Niš
Niš
Ниш (Serbian) | ||
---|---|---|
Град Ниш Grad Niš City of Niš | ||
Patron Saint Procopius of Scythopolis[4] | | |
Website | www |
Niš (
Several Roman emperors were born in Niš or used it as a residence: Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor and the founder of Constantinople, Constantius III, Constans, Vetranio, Julian, Valentinian I, Valens; and Justin I.[5] Emperor Claudius Gothicus decisively defeated the Goths at the Battle of Naissus (present-day Niš).[6] Later playing a prominent role in the history of the Byzantine Empire, the city's past would earn it the nickname Imperial City.[7][8]
After about 400 years of Ottoman rule, the city was liberated in 1878 and became part of the Principality of Serbia, though not without great bloodshed—remnants of which can be found throughout the city. Today, Niš is one of the most important economic centers in Serbia, especially in the electronics, mechanical engineering, textile, and tobacco industries. Constantine the Great Airport is Niš's international airport. The city is also the seat of the University of Niš, the Eparchy of Niš and the Command of Serbian Army.
In 2013, the city was host to the celebration of 1700 years of Constantine's Edict of Milan.[9]
Name
Niš was known as Нишь
Niš evolved from the toponym attested in Ancient Greek as ΝΑΙΣΣΟΣ (Naissos) achieving its present form via phonetic changes in Proto-Albanian and thereafter the placename entered Slavic.[13][14][15][16][17] Nish might indicate that Proto-Albanian was spoken in the region in pre-Slavic antiquity.[18] According to Ismajli (2015), when this settlement happened is a matter of debate, as Proto-Albanians might have moved relatively late in antiquity in the area which might have been an eastern expansion of Proto-Albanian settlement as no other toponyms known in antiquity in the area presuppose an Albanian development.[19] It cannot be ruled out however that the development of Nish < Naiss- may also represent a regional development in late antiquity Balkans which, while closely related to Albanian (i.e. characterized by the same phonetic system), may not be identical with it.[20] Attempts have been made to explain the place name in various ways as "a purely Slavic development", such as by Serbian linguist Aleksandar Loma,[21][22] however, Austrian linguist Joachim Matzinger, who maintains the Albanian transmission of Naiss > Niš, states that "a discussion with historical South Slavic linguistics is an urgent desideratum".[21]
History
Early history
The first settlement on the site of today's Niš may have been founded by the Celts at the end of the 3rd century BC.[12][23] There is very little archaeological evidence however which can be used to reconstruct a pre-Roman history of Niš.[24] During the Roman era, the city of Naissus became a large urban center.[12] During the Roman conquest of the Balkans, between 168 and 75 BC, the city was used as a base of operations. Naissus was first mentioned in Roman documents near the beginning of the 2nd century CE, and was considered a place worthy of note in the Geography of Ptolemy of Alexandria.[citation needed]
The Romans occupied the town during the Dardanian campaign (75–73 BC), and set up a legionary camp in the city.[25] The city, called refugia and vici in pre-Roman relation, as a result of its strategic position (the Thracians were based to the south[25]) developed as an important garrison and market town in the province of Moesia Superior.[26] In 169 AD, Naissus was established as a municipium and from Diocletian onwards it belonged to the province of Dardania.[12] In 272, the future Emperor Constantine the Great was born in Naissus. Constantine created the Dacia Mediterranea province, of which Naissus was the capital, which also included Remesiana on the Via Militaris and the towns of Pautalia and Germania. He lived in Naissus briefly from 316 to 322.[27]
The city was of great importance for the
In 364 AD, the imperial Villa Mediana 3 km (2 mi) was the site where emperors Valentinian and Valens met and divided the Roman Empire into halves which they would rule as co-emperors.[29]
It was besieged by the
Middle Ages
In 805, the town and its surroundings were taken by Bulgarian Emperor Krum.[30] In the 11th century Byzantium reclaimed control over Naissus and the surrounding area.
