News Corporation
Formerly | News Corporation Limited (1980–2004) |
---|---|
Company type | Public |
Nasdaq: NWSA (Class A) Nasdaq: NWS (Class B) ASX: NWSLV (Class A) ASX: NWS (Class B) | |
Industry | Mass media |
Founded |
|
Founder | Rupert Murdoch |
Defunct | 28 June 2013 |
Fate | Split into 21st Century Fox and the second incarnation of News Corporation |
Successors | |
Headquarters | direct-broadcast satellite television, Publishing, and other |
Owner | Murdoch family (39% voting power) |
Divisions | Fox Entertainment Group Fox Networks Group |
Subsidiaries | List of assets owned by: |
Website | newscorp.com at the Wayback Machine (archived June 24, 2013) |
The original incarnation of News Corporation (abbreviated News Corp. and also variously known as News Corporation Limited) was an American multinational mass media corporation controlled by media mogul Rupert Murdoch and headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City. Prior to its split in 2013, it was the world's largest media company in terms of total assets and the world's fourth largest media group in terms of revenue, and News Corporation had become a media powerhouse since its inception, dominating the news, television, film, and print industries.[3][4][5][6][7]
News Corporation was a publicly traded company listed on the Nasdaq. Formerly incorporated in Adelaide, South Australia, the company was re-incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law after a majority of shareholders approved the move on November 12, 2004. News Corporation was headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, in the newer 1960s–1970s corridor of the Rockefeller Center complex.
On June 28, 2012, after concerns from shareholders in response to its recent scandals and to "unlock even greater long-term shareholder value", founder Rupert Murdoch announced that News Corporation's assets would be split into two publicly traded companies,[8] one oriented towards media, and the other towards publishing. The formal split was completed on June 28, 2013; where the original News Corp. was renamed 21st Century Fox and consisted primarily of media outlets, while a new News Corporation was formed to take on the publishing and Australian broadcasting assets.
Its major holdings at the time of the split were
History
News Corp was established in 1980 by
Expansion into the United States
News Ltd. made its first acquisition in the United States in 1973, when it purchased the
In 1984, News Corp acquired the
Two months after the acquisition of the 50% stake in TCF Holdings, on May 6, 1985, News Corp announced it was buying the
Expansion and consolidation
In 1986 and 1987, News Corp (through subsidiary
In 1987, News Corp acquired the book publisher Harper and Row for $300 million,[25][26] and later acquired the British book publisher William Collins, Sons in 1989 for $721 million, who later merged with Harper to form HarperCollins that same year.[27][28][29]
In 1988, News Corp acquired the Philadelphia-based
By 1992, News Corp had incurred large debts, which forced it to sell many of the American magazine interests it had acquired in the mid-1980s to K-III Communications, as well spinning off long-held Australian magazines interests as Pacific Magazines. Much of this debt came from its stake in the Sky Television satellite network in the UK, which incurred massive losses in its early years of operation, which (like many of its business interests) was heavily subsidised with profits from its other holdings until it was able to force[citation needed] rival satellite operator BSB to accept a merger on its terms in 1990. (The merged company, BSkyB, has dominated the British pay-TV market since.)
In 1993, News Corp acquired a 63.6% stake of the Hong Kong-based STAR TV satellite network from Pearson for over $500 million, followed by the purchase of the remaining 36.4% in July 1995.[32][33] Murdoch declared that:[34]
(Telecommunications) have proved an unambiguous threat to totalitarian regimes everywhere ... satellite broadcasting makes it possible for information-hungry residents of many closed societies to bypass state-controlled television channels.
