael Savage | SDLP | ||
Charlie Casey | Sinn Féin | ||
Valerie Harte | Sinn Féin | ||
Gary Stokes | SDLP |
Council members from 2014 election | |||
---|---|---|---|
District electoral area | Name | Party | |
Newry | Charlie Casey | Sinn Féin | |
Liz Kimmins | Sinn Féin | ||
Valerie Harte | Sinn Féin | ||
Davy Hyland | Independent
| ||
Gary Stokes | SDLP | ||
Kevin McAteer | SDLP |
Northern Ireland assembly
Newry is part of the
Election | MLA (Party) |
MLA (Party) |
MLA (Party) |
MLA (Party) |
MLA (Party) |
MLA (Party) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 Forum election |
Maria Caraher (Sinn Féin) |
Patrick McNamee )
(Sinn Féin |
Frank Feeley (SDLP) |
Seamus Mallon (SDLP) |
Jim Speers (UUP) |
5 seats 1996–1998 | ||||||
1998 | Conor Murphy (Sinn Féin) |
John Fee (SDLP) |
Danny Kennedy (UUP) |
Paul Berry (DUP) | ||||||||
2003 | Davy Hyland (Sinn Féin) |
Pat O'Rawe (Sinn Féin) |
Dominic Bradley (SDLP) | |||||||||
2007 | Cathal Boylan (Sinn Féin) |
Mickey Brady (Sinn Féin) |
William Irwin (DUP) | |||||||||
2011 | ||||||||||||
July 2012 co-option |
Megan Fearon (Sinn Féin) | |||||||||||
June 2015 co-option |
Conor Murphy (Sinn Féin) | |||||||||||
2016 | Justin McNulty (SDLP) | |||||||||||
2017 | 5 seats 2017-present | |||||||||||
January 2020 co-option |
Liz Kimmins (Sinn Féin) |
Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.
Westminster
Together with part of the district of
Transport
- The Newry Canal opened in 1742. It is the oldest Canal in Ireland or Britain and when functioning as an inland transport waterway, it ran for 18 miles (29 kilometres) to Lough Neagh. In 1777, Newry was ranked the fourth largest port in Ireland.[citation needed] Some surviving 18th and 19th century warehouses still line the canal, and now many houses, shops and restaurants.
- In 1885 an electric tramway was opened between Newry and Bessbrook.
- British one pound cointo represent Northern Ireland for 2006.
- Newry is served by an Clanrye River. Services in Newry include local, regional and cross-border transport with a free shuttle bus service to the local train station and services to local schools around Newry and Mourne.
- Northern Ireland Railways.
- Newry is on the main M1/A1 route from A25) and the Belfast Road (A1). Newry suffers from very heavy traffic with shoppers coming from across the border.[50] Newry is connected with Warrenpointby a lower quality dual carriageway, some seven miles (eleven kilometres) to the south.
- Newry is linked to Belfast via Craigavon.[51] The route is planned to eventually extend to Dublin.[citation needed]
Notable buildings
Saint Patrick's Church was built in 1578 on the instructions of Nicholas Bagenal, who was granted the monastery lands by Edward VI, and is considered to be the first Protestant church in Ireland. The Cathedral of SS Patrick and Colman on Hill Street was built in 1829 at a cost of £8,000. The structure, which consists of local granite, was designed and built by Thomas Duff, arguably Newry's greatest architect to date.[52]
Incidentally, Thomas Duff also was the architect for the Cathedral in Dundalk, a town just over the border in County Louth, and it is said that he mixed up the plans for both cathedrals and sent Dundalk Cathedral to the builders in Newry, and Newry Cathedral to the builders in Dundalk.
The impressive
The Newry Reporter every week highlights a historic building in Newry and the surrounding area, giving a brief outline of its history.