King
Ottoman period
The fall of the Serbian Empire, which was conquered by Ottoman Sultan Murad I in 1385, decided the fate of Niš as well. After a 25-day-long siege the city fell to the Ottomans. It was returned to Serbian rule in 1443. Niš again fell under Ottoman rule in 1448, and remained thusly for 241 years. During Ottoman rule Niš was a seat of the empire's military and civil administration. A Silesian traveler stated in 1596 that the route from Sofia to Niš was littered with corpses and described the gates of Niš as bedecked with the freshly-severed heads of poor Bulgarian peasants.[36] In 1689, Niš was seized by the Austrian army during the Great Turkish War, but the Ottomans regained it in 1690. In 1737, Niš was again seized by the Austrians, who attempted to rebuild the fortifications around the city. The same year, the Ottomans reclaimed the city without resistance. The existing fortification is of Ottoman Turkish origin, dating from the first decades of the 18th century (1719–1723). It is well known as one of the most significant and best preserved monuments of this kind in the mid-Balkans. The Fortress was erected on the site of earlier fortifications – the ancient Roman, Byzantine, and later yet Medieval forts. [37]
During the
In the 19th century Niš was an important town, but populated by Bulgarians in the 19th century, when the
In 1870, Niš was included in the Bulgarian Exarchate.[47] Before the area had been under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć. The city was also stipulated the area to be ceded to Bulgaria according to the Constantinople Conference in 1876.[48]
Niš was finally taken by the Serbian Army during the
Independent Serbia
In the following years, the city saw rapid development. The city library was founded in 1879 and the famous Serbian writer Stevan Sremac, a native of Niš, was its first clerk.[54][55] The first hotel, Europe, was built in 1879; shortly after the first district hospital[56] and the first bank started operating in 1881.[57] In 1878, the first Grammar School (Gimnazija),[58] in 1882 the Teacher Training College, and in 1894, the Girls' College were founded in Niš.[57] The City Hall was built from 1882 to 1887.
In 1883, Kosta Čendaš established the first printing house. In 1884, the first newspaper in the city Niški Vesnik was started.[57] In 1884, Jovan Apel built a brewery.[59] A railway line to Niš was built in 1884, as well as the city's railway station; on 8 August 1884, the first train arrived from Belgrade.[citation needed] In 1885, Niš became the last station of the Orient Express, until the railroad was built between Niš and Sofia in 1888. In 1887, the Niš Theatre Sinđelić was built.[57]
In 1897 Mita Ristić founded the Nitex textile factory.[57] In 1905 the female painter Nadežda Petrović established the Sićevo art colony.[57] The first film was screened in 1897, and the first permanent cinema started operating in 1906.[57] The hydroelectric dam in Sićevo Gorge on the Nišava was built in 1908;[57] at the time, it was the largest in Serbia. The airfield was built in 1912 on the Trupale field, and the first aeroplane arrived on 29 December 1912. The city's museum was founded in 1913.[citation needed]
During the
During the age and breakup of Yugoslavia
In the first few years after the war, Niš was recovering from the damage. In 1921, Niš became the centre of the Region (oblast), governed by a grand-župan, appointed by royal decree. From 1929 to 1941, Niš was the capital of the Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The tram system in Niš started to run in November 1930. The national airline Aeroput included Niš as a regular destination for the route Belgrade—Niš—Skopje—Thessaloniki in 1930. During the time of German occupation in World War II, the first Nazi Crveni Krst concentration camp in Yugoslavia was in Niš. About 30,000 people passed through this camp, of whom over 10,000 were shot on nearby Bubanj hill. On 12 February 1942, 147 prisoners staged a mass escape. In 1944, the city was heavily bombed by the Allies.[61] In September 1943, the Germans established the Dulag 413 transit camp for Italian Military Internees in the city.[62]
On 14 October 1944, after a long and exhausting battle, the 7th German SS Division '
After World War II, the University of Niš was founded on 15 June 1965.
