Nick Holonyak
Nick Holonyak | |
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diode laser and LED | |
Awards |
|
Scientific career | |
Fields | Electrical engineering |
Thesis | Effect of Surface Conditions on Characteristics of Rectifier Junctions (1954) |
Doctoral advisor | John Bardeen |
Nick Holonyak Jr. (
Early life and career
Nick Holonyak Jr. was born in
Holonyak earned his bachelor's (1950), master's (1951), and doctoral (1954) degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Holonyak was
From 1957 to 1963 he was a scientist at the General Electric Company's Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory near Syracuse, New York. Here he invented, fabricated, and demonstrated the first visible light laser diode on October 9, 1962. He grew crystals of the alloy GaAs0.60P0.40; a GaAs laser diode that worked in the infrared had recently been demonstrated by his General Electric colleague Robert N. Hall. The GaAs0.60P0.40 laser diode worked at low temperatures, but the device still functioned as a light-emitting diode at room temperature.[8] The demonstration of red light emission from the diode inspired the article "Light of Hope – or Terror" in Reader's Digest. GaAsP was the material used for the first generation of commercial LEDs that came to market a few years later.[9][10][11][12]
University of Illinois
In 1963, Holonyak became a professor at the University of Illinois.[13][14] In 1993, he was named the John Bardeen Endowed Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.[15] He investigated methods for manufacturing quantum dot lasers. He and Dr. Milton Feng ran a transistor laser research center at the university funded by $6.5 million from the United States Department of Defense through DARPA.[16] Holonyak retired in 2013.[17]
Ten of his 60 former doctoral students have developed new uses for LED technology at
Inventions
In addition to introducing the III-V alloy LED, Holonyak held 41
In 2006, the American Institute of Physics decided on the five most important papers in each of its journals since it was founded 75 years ago. Two of these five papers, in the journal Applied Physics Letters, were co-authored by Holonyak. The first one, co-authored with S. F. Bevacqua in 1962, announced the creation of the first visible-light laser diode.[8] The second, co-authored primarily with Milton Feng in 2005, announced the creation of a transistor laser that can operate at room temperatures. Holonyak predicted that his LEDs would replace the incandescent light bulb of Thomas Edison in the February 1963 issue of Reader's Digest, and as LEDs improve in quality and efficiency they are gradually replacing incandescents as the bulb of choice.[16]
Awards and honors
Holonyak was presented awards by
- 1973: Elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to development of semiconductor controlled rectifiers, light emitting diodes and diode lasers[19][20]
- 1984: Elected to the National Academy of Sciences[21]
- 1989: Georgia Institute of Technology, won this same award in 2007.[5]
- 1992: Optical Society of America[22]
- 1993: NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science[23]
- 1995: $500,000 Japan Prize for "outstanding contributions to research and practical applications of light emitting diodes and lasers"[16]
- 2001: Optical Society of America[24]
- 2003: IEEE Medal of Honor[25]
- 2005: Inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in the area of Science[26]
- June 2006: Two of Holonyak's papers were chosen by the editors of Applied Physics Letters as among the five most important published since the journal's founding in 1962.[27]
- November 9, 2007: Historical marker installed on the University of Illinois campus recognizing his development of the quantum-well laser. It is located on the Bardeen Engineering Quadrangle near where the old Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory used to stand.[28]
- 2008: Inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame (Announced February 14, 2008) (May 2–3, 2008 at Akron, Ohio)[29]
- 2015: Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering "for the invention, development, and commercialization of materials and processes for light-emitting diodes (LEDs)"[30]
- September 2018: Village of Glen Carbon, Illinois, placed an honorary street sign on behalf of Holonyak, a former resident[31]
- 2021:
Personal life
Holonyak and his wife, Katherine, were married for over 60 years. He died on September 18, 2022, in Urbana, Illinois, at the age of 93.[7]
References
- ISBN 9780986382666.