In 1995, the Fox network became the object of scrutiny from the
On July 17, 1996, News Corporation announced that it would acquire television production and broadcasting company New World Communications (who acquired a 20% stake in 1994 for $200 million), for $2.48 billion in stock and was completed on January 22, 1997.[35][36]
On October 7, 1996, the Fox Entertainment Group launched the
In 1999, News Corporation significantly expanded its music holdings in Australia by acquiring the controlling share in a leading Australian-based label,
Also mid 1999,
Further development
In late 2003, News Corp acquired a 34% stake in
In January 2005, shortly after reincorporation in the United States, News Corporation announced that it was buying out Fox Entertainment Group.[41] The manoeuvre delisted Fox from the New York Stock Exchange; Fox had traded on the NYSE under the ticker FOX.[42]
In 2004, Murdoch set aside $2 billion and handpicked a team of young executives to look at possible ways to use the Web as a distribution platform. That team was composed of four rising stars: Ross Levinsohn, Adam Bain, Travis Katz, and Michael Kirby. The four became the backbone of what would become News Corp's digital division, Fox Interactive Media.[43]
Shortly after, in July 2005, News Corporation purchased the social networking website
In February 2007, Murdoch announced at the McGraw-Hill Media Summit that the Fox Entertainment Group would launch a new business news channel later in the year, which would compete directly against rival network
In September 2009, News Corp established NewsCore, a global wire service set up to provide news stories to all of News Corp's journalistic outlets.[52]
In April 2010, News Corporation sold Bulgarian broadcaster bTV, which it launched on 1 June 2000, as part of a deal to Central European Media Enterprises (CME) for $400 million in addition to another $13 million for working capital adjustment. The deal included cable channels bTV Comedy and Btv Cinema and News Corporation's 74% stake in Radio Company CJ which included five radio stations.[53]
In September 2010, due to the Fijian government's requirement that the country's media outlet must be 90% owned by Fiji Nationals, News Corporation sold 90% of their stake in their Fijian newspapers (Fiji Times, Nai Lalakai, and Shanti Dut) to Motibhai Group of Companies.[54]
In November 2010, News Corp purchased education technology and student progress tracking company
In late February 2011, News Corp officially put the now-struggling Myspace up for sale, which was estimated to be worth $50–200 million.[56] Losses from the last quarter of 2010 were $156 million, over double of the previous year, which dragged down the otherwise strong results of parent News Corp. Its struggles were attributed to the growth of the competing social network Facebook.[57][58] The deadline for bids, May 31, 2011, passed without any above the reserve price of $100 million being submitted.[59] The rapid deterioration in Myspace's business during the most recent quarter had deterred many potent suitors.[57] Later in June, Specific Media and pop singer Justin Timberlake bought the site for $35 million, which CNN reported noted was "far less than the $580 million News Corp. paid for Myspace in 2005."[60] Murdoch went on to call the Myspace purchase a "huge mistake".[61]
On July 13, 2011, Rupert Murdoch announced that the company would withdraw its
On June 6, 2012, News Corporation announced that it would buy out
On February 4, 2013, News Corporation announced the sale of IGN and its related properties to the publishing company Ziff Davis. News Corp. had planned to spin-off IGN as an independent company, but failed to do so.[68][69]
Scandals
In July 2011, News Corp closed down the
On July 13, 2011, News Corp withdrew its bid to purchase the final 61% stake in
Allegations about the violation of ethical standards by the News Corporation subsidiary News of the World have been speculatively applied to News Corporation holdings in the United States. Senator John Rockefeller (D-WV) stated on July 12, 2011, that there should be a government investigation into News Corporation "to ensure that Americans have not had their privacy violated."
In 2012, following a BBC Panorama report, allegations were made that News Corp subsidiary
Split
On June 28, 2012, Rupert Murdoch announced that, after concerns from shareholders in response to the recent scandals and to "unlock even greater long-term shareholder value", News Corporation's assets would be split into two publicly traded companies, one oriented towards media, and the other towards publishing. News Corp's publishing operations were
Shareholders approved the split on June 11, 2013. On June 19, 2013, preliminary trading for the new News Corp on the Australian Securities Exchange commenced in preparation for the formal split that was finalized on June 28, 2013. Shareholders received one share of New News Corp for every four shares they owned of the old News Corp. The two new companies began trading on the Nasdaq on July 1, 2013.[83][84][85] 21st Century Fox and most of its businesses were later acquired by the Walt Disney Company in March 2019; its U.S. broadcasting, sports, and news assets were spun-off to Fox Corporation, which would be retained under Murdoch ownership.