Over the course of the
2000–present
In April 2012, the Russian-Serbian Humanitarian Center was established in the city of Niš. In December 2017, a new building of Clinical Centre of Niš spreading over 45,000 square meters was opened.[68]
Geography
The road running from the North, from Western and Central Europe and Belgrade down to the Morava River valley, forks into two major lines at Niš: the southern line, leading to
]Niš is situated at the 43°19' latitude north and 21°54' longitude east, in the
Climate
Niš has a humid subtropical climate, but with continental influences. Average annual temperature in the area of Niš is 12.4 °C (54.3 °F). July is the warmest month of the year, with an average of 23.1 °C (73.6 °F). The coldest month is January, averaging at 0.9 °C (33.6 °F). The average of the annual rainfall is 613.8 mm (24.17 in). The average barometer value is 992.74 mb. On average, there are 134 days with rain and snow cover lasts for 41 days.
Average temperatures in Niš are rising and they are about 1 °C higher in last 15 years than in period from 1991-2020. Number of snow days and days with frost is decreasing, since January is the only month with average lows below 0 °C.
Climate data for Niš, Serbia (2009.-2023.) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C | 5.3 | 9.0 | 13.6 | 19.2 | 23.5 | 27.9 | 30.9 | 31.3 | 26.5 | 19.6 | 13.8 | 7.2 | 19.0 |
Daily mean °C | 1.9 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 17.5 | 21.7 | 24.0 | 24.1 | 19.7 | 13.7 | 9.3 | 3.9 | 13.5 |
Mean daily minimum °C | −1.6 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 7.1 | 11.6 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 16.8 | 13.0 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 0.5 | 8.0 |
Mean daily maximum °F | 41.5 | 48.2 | 56.5 | 66.6 | 74.3 | 82.2 | 87.6 | 88.3 | 79.7 | 67.3 | 56.8 | 45.0 | 66.2 |
Daily mean °F | 35.4 | 40.3 | 46.8 | 55.6 | 63.5 | 71.1 | 75.2 | 75.4 | 67.5 | 56.7 | 48.7 | 39.0 | 56.3 |
Mean daily minimum °F | 29.1 | 32.5 | 37.2 | 44.8 | 52.9 | 59.7 | 62.8 | 62.2 | 55.4 | 46.0 | 40.5 | 32.9 | 46.4 |
Source: "www.weatheronline.co.uk". Retrieved 22 April 2024. |
Climate data for Niš (1991–2020, extremes 1940–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
35.3 (95.5) |
40.3 (104.5) |
44.2 (111.6) |
42.2 (108.0) |
39.6 (103.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
44.2 (111.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
19.0 (66.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
27.9 (82.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
2.3 (36.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.7 (−10.7) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−23.7 (−10.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42.9 (1.69) |
39.0 (1.54) |
47.6 (1.87) |
55.9 (2.20) |
69.8 (2.75) |
57.6 (2.27) |
49.4 (1.94) |
43.9 (1.73) |
49.0 (1.93) |
55.8 (2.20) |
49.0 (1.93) |
53.9 (2.12) |
613.8 (24.17) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.1 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 9.0 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 13.6 | 134.1 |
Average snowy days | 9.8 | 8.0 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 8.2 | 35.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
79.1 | 73.3 | 65.3 | 63.0 | 66.0 | 64.6 | 60.6 | 60.3 | 66.8 | 73.5 | 76.5 | 80.3 | 69.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 67.5 | 93.7 | 156.0 | 179.2 | 212.5 | 250.2 | 272.7 | 275.6 | 200.6 | 142.4 | 84.4 | 51.6 | 1,986.4 |
Source 1: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[70][71] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[72] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1878 | 12,801 | — |
1884 | 16,178 | +26.4% |
1890 | 19,877 | +22.9% |
1895 | 21,524 | +8.3% |
1900 | 24,573 | +14.2% |
1905 | 21,946 | −10.7% |
1910 | 24,949 | +13.7% |
1921 | 28,625 | +14.7% |
1931 | 35,465 | +23.9% |
1941 | 44,800 | +26.3% |
1948 | 49,332 | +10.1% |
1953 | 58,656 | +18.9% |
1961 | 81,250 | +38.5% |
1971 | 127,654 | +57.1% |
1981 | 161,376 | +26.4% |
1991 | 173,250 | +7.4% |
2002 | 173,724 | +0.3% |
2011 | 183,164 | +5.4% |
2022 | 182,797 | −0.2% |
Source: Становништво, национална или етничка припадност, подаци по насељима, Републички завод за статистику[73] |
According to the final results from the 2022 census, the population of city proper of Niš was 182,797,[3] while its administrative area had a population of 260,237.[3]
The city of Niš has 87,975 households with 2,96 members on average, while the number of homes is 119,196.[74]
Religion structure in the city of Niš is predominantly
The composition of population by sex and average age:[75]
- Male – 126,645 (40.90 years) and
- Female – 133,592 (42.81 years).
