Newtimber

Newtimber is a small

The parish covers an area of 695 hectares (1,720 acres). At the 2011 Census the population was included in the civil parish of Poynings.

Listed Buildings and Scheduled Monuments

Newtimber civil parish contains 12 listed buildings. Of these, one is Grade I, one is Grade II* and the remaining 10 buildings are Grade II. The parish contains three scheduled monuments.

Listed buildings

Grade I listed buildings:

• Newtimber Place (List Entry Number 1025629), a moated house; the oldest portion was built by the Bellingham family in the 16th century, but the main portion dates from the late 17th century.^[3]

Grade II* listed buildings:

• The Parish Church of St John Evangelist (List Entry Number 1354879), essentially 13th century, though the medieval work has been largely overlaid by restoration work in 1875; the tower was added in 1839.^[4]

Scheduled monuments

• Bowl barrow on North Hill (List Entry Number 1014949), a circular mound with a deep central hollow, indicating partial excavation in the past.^[5]
• Group of three bowl barrows and an Anglo-Saxon mixed cemetery on Summer Down (List Entry Number 1014952), a linear group of three prehistoric barrows and a later Anglo-Saxon cremation and inhumation cemetery.^[6]
• Cross dyke on Newtimber Hill (List Entry Number 1015717), a roughly north–south aligned cross dyke constructed across a chalk ridge, partly disturbed by flint diggings, tree roots and downland tracks.^[7]

Notable buildings and areas

Map

Newtimber is a small parish with a scattered population, which may be as low as seventy five inhabitants. It stretches from the

Saddlescombe (TQ 272 114) is a hamlet in the Newtimber parish; it lies on the road from Poynings to Brighton, 5.4 miles (8.7 km) northwest of Brighton.

Saddlescombe Farm is a busy little place sitting at the base of the Downs which has been owned by the National Trust along with the surrounding countryside since 1995. It has lots of history having been listed as a working farm since the Domesday Book, belonging to the Knights Templar for around 100 years^[8] and being one of the two manors of Newtimber Parish. The ancient well in middle of the village green is probably the only visible relic of the manor and the donkey wheel above it that wound up the hamlet's water is still intact.^[9] There are rusting iron oxen shoes tacked to the old doorway farmhouse.

The hamlet consists of several threshing barns, large storage barns, a variety of houses, forge, cattle yard and dairy, duck pond, donkey wheel, pig sties, chicken coops and old stables.

Newtimber Place

Newtimber Place (TQ 269 137) is a 16th-century house, likely built by the sheriff of Sussex, Richard Bellingham.^[10] It has a wide moat which goes right up to its walls, with white bridge that is fed by clear, chalk spring water. It has a giant turkey oak tree outside.

To the west of the house is Newtimber Wood (TQ 266 134). This is an intact

Newtimber Holt (TQ 277 126) is a rich and ancient woodland with a history possibly going back ten thousand years. There are at least twenty ancient woodland indicator species including

At the bottom of the Holt is the sunken Beggar's Lane (TQ 267 126) surrounded by high beech trees. The quiet road runs round the north west corner of Newtimber Hill. One can find white helleborine orchis, wood millet and wood melic on its banks. At its southern end it joins the Saddlescombe road, but that is not its original course that the Romans took. Just a few yards to the west and below the busy lane back to Poynings is a wooded terrace which is the original Roman path.^[10] If one finds the path, one may also come across a very old and big beech pollard (TQ 266 123).

Newtimber Hill

Views from Newtimber Hills western slopes extend all along the ocean wave of the chalk scarp to

On the west flank of Newtimber Hill, above and below the Saddlescombe Road, are disused braided trackways, that are known locally as the ‘Devil's Stairs’. In this area lives a population of ancient juniper, our most special and rarest native bushy species. Some of the bushes may be as old as four hundred years, despite being only ten metres (thirty foot) or so high. The bushes' ancestors are likely some of the first woody species re-colonizing postglacial Britain, as it is a classic species of the cold tundra grasslands. Unfortunately, the Newtimber junipers are the only native ones on the Brighton Downs, despite Wolley-Dod in 1937 recording it as being abundant to the west of Brighton and present if rare to the east.^[11] The National Trust and the Sussex Wildlife Trust are now bravely restoring the juniper's old Down pasture habitat and it is being planted on the A27 bypass at Stanmer and Devil's Dyke.