- In August 2005, the
- Another major stakeholder has been
Annual conference
News Corporation organized an annual management conference, discussing media issues related to geopolitics. Attendees included News Corporation executives, senior journalists, politicians and celebrities. Previous events were in Cancún, Mexico, and the Hayman Island off the coast of Australia. The events were private and secretive, there are no records available for the agenda or talks given at the conferences, and no uninvited journalists are permitted access.[91]
The 2006 event in
Political donations
In anticipation of
Around the same time, News Corporation also donated $1 million to the United States Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber aggressively supported the Republican effort to retake Congress in 2010.[95] This donation and an earlier $1 million contribution that News Corporation made to the Republican Governor's Association led media critics to question whether the company had crossed an ethical line for a media company.[95]
Corporate governance
The company's Board of Directors consisted of 17 individuals at the time of its break up:
- Rupert Murdoch (Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer)
- José María Aznar (Former Prime Minister of Spain)
- Natalie Bancroft (Director)
- Peter Barnes
- James W. Breyer
- Chase Carey (President and Chief Operating Officer)
- Elaine Chao
- David F. DeVoe (Chief Financial Officer)
- Viet Dinh
- Sir Roderick Ian Eddington
- Joel I. Klein (Executive Vice President)
- James Murdoch(Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Europe & Asia)
- Lachlan Murdoch
- Álvaro Uribe (Former President of Colombia)
- Stanley S. Shuman (Director Emeritus)
- Arthur M. Siskind (Director Emeritus, Senior Advisor to the Chairman)
- Daniel Suárez García (Chairman and CEO, Latin America)
Final holdings
News Corporation split up to
Music and radio
- Fox Film Music Group
- Fox News Radio
Sport
- Majority ownership of the Brisbane Broncos (68.9%) and full ownership of the Melbourne Storm rugby league team.
- Colorado Rockies (15%)
Studios
- Fox Entertainment Group: 20th Century Fox's parent company
- 20th Century Fox: a film production/distribution company (transferred to Disney)
- Fox Searchlight Pictures – specialized films (transferred to Disney).[96]
- Fox 2000 Pictures – general audience feature films (transferred to Disney).[96]
- 20th Century Fox Animation
- Fox Music
- 20th Century Fox International
- 20th Century Fox Español
- 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
- 20th Century Fox Television – primetime television programming. (partially transferred to Disney)[96]
- 20th Television – television distribution (syndication).
- 20th Century Fox Television Distribution– television distribution.
- Fox 21– low scripted/budgeted television production company.
- Fox Television Animation– animation production company.
- Fox Television Studios(productions)- market specific programming e.g. COPS and network television company.
- Fox Television Studios International
- Fox World Productions
- Fox Faith – Promotion and distribution of Christian and related "family friendly" movies on DVD and some theatrical release.
- Fox Studios Australia, Sydney, New South Wales
- Blue Sky Studios – production of CGI films e.g. Ice Age (transferred to Disney).
- Fox Filmed Entertainment
- New Regency Productions(20%) – general audience feature films.
- Regency Enterprises (20%) – parent company of New Regency Productions (50%).
- Fox Star Studiosfully owned -the Studio for Indian Movie's Production and Distribution.
TV
News Corp agreed to sell eight of its television stations to Oak Hill Capital Partners for approximately $1.1 billion as of December 22, 2007. The stations are US Fox affiliates.[97] These stations, along with those already acquired by Oak Hill that were formerly owned by The New York Times Company, formed the nucleus of Oak Hill's Local TV LLC division.
Broadcast
- Fox Broadcasting Company (Fox), a US broadcast television network
- MyNetworkTV, a US broadcast television network
- owned and operatedFox television stations
Satellite television
- Sky UK, United Kingdom & Ireland (39.1% holding). In practice, a controlling interest.
- Sky Network Television, New Zealand (44%)
- Sky Italia (100%), Italy's largest pay TV service (previously owning part of Stream TV)
- Sky Deutschland (54.5%), Germany's largest pay TV provider
- Tata Sky (30%), an Indian DirectToHome TeleVision Service Provider. (in partnership with Tata Group (70%))
- Foxtel (25%), Australia, a joint venture with Telstra (50%) and Consolidated Media Holdings (25%)
- FOX Italy, Italian Broadcast and Production Company (with 2 HDTV)
- Star TV Channels (Satellite TeleVision Asian Region), an Asian satellite TV service having 300 million viewers in 53 countries, mainly in India, China & other Asian countries
- Phoenix Television (17.6%), satellite TV network with landing rights in Hong Kong, and select provinces on Mainland China.