A total of 120,562 citizens (older than 15 years) have secondary education (53.81%), while the 51,471 citizens have higher education (23.0%). Of those with higher education, 34,409 (15.4%) have university education.[76]
Ethnic composition
The ethnic composition of the city of Niš:[77]
Demographics of Niš | ||
---|---|---|
Ethnic group | City | Urban |
Serbs | 243,381 | 174,225 |
Romani | 6,996 | 5,490 |
Montenegrins | 659 | 579 |
Bulgarians | 927 | 741 |
Yugoslavs | 202 | 202 |
Croats | 398 | 344 |
Others | 7,674 | 1,963 |
Total | 260,237 | 183,544 |
Administrative divisions
The city of Niš consists of five municipalities. The first four municipalities are in the urban area of Niš, while Niška Banja is a suburban municipality. Before 2002, the city of Niš had only two municipalities, one of them named "Niš" and another named "Niška Banja". The city of Niš includes further neighborhoods: | ||||
Medijana | Palilula | Pantelej
|
Crveni Krst | Niška Banja |
---|---|---|---|---|
Center
|
Palilula | Pantelej | Crveni Krst | Niška Banja |
Marger | Staro Groblje
|
Jagodin Mala (partly) | Beograd Mala | Nikola Tesla (broj 6)
|
Trg Kralja Aleksandra | Crni put | Durlan
|
Jagodin Mala (partly) | Jelašnica |
Kičevo | Bubanj | Komren (partly) | Komren (mostly) | Sićevo |
Čair | Ledena Stena | Čalije | Šljaka | Ostrovica
|
Bulevar Nemanjića | Suvi Do | Somborski bulevar | Medoševac | Prva Kutina |
Bulevar Djindjica | Apelovac | Vrežina | Ratko Jović | Radikina Bara |
Medijana | Kovanluk | Branko Bjegović | Stevan Sindjelić | Prosek
|
Trošarina | Tutunović Podrum | Podvinik | Čukljenik
| |
Duvanište | Kalač Brdo | Beverli Hils | Donja and Gornja Studena | |
Brzi Brod | Gabrovačka reka |
Economy
The city of Niš is the administrative, industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center of the south-eastern part of Republic of Serbia. The position of Niš is strategically important, at the intersection of European highway and railway networks connecting Europe with Asia. Niš is easily accessible, having an airport – Niš Constantine the Great Airport and being a point of intersection of numerous railroad and highway lines.
It is in Niš that the trunk road running from the north down the Morava River valley forks into two major lines:
- the south one, leading to River valley,
- and the east one, running along the Nišava and the Marica, leading towards Sofia and Istanbul, and further on, towards the Near East.