Hospitals
Churches
Roman Catholic
- Cathedral of Saints Patrick and Colman, Hill Street (1825–29)
- Church of the Sacred Heart and St Catherine, Dominic Street (1875)
- St Brigid's, Derrybeg (1970)
- St Mary's, Chapel Street (1789; formerly Newry Cathedral)
- Church of the Sacred Heart, Cloghogue (1916)
- Church of the Assumption, Drumalane (1954)
- Church of the Immaculate Conception (Parochial House), 44 Barrack Street
Protestant
- St Patrick's Church of Ireland (1578) -- possibly the first Protestant church ever built in Ireland. It was destroyed by fire and rebuilt.[54]
- St Mary's Church of Ireland (1819)[54]
Methodist Church, Sandy's Street
Newry Baptist Church, Downshire Place
First Presbyterian Church (Non-Subscribing), John Mitchel Place
Downshire Road Presbyterian Church, Downshire Road (1843)
Sandy's Street Presbyterian Church, Sandy's Street
Riverside Reformed Presbyterian Church, Basin Walk
The Salvation Army, Trevor Hill
Metropolitan Church, Edward Street
Other
- Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses, Belfast Road
Notable people
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
Arts and media
- Christine Bleakley, television host
- Margaret Clarke (1884–1961), portrait painter
- Thomas Duff (1792–1848), architect
- Julia Glover, 18th and 19th century actress[55]
- Frank Hall (1921–1995), broadcaster and satirist
- Seán Hillen, photographer and artist
- Valene Kane, actress
- Michael Legge, actor
- John and Susan Lynch, actor siblings
- Tomm Moore, filmmaker
- Gerard Murphy, actor
Groups
- The 4 of Us, rock band
- Luv Bug, pop group
- Crubeen, 1970s folk band
Religion
- John Dunlop, Presbyterian churchman
- John Magee, Roman Catholic Bishop of Cloyne
Academia and science
- Leonard Abrahamson (1896-1961), cardiologist
- Joseph Barcroft (1872–1947), respiratory physiologist
- W. J. Barre (1830–1867), architect[56]
- Elizabeth Gould Bell (1862–1934), doctor
Politics and diplomacy
- Sir Trevor Corry (1724–1780), British diplomat[57]
- Isaac Corry (1753-1813), Member of Parliament for Newry (1776), Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer (1799-1802)
- Sir William Hill Irvine (1858–1943), Australian politician
- Alfred Ludlam (1810–1877), New Zealand politician and philanthropist
- John Martin(1812–1875), Irish nationalist
- John Mitchel, Irish patriot[58]
- Pádraig Ó Cuinn (1898–1974), Irish Republican Army
- Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen (1832–1900), Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
Sport
- Shay McCartan, footballer
- Michael Cusack (1847–1906), founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association[59]
- Pat Jennings, football goalkeeper
- Willie Maley (1868–1958), football manager
- Danny McAlinden, heavyweight boxer
- Ryan McGivern, footballer
- Terence Bannon, mountaineer
- Peter McParland, footballer
- Seán O'Neill, Gaelic footballer
- Ronan Rafferty, golfer
- Charlie Smyth, NFL kicker and former Gaelic footballer
Other
- James Heather (1967-1958) 19th century firefighter
- Jackie McClelland (1923-1981) 20th century firefighter
- John McClelland (1951-2022) Former Chief Fire Officer of Northern Ireland.
Sport
Football
Until 2012,
Gaelic Athletic Association
The Down GAA team has its home ground at Páirc Esler in the city.
Local clubs are:
in Down GAA:
- Newry Bosco GFC,
- Newry Shamrocks GAC,
- John Mitchel GFC
in Armagh GAA:
Rugby Union
Education
Primary Schools
- Cloughoge Primary School
- Killean Primary School
- St Clare's Convent Primary School
- St. Colman's Abbey Christian Brothers' Primary School
- St Joseph's Convent Primary School
- St Malachy's Primary School
- St. Patrick's Primary School, Newry|St Patrick's Primary School
- Windsor Hill Primary School
- St Ronan's Primary School[citation needed]
Post-Primary Schools
- Abbey Christian Brothers Grammar School
- Newry High School
- Our Lady's Grammar School
- Sacred Heart Grammar School
- St Colman's College
- St Joseph's Boys' High School
- St. Mary's High School
- St. Paul's High School, Bessbrook
Further Education
See also
References
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