Bhutanese ngultrum
Indian Rupee) | |
---|---|
Issuance | |
Monetary authority | Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan |
Website | www |
Valuation | |
Inflation | 5.2% |
Source | Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan, 2015 est. |
Pegged with | Indian rupee (at par) |
The ngultrum (
History
Until 1789, the coins of the
While the
The term derives from the Dzongkha ngul, "silver" and trum, a Hindi loanword meaning "money."[6]
The Ministry of Finance issued its first banknotes in 1974 in denominations of Nu.1, Nu.5, Nu.10 and Nu.100. This was followed by the establishment of the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan as the central bank of Bhutan in 1982, which took over the authority to issue banknotes in 1983, replacing the authority of the Ministry of Finance.[7]
Coins
In 1974, aluminum Ch.5 and Ch.10, aluminium-bronze Ch.20, and cupro-nickel Ch.25 and Nu.1 were introduced. The Ch.5 was square and the Ch.10 was scallop-shaped. A new coinage was introduced in 1979, consisting of bronze Ch.5 and Ch.10, and cupro-nickel Ch.25 and Ch.50 and Nu.1 and Nu.3. Aluminium-bronze Ch.25 was also issued dated 1979. Ch.5 and Ch.10 have largely ceased circulating. Currently, coins are available in denominations of Ch.20, Ch.25, Ch.50 and Nu.1.
Banknotes
Previous series
On June 2, 1974,[8] Nu.1, Nu.5 and Nu.10 notes were introduced by the Royal Government of Bhutan, followed by Nu.2, Nu.20, Nu.50, and Nu.100 in 1978.[8] On August 4, 1982, the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Act was enacted, although the RMA did not begin operations until November 1, 1983, and did not issue its own family of notes until 1986.[8]
Previous series [1] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Colour | Description | |||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | |||
Nu.1 | 114 x 62 mm | Blue | The Government crest, two dragons | Simtokha Dzong | "Royal Monetary Authority" in top and bottom margin | ||
Nu.5 | 130 × 62 mm | Orange | The Government crest, two mythical bird (Bja Tshering) (the bird of long life) | Paro Rinpung Dzong | |||
Nu.10 | 140 × 70 mm | Purple | The Government crest, Dungkar (conch) (one of the eight lucky signs), Jigme Singye Wangchuck | ||||
Nu.20 | 152 × 70 mm | Yellow-green | The Government crest, Khorlo (Wheel of Dharma, one of the eight auspicious signs), Jigme Dorji Wangchuck | Punakha Dzong | |||
Nu.50 | 155 × 70 mm | Pink | Trongsa Dzong, two mythical birds Bja Tshering (bird of long life) | ||||
Nu.100 | 161 × 70 mm | Green | Norbu Rimpochhe (one of the seven auspicious gems), Jigme Singye Wangchuck | Tashichho Dzong | Crossed Dorji (Dorji jardrum) | ||
Nu.500 | 160 × 70 mm | Red | Norbu Rimpochhe encircled by two Dragons (one of the seven auspicious gems), Ugyen Wangchuck | Punakha Dzong | |||
For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Present series
In 2006, the Monetary Authority introduced its latest series of notes, with denominations of Nu.1, Nu.5, Nu.10, Nu.20, Nu.50, Nu.100, Nu.500, and Nu.1000. These notes use a hybrid substrate.[9]
2006–present Series | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of issue | Date of first issue | Watermark | ||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | ||||||
[2] | [3] | Nu.1 | 120 x 60 mm | Blue, red and green | Dragons | Simtokha Dzong | 2006 2013 |
November 20, 2006 | None |
[4] | [5] | Nu.5 | 125 x 60 mm | Yellow, brown and red | Birds | Paro Taktsang | 2006 2011 2015 |
November 20, 2006 | None |
[6] | [7] | Nu.10 | 125 x 65 mm | Purple, dark green and yellow | Jigme Singye Wangchuck; Dungkar (conch), one of the eight good luck symbols | Paro Rinpung Dzong | 2006 2013 |
2007 | Jigme Singye Wangchuck |
[8] | [9] | Nu.20 | 130 x 65 mm | Yellow and green | Jigme Dorji Wangchuck | Punakha Dzong | 2006 2013 |
November 20, 2006 | Jigme Dorji Wangchuck |
[10] | [11] | Nu.50 | 145 x 70 mm | Pink, orange and green | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | Trongsa Dzong | 2008 2013 |
November 6, 2008 | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck |
[12] | [13] | Nu.100 | 145 x 70 mm | Green | Jigme Singye Wangchuck; Norbu Rimpochhe, one of the seven auspicious gems | Tashichho Dzong, dragons in upper corners | 2006 2011 2015 |