These roads have been widely known from ancient times, because they represented the beaten tracks along which peoples, goods and armies moved. Known as 'Via Militaris' in
As of September 2017, Niš has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia.[79]
- Economic preview
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2019):[80]
Activity | Total |
---|---|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 187 |
Mining and quarrying | 140 |
Manufacturing | 21,072 |
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 806 |
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 1,941 |
Construction | 3,190 |
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 13,577 |
Transportation and storage | 5,408 |
Accommodation and food services | 3,541 |
Information and communication | 3,077 |
Financial and insurance activities | 1,446 |
Real estate activities | 130 |
Professional, scientific and technical activities | 3,559 |
Administrative and support service activities | 2,159 |
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 4,139 |
Education | 7,261 |
Human health and social work activities | 7,542 |
Arts, entertainment and recreation | 1,256 |
Other service activities | 1,677 |
Individual agricultural workers | 89 |
Total | 82,197 |
Companies
Niš is one of the most important industrial centers in Serbia, well known for its tobacco, electronics, construction, mechanical-engineering, textile, nonferrous-metal, food-processing and rubber-goods industries.
Among the manufacturing companies which had a huge impact during the second half of the 20th century on Niš's development are:
Prominent tobacco manufacturer "Niš Tobacco Factory" was sold to Philip Morris in August 2003 for 518 million euros, while Nitex was sold to Benetton Group.[81] In recent years, Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc., Yura Corporation, Zumtobel Group, Johnson Electric and Shinwon opened their plants in Niš. Currently, Chinese manufacturer, Xingyu automotive systems, is building its factory.
In former Electronic and Mechanical Industry complexes, many smaller manufacturers opened their plants.
In 2019, companies with highest operating income were Philip Morris International, with over 190,000,000 Euros and Johnson Electric with over 140,000,000 Euros.[82]
Transportation
Niš is strategically between the Morava river valley in North and the Vardar river valley in the south, on the main route between Greece and Central Europe. In the Niš area, this major transportation and communication route is linked with the natural corridor formed by the Nišava river valley, which runs Eastwards in the direction of Sofia and Istanbul. The city has been a passing station for the Orient Express.
The first highways date back to the 1950s when Niš was linked with capital Belgrade through the Brotherhood and Unity Highway, the first in Southeastern Europe.
Historically, because of its location, the city had always great importance in the region. The first to take advantage of it was the
The city is also a major regional railway junction linking Serbia to Sofia and Istanbul.
The Niš Constantine the Great Airport is the second most important airport in Serbia. The first airfield serving the city of Niš was established in 1910, near the village of Donje Međurovo. In the 1930s then-national airline company Aeroput used the airport for civil service. In 1935 Aeroput included a stop in Niš in its route linking Belgrade with Skoplje.[83]
The city public transportation consists nowadays of 13 bus lines. A tram system existed in Niš between 1930 and 1958.[84] Niš Bus Station is the city's largest and main bus station which offers both local urban and intercity transport to international destinations. The largest intercity bus carrier based in the city is Niš-Ekspres, which operates to various cities and villages in Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[citation needed]
-
Central Bus Station
-
Main Railway Station
Culture
Theatre
Niš is a home of the
Music
From 1981 Niš is the host of
and others.Tourism
Tourist sites
- Čegar – The place where the Battle of Čegar took place on 19 May 1809.
- Naziconcentration camps in Europe. It is on February 12 Boulevard.
- Memorial to Constantine the Great – built in the city centre in 2013, in commemoration to Constantine the Great who was born in the city, on the anniversary of the Edict of Milan.
- Bubanj – Monument to fallen Yugoslav World War II fighters, forming the shape of three clenched fists. The place where 10,000 civilian hostages from Niš and south Serbia were brutally murdered by German Nazis.
- Kalča, City passage and Gorča – Trade centers situated in Milana Obrenovića Street.
- bombing victims – The chapel was built by local authorities while the monument was built by the State government in 1999. They are situated in Sumatovacka street near Niš Fortress.
- Niš Fortress – The remaining fortification was built by the Turks, and dates from the first decades of the 18th century (1719–23). It is situated in the city center.
- The fortress-cafes – They are situated near Stambol gate (the main gate of the fortress).
- Sofia, Bulgaria, near EI Nis.
