News bureau

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Al-Jazeera English newsdesk in the Doha
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A news bureau is an office for gathering or distributing news. Similar terms are used for specialized bureaus, often to indicate a geographic location or scope of coverage: a 'Tokyo bureau' refers to a given news operation's office in Tokyo; 'foreign bureau' is a generic term for a news office set up in a country other than the primary operations center; a ‘Washington bureau’ is an office, typically located in Washington, D.C., that covers news related to national politics in the United States. The person in charge of a news bureau is often called the bureau chief.

The term is distinct from a news desk, which refers to the editorial function of assigning reporters and other staff, and otherwise coordinating, news stories, and sometimes the physical desk where that occurs, but without regard to the geographic location or overall operation of the news organization. For example, a foreign bureau is located in a foreign country and refers to all creative and administrative operations that take place there, whereas a foreign desk describes only editorial functions and may be located anywhere, possibly as an organizational unit within the news organization's home office.

Operation of news bureaus

A news bureau is traditionally operated out of an office by a single news outlet such as a radio, television, or newspaper news program. A single news company such as

News agencies
may also operate news bureaus, and major public relations sources (such as governments, large companies, or advocacy groups) may operate news bureaus of their own to create, rather than simply report, news stories.

History of news bureaus

Decline

Traditional

newspapers, have cut the number and size of news bureaus in recent decades for several reasons. They face declining profitability due to increasing competition from Internet news sources, and therefore have less money to spend on news-gathering.[1]

Newspapers rely increasingly on cooperative arrangements with counterparts elsewhere and often will accept stories from their sister organizations rather than investigating stories themselves. Similarly, smaller newspapers may formally affiliate to sponsor cooperative bureaus that operate as

merger or other business consolidation, the surviving company often combines or eliminates redundant bureaus. Growing multiculturalism
has facilitated this process: rather than demanding a reporter from their own country or locale who has been sent on assignment, news audiences have come to tolerate or even expect to see stories in remote locations covered by people who live locally; this empowers the audience to make their own judgments about any apparent cultural difference between themselves and the news subjects, rather than leaving the function of cultural interpretation entirely up to the reporter.

The often-criticized practice of

embedded reporting, whereby war correspondents
travel under the care of military units rather than at their own direction. The ability to quickly and safely travel throughout a war zone, and to obtain interviews with soldiers and coverage of important conflicts, appeals to news media, but at the cost of journalistic independence and, according to some, objectivity.

Nontraditional bureaus

The interaction between professional journalists, witnesses, and news subjects has evolved considerably. Whereas news subjects and bystanders were once treated simply as

man on the street" interviews. As early as the 1930s the Soviet Union encouraged millions of amateur People's correspondents to expose corruption and otherwise report on the news.[2]

Beginning in the 1970s, media, unable to respond quickly enough to obtain compelling coverage of natural disasters and weather phenomena such as

independent contractors
) or by covering blogs as news sources.

In 2006, Reuters opened its first virtual news Bureau, staffing real-life reporters in a virtual office in Second Life.[5] CNN followed suit in October 2007, but took a citizen journalism approach, allowing residents of Second Life to submit their own reportage.[6] Although the news audience of Second World is relatively small, and declining, media consider it a training ground for themselves and participants, applicable to future virtual news projects.[6]

References

  1. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  2. ^ Schreck, Carl (2006-07-03). "Proletarian Bloggers Celebrate a Milestone". Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  3. ^ Greg Sandoval (July 30, 2006). "CNN snatching page out of YouTube's book". C/Net. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
  4. ^ Scott Leith (August 1, 2006). "CNN welcoming citizen journalists". Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel. Retrieved 2007-11-14. [dead link]
  5. ^ "Reuters opens virtual news bureau in 'Second Life'". USA Today. October 10, 2006. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  6. ^ a b Mike Shields (October 29, 2007). "CNN To Launch Bureau in Second Life Virtual World". Media Week. Archived from the original on 2007-10-31. Retrieved 2007-11-14.

External links

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