2007 | Jigme Singye Wangchuck |
[14] | [15] | Nu.500 | 155 x 70 mm | Pink, orange and green | Ugyen Wangchuck with the Raven Crown | Punakha Dzong | 2006 2011 |
November 20, 2006 | Jigme Singye Wangchuk
|
[16] | [17] | Nu.1000 | 165 x 70 mm | Yellow, red and gold | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck with the Raven Crown | Tashichho Dzong | 2008 2016 |
November 6, 2008 | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck |
For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Commemorative notes
Commemorative notes | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of issue | Date of first issue | Watermark | |
Obverse | Reverse | |||||||
[18] | Nu.100 | 145 x 70 mm | Orange, brown and red | Mythical angel carrying the Raven Crown; national emblem; royal wedding logo consisting of khorlo (wheel) signifying royalty, circles with dhar (ceremonial scarf) signifying eternal union of thap (method) and sherab (wisdom), and the dham tshig tsangma and lotus, symbolizing purity of union; Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema | Punakha Dzong (aka Pungtang Dechen Photrang Dzong, meaning “the palace of great happiness or bliss”) | 2011 | October 13, 2011 | None |
[19] | Nu.100 | 146 x 70 mm | Yellow, gold, blue, and red | King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema; Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck | Mountains; dragon | February 5, 2016 | 2017 | Jigme Singye Wangchuck with electrotype swirl |
For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Exchange rate
Current BTN exchange rates | |
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From Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD JPY USD |
From Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD JPY USD |
From XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD JPY USD |
From OANDA: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD JPY USD |
See also
References
- ^ "BanknoteNews – Breaking news about world paper money. Powered by the Banknote Book". banknotenews.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
- ^ Bhutan issues new 50- and 1,000-ngultrum notes Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
- ^ "Old Coins of Bhutan". Mintage World. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ^ "Currency Information: Bhutanese Rupee". ExchangeRate.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016. This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License.
- ^ "Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan - History". rma.org.bt. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
- ISBN 9781476606736– via Google Books.
- Government of Bhutan. 1982. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
- ^ a b c Linzmayer, Owen (2011). "Bhutan". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ "Bhutan - Banknote News". www.banknotenews.com. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). ISBN 0873411501.
- Panish, Charles K: "Early Coinage of Bhutan". The American Numismatic Society, Museum Notes 17, New York 1971, p. 247-254 and plates XLVII-XLVIII.
- Rhodes, Nicholas:The Coinage of Bhutan. Oriental Numismatic Society, Information Sheet no 16, January 1977.
- Rhodes, Nicholas: "Coinage in Bhutan".Journal of Bhutan Studies.. The Centre of Bhutan Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, Thimphu, Autumn, 1999, p. 84-113.
- Rhodes, Nicholas: "The Monetisation of Bhutan". Journal of Bhutan Studies.. The Centre of Bhutan Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, Thimphu, Winter 2000, p. 85-103.
- Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). ISBN 0873411501.
- Pick, Albert (1994). ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
External links
- Analysis of Pegged Exchange Rate Between Bhutan and India
- Bhutan Currecy & Banks in Bhutan
- Historical and current banknotes of Bhutan
- http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jbs/pdf/JBS_01_01_04.pdf
- http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jbs/pdf/JBS_02_02_03.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120806142959/http://picasaweb.google.com/Vercrusse/Bhutan_Coins02