Cable
Cable TV channels owned (in whole or part) and operated by News Corporation include:
- Fox Business Network, a business news channel.
- Fox Classics, a channel airing classic TV shows and movies
- Fox Classics (Japan)
- Fox Sports & Entertainment/Fox BS238
- 20th Century Fox's film library
- Fox News Channel, a 24-hour news and opinion channel
- Fox Sports Detroit", etc. (some affiliates are owned by Cablevision.)
- SportSouth, a regional sports network in the United States, with its headquarters in Atlanta, and affiliate of Fox Sports Net.
- Sun Sports a regional sports network in the United States, with its headquarters in Miami, Florida, and affiliate of Fox Sports Net.
- Fox College Sports, a college sports network consisting of three regionally aligned channels, mostly with archived Fox Sports Net programmes but also some live and original content.
- Fox Sports International
- Fox Soccer Channel, a United States digital cableand satellite network specialising mainly in soccer.
- Fox Soccer Plus, a sister network to FSC, but including coverage of other sports, most notably rugby. Launched in 2010 after News Corporation picked up many of the broadcast rights abandoned by Setanta Sports when it stopped broadcasting in the U.S.
- Fox Pan American Sports (37.9%) – joint venture with Hicks, Muse, and Tate & Furst.
- Fox Sports en Español (50%), a Spanish-languageNorth American cable sports network; its sports line-up is tailored to appeal to a Latin American audience.
- Fox Sports en Latinoamérica, a Latin American satellite and cable sports network.
- Emmy Award-winning programmes The Shield and Damages.
- SPEED
- FUEL TV
- Big Ten Network, cable and satellite channel dedicated to The Big Ten Conference, launched August 2007 (49%)
- National Geographic Channel (joint venture with National Geographic Society) 67%
- National Geographic Channel International75%
- Nat Geo Mundo(joint venture with National Geographic Society)
- Nat Geo Wild (joint venture with National Geographic Society)
- YES Network (49%),[98] regional cable sports network; broadcasts New York Yankees and Brooklyn Nets games, among other teams.
- Fox International Channels, domestic cable channels offering different formats of Fox programming in over thirty countries worldwide.
- Fox
- Fox Life
- Fox Life HD
- Fox Filipino
- Fox Crime
- FX
- Fox Horror
- Fox Movies
- Fox Sports
- Speed Channel
- National Geographic Channel
- National Geographic Channel HD
- National Geographic Wild
- National Geographic Adventure
- National Geographic Music
- National Geographic Junior
- Cult
- Next:HD
- Voyage
- Real Estate TV
- BabyTV
- Fox Toma 1 – Spanish-language television production.
- Fox Telecolombia– Spanish-language television production. (51%)
- Utarget.Fox – European and Latin American online ad company, plus now handles TV ad sales.
- Central & South America
- Fox Latin American Channels – channels available in over 17 countries in Latin America
- National Geographic Channel
- National Geographic Channel HD
- National Geographic Wild
- Nat Geo Music
- Universal Channel
- Universal HD
- Fox Channel
- Fox HD
- FX
- Fox Life
- Fox Sports
- Speed Channel
- Baby TV
- Utilisima
- Fox One-Stop Media – advertising sales for company owned and third party channels in Latin America
- LAPTV (60%) (Latin American Pay Television) operates 8 cable movie channels throughout South America excluding Brazil.
- Telecine (12.5%) operates 5 cable movie channels in Brazil.
- Fox Latin American Channels – channels available in over 17 countries in Latin America
- Australia
- Premier Media Group(50%)
- Fox Sports 1
- Fox Sports 2
- Fox Sports 3
- SPEED
- FoxSportsNews
- Fuel TV Australia
- Viacom and Liberty Media
PLATFORMS
- India
- Hathway Cable & Datacom (22.2%), India's 2nd largest cable network through 7 cities including Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai & Pune
- Taiwan
- Total TV (20%), a pay TV platform with JV partner KOO's Group majority owner (80%). News Corp also has a 20% interest in the KOO's Group directly.
Internet
- News Corp. Digital Media
- Foxsports.com– website with sports news, scores, statistics, video and fantasy sports
- Hulu (27%) – online video streaming site in partnership with NBCUniversal and Disney.