- Niška Banja (Niš spa) – A very popular spa during the summer season. It is 10 km (6 mi) from city center on the road leading to Sofia, in the bottom of Suva Planina Mountain.
- Tinkers Alley – An old urban downtown zone in today's Kopitareva Street, built in the first half of the 18th century. It was a street full of tinkers and other craftsmen, but today it is packed with cafes and restaurants.
- Skull Tower (Ćele Kula) – A monument to the Serbian revolutionaries (1804–13); a tower made out of skulls of Serbian uprisers, killed and decapitated by the Ottomans. It is situated on Zoran Đinđić Boulevard, on the old Constantinople road leading to Sofia.
- Sultans Trail Long distance hiking and biking route from Vienna to İstanbul runs through Niš.
Architecture and monuments
Buildings in Niš are constantly being built. Niš is the second city in Serbia after Belgrade by number of high-rises.[citation needed] The Ambassador Hotel is one of the tallest buildings in Niš, but there are also other buildings like TV5 Tower.
Sport
The city of Niš is home to numerous sport clubs including
The biggest stadium in Niš is the
Notable residents
The people listed below were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with the city of Niš, and its surrounding metropolitan area.
- Constantius I, Roman Emperor, father of Constantine I
- Constantine I, the great, (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus) – ruled 306 to 337
- Constantius III, (Flavius Constantius) – ruled 421
- Justin I, (Flavius Iustinus) – ruled 518 to 527
- Nikephoros Lykaon protospatharios c. 1050
- vojvoda), died in 1809 in the Battle of Čegar.
- Stevan Sremac (1855–1906), writer, came to Niš shortly after its liberation from the Turkish rule; wrote about life in old Niš (Ivkova slava, Zona Zamfirova).
- Nikola Uzunović, (b. 1873), prime minister of Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1926 to 1927.
- Dragiša Cvetković, (1893–1969), prime minister of Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1939 to 1941.
- Svetislav Milosavljević, (1882–1960), a Yugoslav army general and first Ban of Vrbas Banovina.
- Dušan Radović, (1922–84), journalist and writer.
- Dušan Čkrebić, (b. 1927), President(1984–1986) and Prime Minister(1978–1982) of SR Serbia.
- Spiridon, (?–1389), Patriarch of Serbian Patriarchate of Peć.
- Serbian patriarch (2010–2020) and Bishop of Niš(1975–2010)
- Nadja Regin, (1931–2019), Serbian and British actress.
- Predrag Antonijević, (b. 1959), film director.
- Branko Miljković (1934–61), poet.
- Bratislav Anastasijević (1936–1992), musician, conductor
- Šaban Bajramović (1936–2008), Romani singer and composer.
- Kornelije Kovač (b. 1942), rock musician and composer.
- Goran Paskaljević (1947–2020), movie director; raised by his grandparents in Niš 1949–63, after the divorce of his parents.
- Radnički Niš.
- Eva Haljecka Petković (1870–1947), doctor.
- Predrag Miletić (b. 1952), actor.
- Miki Manojlović (b. 1950), actor.
- Zoran Živković(b. 1954), handball player and coach, Olympic champion
- Aki Rahimovski(b. 1954), rock musician.
- Nenad Milosavljević (b. 1954), rock musician.
- Biljana Krstić(b. 1959), rock and traditional music singer and songwriter.
- Ana Stanić (b.1975), Serbian pop-rock singer
- Zoran Živković (b. 1960), politician, a former Prime Minister of Serbia.
- Zoran Ćirić (b. 1962), writer.
- Aleksandar Šoštar (b. 1964), water polo goalkeeper, Olympic, World and European champion.
- Dragan Stojković (b. 1965), football player, Olympic bronze medalist.
- Lidija Mihajlović (b. 1968), shooting champion.
- Branislava Ilić (b. 1970), playwright, screenwriter, prose writer, essayist.
- Ivan Miljković (b. 1979), volleyball player, Olympic and European champion.