On the top of Newtimber Hill there are two dew ponds (TQ 272 123), one which is dried and now covered with colourful with waxcaps and the other a restored dew pond with much pond life. South of the dew ponds the plateau descends by a staircase of medieval strip lynchets to the combe of sheltered Saddlescombe. The lynchets are chalky in character with nice flowers and old meadow fungi, with waxcap (meadow, crimson and scarlet hood) with scatters of earth tongues and clumps of five or six species of coral fungi.

North, East and West Hill

North, East and West Hill all surround Saddlecombe. North Hill (TQ 270 120) has two prominent

Saddlescombe chalk quarry

Saddlescombe chalk quarry (TQ 270 116) still has the old limekilns under some big old bushes. There are chalk-loving mosses, waxcaps and earth tongues on the terracettes. There are many butterflies, including the adonis blue, in summer but the grayling butterfly has now gone and there is only one site in Sussex where it remains.^[13]

Cross Dyke

There's a cross dyke (TQ 275 124)) between West Hill and Newtimber Hill, along the line of the bridlepath, which is believed to be a prehistoric land boundary. It is now a scheduled monument.^[7]

Summer Down

Summers Down (TQ 267 110) is a bushy acid grassland with lots of sheltered places and a good view of the Poynings Gap. The place was a pagan Saxon cemetery, the site of an old windmill, and a small cross dyke,^[6] but they are difficult to make out. South of the road, the National Trust car park has three Bronze Age bowl barrows still upstanding, both with their tops dug out by treasure seekers of the past.^[6]

Part of Summer Down (TQ 272 111) is fenced off from Summer Down road on its south side, though it is scored with the deep-cut braided paths of that road. The cut up tracks are three metres (ten feet) deep caused by centuries of passage by pack horse trains, carts and flocks. These are deeper than the ditches of the Devil's-Dyke hillfort.

Ewe Bottom

Most of Ewe Bottom (TQ 267 106) used to be part of Saddlescombe's sheep pastures, although the area west of the bridlepath was part of Poynings’ pastures. Since the construction of the golf course, it has been left largely derelict and the

Pond Brow (TQ 271 105) has two peaceful old dew ponds which watered these great pastures, which were known as West Down.

The valley sides south of Pond Brow were also part of West Down and tiny fragments of old flower-rich pastures survive on the steepest parts. Where those pastures met the road (TQ 275 103) the verges are still colourful with old Downland herbs including swarms of

The Devil's Dyke Golf Course (TQ 265 103) was founded in 1908, although there was a women's course that pre-dated it.^[14] It was badly damaged in the Second World War when it was used for tank training, but Brighton Council rebuilt it.^[14]

The course has lost almost all of its old Down pasture flowers, but remarkably, many of the old meadow fungi seem to have survived. At least fourteen have been found there including waxcaps and coral fungi.

East of the bridlepath there is a spot, now largely forgotten, which used to be called Beggar's Haven (TQ 266 104) where a curled up skeleton was unearthed in Victorian times with a necklace of beads of lignite and tubular beads of bronze.Accompanying it was a decorated pottery ‘beaker’ nearly five inches wide of a type found at several sites on these Downs.^[12] Probably a burial mound once rose above this early Bronze Age burial, but it isn't there anymore.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Newtimber.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saddlescombe.

• Newtimber Parish website
• The Downland Benefice: Newtimber Church
• Saddlescombe Farm and Newtimber Hill - National Trust
• 'Parishes: Newtimber', A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7: The rape of Lewes (1940), pp. 204-208.