- Flektor – provides Web-based tools for photo and video editing and mashups.
- Slingshot Labs – web development incubator (Includes the sites DailyFill).
- Strategic Data Corp – interactive advertising company which develops technology to deliver targeted internet advertising.
- Scout.com[99]
- WhatIfSports.com – sports simulation and prediction website. Also provides fantasy-style sports games to play.
- Indya.com[100] – 'India's no. 1 Entertainment Portal'
- ROO Group Inc (5% increasing to 10% with performance targets)
- News Digital Media
- News.com.au[101] – Australia's most popular news website in 2013 and as of April 2014[102]
- CareerOne.com.au[103] (50%) – recruitment advertisement website in partnership with Monster Worldwide.
- Carsguide.com.au[104]
- in2mobi.com.au[105]
- TrueLocal.com.au[106]
- Moshtix.com.au[107] – a ticket retailer
- Learning Seat[108]
- Wego[109] News owns minority stake in Wego.com
- Weair[110] News owns minority stake in weair.com
- Netus (75%) – investment co. in online properties.
- Move, Inc (80%)
- realtor.com – United States online real estate portal
- move.com
- listhub.com
- Doorsteps
- Tigerlead
- Moving.com
- Top Producer
- Reesio
- Relocation.com
- SeniorHousingNet.com
- REA Group (60.7%)
- Realestate.com.au
- Business Services s.r.l.[111] Access our internationalization service opens to endless proposals and possibilities of rooting in markets around the world.
- Casa.it[112] (69.4%), Sky Italia also holds a 30.6% share
- atHome group, operator of leading realestate websites in Luxembourg, France, Belgium and Germany.
- Altowin (51%), provider of office management tools for realestate agents in Belgium.
- Propertyfinders.com[113] (50%), News International holds the remaining 50%
- Sherlock Publications, owner of hotproperty.co.uk portal and magazine titles 'Hot Property', 'Renting' and 'Overseas'
- ukpropertyshop.co.uk, most comprehensive UK estate agent directory.
- PropertyLook, property websites in Australia and New Zealand.
- HomeSite.com.au[114] home renovation and improvement website.
- Square Foot Limited, Hong Kong's largest English Language property magazine and website
- Primedia – Holding co. of Inside DB, a Hong Kong lifestyle magazine.
- TadpoleNet Media[115] (10%) Hosts of ArmySailor.com[116]
- New Zealand
- Sky Network Television).
- Fox Networks– one of the largest international ad networks.
- Expedient InfoMedia[117] blog network.
- Storyful[118]
- Unruly[119]
- The News Broadcasting Corporation
- TNBCLive.com - United States's popular news website in 2017 and as of April 2022
Other assets
- Fox Sports Grill (50%) – Upscale sports bar and restaurant with 7 locations: Scottsdale, Arizona; Irvine, California; Seattle; Plano, Texas; Houston; San Diego; and Atlanta.
- Staples Centerand six airport restaurants.
- News America Marketing (US) – (100%) – nation's leading marketing services company, products include a portfolio of in-store, home-delivered and online media under the SmartSource brand.
- Al-Waleed bin Talal
- The Daily – iPad only newspaper delivered daily.
- Making Fun – social game developer for making games for social networking sites, smartphones, tablets and other devices.[120]
- Stockpoint
- Lane Bryant
Books
- HarperCollins book publishing company[121]
- HarperCollins India
- Zondervan Christian book publisher
- Inspirio – religious gift production.
Newspapers
- Australia published by News Limited.