- Bojana Popović (b. 1979), Montenegrin handball player, Olympic silver medalist.
- Nikola Karabatić (b. 1984), French handball player, Olympic, World and European champion.
- Nemanja Radulović (b. 1985), violinist.
- Ivan Kostic (b. 1989), footballer.
- Stefan Jović (b. 1990), basketball player, Olympic, World Cup, and EuroBasket silver medalist.
- Sava Ranđelović (b. 1993), water polo player, Olympic, World and European champion.
- Andrija Živković (b. 1996), footballer, U-20 World champion.
- Staša Gejo (b. 1997), sport climber, World and European champion.
- Nemanja Radonjić (b. 1996), footballer, Serbian champion.
Diplomatic missions
The city of Niš, after Belgrade, has the largest diplomatic corps in Serbia. Bulgaria has General Consulate in Niš. Until 2010, there was also a Consulate General of Greece.[86] Diplomatic agreements were given to five prominent citizens of Niš, who acquired the title of honorary consul. The United Kingdom, Hungary, France, Slovakia and Austria have chosen Nis as their honorary consuls, appreciating their commitment and contribution to strengthening ties and cooperation in various fields with these countries.[87]
General Consulates
Honorary Consulates
Local media
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International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Niš is twinned with the following cities, according to their City Hall website:[101]
Other forms of cooperation and city friendship
See also
References
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- ^ Ljubomirović, Irena V. "Naissus: A review of political and economic circumstances in the city from the 1st to the 5th century". Zbornik radova Filozofskog Fakulteta u Prištini – via ResearchGate.
- ^ "City of Nis". Ni.rs. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ^ "Latest news, Latest News Headlines, news articles, news video, news photos - UPI.com". Metimes.com. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
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- ISBN 9789548945691, стр. 387.
- ^ a b Mišić, Siniša, ed. (2010). Leksikon gradova i trgova srednjovekovnih srpskih zemalja — prema pisanim izvorima [Lexicon of towns and market places in the medieval Serbian lands — according to written sources]. Belgrade: Zavod. p. 188.
- ^ ISBN 9788671790406.
- ^ Geniş & Maynard 2009, p. 557
- ISBN 9781317391531.
- ^ Curtis, Matthew Cowan (2012). Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence (Thesis). The Ohio State University. p. 42. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ^ Prendergast, Eric (2017). The Origin and Spread of Locative Determiner Omission in the Balkan Linguistic Area (Thesis). UC Berkeley. p. 80.
- ^
- Vermeer, Williem (1992). The Disintegration of Yugoslavia. European Studies. Rodopi. p. 107. ISBN 978-90-5183-353-9.
- ISBN 9789027933157.
On the other hand Niš from Ναϊσσός, Štip from Ἄστιβος, Šar from Scardus, and Ohrid from Lychnidus presuppose the sound development characteristic for Albanian.
- The contemporary form of the name of ancient Naissos, an important place in Dardania which is now called Niš, is best explained with the help of the historical phonetics of the Albanian language. For more see: ISBN 9535172611.
- Hamp, Eric P. "Albanian" p. 1663 in Part 2, The study of languages, edited by Einar Haugen, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2019, pp. 1626-1692. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111684970-016
- Vermeer, Williem (1992). The Disintegration of Yugoslavia. European Studies. Rodopi. p. 107.
- ^ Vermeer 1992, p. 107.
- ^ Ismajli, Rexhep (2015). Eqrem Basha (ed.). Studime për historinë e shqipes në kontekst ballkanik [Studies on the History of Albanian in the Balkan context] (PDF) (in Albanian). Prishtinë: Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts, special editions CLII, Section of Linguistics and Literature. pp. 109, 263.
- ^ Matzinger, Joachim (2016). "Die albanische Autochthoniehypothese aus der Sicht der Sprachwissenschaft" (PDF). p. 13.
- ^ a b Matzinger, Joachim (2016). "Die albanische Autochthoniehypothese aus der Sicht der Sprachwissenschaft": "Es wird versucht, den Ortsnamen auf verschiedene Weise auch als rein slawische Entwicklung zu erklären, siehe Aleksandar LOMA [...] Das letzte Wort ist hier noch nicht gesprochen, eine Diskussion mit der historischen südslawischen Linguistik ist ein dringendes Desiderat!", p. 14
- ^ Лома, Александар (2003). "Откуде Ниш?". Ниш и Византија, зборник радова I (in Serbian): 15–21.
Образовани људи знају да је Ниш пословењен облик античког имена града Naissus (као што се Видин своди преко средњовековног облика Бдињ на антички Bononia), дакле да је посреди предсловенски топоним. (transl. Educated individuals know that Niš is a Slavicized form of the city's ancient name Naissus (just as Vidin resolves – through the medieval form Bdin – to the ancient name Bononia), and hence that is a pre-Slavic toponym.)
- ^ "Nis". Britannica.com. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ^ Petrović, Vladimir (2007). Дарданија у римским итинерарима / Dardanie dans les itinéraires romaines. SANU.
- ^ ISBN 9780859896320. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ^ "BALCANICA XXXVII" (PDF). Balkaninstitut.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
- ^ Pannonia and Upper Moesia: a history of the middle Danube provinces p.51
- JSTOR 41650264.
- ^ "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 2: Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire. Part II". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ^ Fine 1994.
- ^ Bánlaki, József (1928). A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme (The Military History of the Hungarian Nation) (in Hungarian). pp. A belgrádi hadjárat 1071-ben és a nisi hadművelet 1072-ben.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 7.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 24.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 48.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 54.
- ^ Kultur der Nationen (in German). p. 110.
- ^ "NİŞ". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 8 December 2023.
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- ^ ISBN 9780847688104.
- ^ "Engin Deniz Tanir, October 2005, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, p. 70" (PDF). Etd.lib.metu.edu.tr. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
- ^ Savić, Milan (1981). "Istoriya na bŭlgarskiy narod".
- ^ Özkan, Ayşe (January 2011). "The Expulsion of Muslims from Serbia after the International Conference in Kanlıca and Withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Serbia (1862-1867)". Akademik Bakış. 5 (9): 123–138.
- ^ S2CID 140637086. para. 6. "According to the information about the language spoken among the Muslims in the cities, we can see of which nationality they were. So, the Muslim population of Niš and Pirot consisted mostly of Turks; para. 11. "The Turks have been mostly city dwellers. It is certain, however, that part of them was of Albanian origin, because of the well-known fact that the Albanians have been very easily assimilated with Turks in the cities."; para. 23, 30, 49.
- ^ S2CID 143742189. "that the Muslim Albanians of Nish were forced to leave in 1878, and that at that time most of these Nishan Albanians migrated south into Kosovo, although some went to Skopje in Macedonia."
- ISBN 978-1438110257.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire; Gabor Agoston, Bruce Alan Masters; 2009, p. 104
- S2CID 262022722.
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- ^ Pllana, Emin (1985). "Les raisons de la manière de l'exode des refugies albanais du territoire du sandjak de Nish a Kosove (1878–1878) [The reasons for the manner of the exodus of Albanian refugees from the territory of the Sanjak of Nish to Kosovo (1878–1878)] ". Studia Albanica. 1: 189–190.
- S2CID 140637086.
Before the war, there were about 8 500 Muslims in Niš. 1 168 of them were listed in the first Serbian inventory in 1879. 797 Gypsy Muslims were probably included in that number95. According to the stated data, approximately 7 332 Muslims moved out from Niš.
- S2CID 144497487. "Prior to 1878, the Serbs comprised not more than one half of the population of Nis, the largest city in the region; by 1884 the Serbian share rose to 80 per cent."
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Bibliography
- Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-47208-260-5.
- Prendergast, Eric (2017). The Origin and Spread of Locative Determiner Omission in the Balkan Linguistic Area (Ph.D). UC Berkeley.