- The Australian (Nationwide)[96]
- Community Media Group (16 QLD & NSW suburban/regional titles)
- Cumberland-Courier Newspapers (23 suburban/commuter titles)
- The Courier-Mail (Queensland)[96]
- The Sunday Mail (Queensland)
- The Cairns Post (Cairns, Queensland)
- The Gold Coast Bulletin(Gold Coast, Queensland)
- The Townsville Bulletin (Townsville, Queensland)
- The Daily Telegraph (New South Wales)[96]
- The Sunday Telegraph (New South Wales)
- Herald Sun (Victoria)[96]
- Sunday Herald Sun (Victoria)
- The Weekly Times(Victoria)
- Leader Newspapers (33 suburban Melbourne titles)
- MX (Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane CBD)
- The Geelong Advertiser(Geelong, Victoria)
- The Advertiser (South Australia)[96]
- The Sunday Mail (South Australia)
- Messenger Newspapers (11 suburban Adelaide, SA titles)
- The Sunday Times (Western Australia)
- The Mercury (Tasmania)
- Quest Newspapers (19 suburban Brisbane, QLD titles)
- The Sunday Tasmanian(Tasmania)
- Northern Territory News (Northern Territory)
- The Sunday Territorian(Northern Territory)
- The Tablelands Advertiser (Atherton Tablelands and the Far North, Queensland)
- Fiji
- Fiji Times (National) (10%)
- Nai Lalakai (10%)
- Shanti Dut (10%)
- Papua New Guinea
- Papua New Guinea Post-Courier (National) (62.5%)
- UK and Ireland newspapers, published by subsidiaries of News International Ltd.
- News Group Newspapers Ltd.
- The Sun (published in Scotland as The Scottish Sun and in Ireland as The Irish Sun)
- The Sun on Sunday
- The Sun (published in Scotland as The Scottish Sun and in Ireland as The Irish Sun)
- Times Newspapers Ltd.
- The Sunday Times
- The Times
- The Times Literary Supplement
- News Group Newspapers Ltd.
- US newspapers and magazines
- The New York Post
- Community Newspaper Group
- The Brooklyn Paper
- Bronx Times-Reporter
- Brooklyn Courier-Life
- TimesLedger Newspapers
- Community Newspaper Group
- Dow Jones & Company
- Consumer Media Group
- The Wall Street Journal
- Wall Street Journal Europe
- Wall Street Journal Asia
- Barron's– weekly financial markets magazine.
- Marketwatch– Financial news and information website.
- Far Eastern Economic Review
- Enterprise Media Group
- Dow Jones Newswires– global, real-time news and information provider.
- Factiva – provides business news and information together with content delivery tools and services.
- Dow Jones Indexes – stock market indexes and indicators, including the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
- Dow Jones Financial Information Services – produces databases, electronic media, newsletters, conferences, directories, and other information services on specialised markets and industry sectors.
- Betten Financial News – leading Dutch language financial and economic news service.
- Local Media Group
- Ottaway Community Newspapers – 8 daily and 15 weekly regional newspapers.
- STOXX (33%)- joint venture with Deutsche Boerse and SWG Group for the development and distribution of Dow Jones STOXX indices.
- Vedomosti (33%) – Russia's leading financial newspaper (joint venture with Financial Times and Independent Media).
- SmartMoney
- Consumer Media Group
- The Timesledger Newspapers of Queens, New York:
- Bayside Times, Whitestone Times, Flushing Times, Little Neck Ledger, Jamaica Times, Astoria Times, Forest Hills Ledger
- The Courier-Life Newspapers in Brooklyn
- The Brooklyn Paper
- Caribbean Life
- Flatbush Jewish Journal
- The New York Post
Magazines
- U.S.
- SmartSource Magazine (weekly Sunday newspaper couponinsert)
- The Weekly Standard
- Australia
- Alpha Magazine
- Australian Country Style
- Australian Golf Digest
- Australian Good Taste
- Big League
- BCME
- Delicious
- Donna Hay
- Fast Fours
- GQ (Australia)
- Gardening Australia
- InsideOut (Aust)
- Lifestyle Pools
- Live to Ride
- Notebook
- Overlander 4WD
- Modern Boating
- Modern Fishing
- Parents
- Pure Health
- Super Food Ideas
- Truck Australia
- Truckin' Life
- twowheels
- twowheels scooter
- Vogue (Australia)
- Vogue Entertaining & Travel
- Vogue Living
- UK
- Inside Out magazine
See also
References
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External links
- News Corporation companies grouped at OpenCorporates
- News Corp at Bloomberg Businessweek (archived 2 April 2010)
- News Corporation collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- News Corporation collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- News Corp. Holdings and Timeline at Columbia Journalism Review, as of December 24, 2010
- Nieman Journalism Lab. "News Corp.". Encyclo: an Encyclopedia of the Future of News.