Another important step in the development of GaAsyP1–y (or simply GaAsP) LEDs occurred in 1962 when Holonyak and Bevacqua (1962) reported on the emission of coherent visible light from GaAsP p-n junctions at low temperatures (77 K) under pulsed current injection. The emission of coherent light was limited to low temperatures. At room temperature, the devices worked as LEDs and emitted incoherent visible red light. The 1962 publication is considered a milestone in the development of pn-junction LEDs made from III–V semiconductors emitting in the visible wavelength range (Holonyak, 1987).
- ^ a b "Nick Holonyak". www.aip.org. February 19, 2015. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ "Nick Holonyak". www.pbs.org. Archived from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
- ^ "Illinois Distributed Museum – Nick Holonyak, Jr". IDM Illinois Distributed Museum. IDM. Archived from the original on March 17, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "After Glow". Illinois Alumni Magazine. May–June 2007.
- ^ Von, Jon (January 25, 2003). "Nice Guys Can Finish As Geniuses at University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- ^ a b Ahlberg Touchstone, Liz (September 18, 2022). "Nick Holonyak Jr., pioneer of LED lighting, dies". University of Illinois News Bureau. Archived from the original on September 19, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ .
- ^ Manchester, Harland (February 1963). "Light of Hope – or Terror". Reader's Digest. p. 97.
The latest dramatic laser discoveries, made by General Electric, may someday make the electric light obsolete. If these plans work out, the lamp of the future may be a speck of metal the size of a pencil-point which will be practically indestructible, will never burn out, and will convert at least ten times as much current into light as does today's bulb.
- ^ "Nick Holonyak, Jr. – Biography". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- ^ Kubetz, Rick (May 4, 2012). "Nick Holonyak, Jr., six decades in pursuit of light". University of Illinois. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
- ^ a b Wolinsky, Howard (February 5, 2005). "U. of I.'s Holonyak out to take some of Edison's luster". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- ^ Damery, Jonathan (August 5, 2013). "Holonyak retires after 50 years in ECE". University of Illinois. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- ^ Grainger Engineering Office of Marketing and Communications (December 22, 2018). "Illinois faculty, former students honor Nick Holonyak legacy in celebration of his birthday | Holonyak Micro & Nanotechnology Lab | UIUC". Mntl.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "Nick Holonyak | Lemelson". Lemelson.mit.edu. November 3, 1928. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Port, Otis (May 23, 2005). "Nick Holonyak: He Saw The Lights". Business Week. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- ^ "LED inventor retires from U. of Illinois". Pjstar.com. August 7, 2013. Archived from the original on September 19, 2022.
- ^ Mercer, David (October 8, 2014). "LED Inventor Insulted, Feels Work Bypassed By Nobel". Electrical Engineering News and Products. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 19, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- diode laser.
- ^ "5 Jul 1975, Page 13 – The Edwardsville Intelligencer at". Newspapers.com. July 5, 1975. Archived from the original on September 19, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "NAS Member Profile of Nick Holonyak". Nasonline.org. June 10, 2021. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "Charles Hard Townes Award". Osa.org. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "Recipient list of NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science winners". Archived from the original on January 8, 2015.
- ^ "Frederic Ives Medal". Osa.org. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- from the original on September 19, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022 – via physicstoday.scitation.org (Atypon).
- ^ "Laureates by Year". The Lincoln Academy of Illinois. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ^ "Illinois physicists produce two most important scientific papers". phys.org. June 5, 2006.
- ^ Communications, Grainger Engineering Office of Marketing and. "Holonyak historical marker unveiled". ece.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "News | Engineering at Illinois | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign". Archived from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
- ^ Ainsworth, Susan J. (January 7, 2015). "Pioneers Of Light-Emitting Diodes Honored With 2015 Charles Stark Draper Prize". cen.acs.org. Chemical & Engineering News. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
- ^ Sommerhof, John (July 9, 2018). "Glen Carbon names first honorary street designation". Thetelegraph.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ Touchstone, Liz Ahlberg (February 2, 2021). "Nick Holonyak Jr., pioneer of LED lighting, awarded Queen Elizabeth Prize". news.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
Further reading
- Schmitt, Laura (2012). The Bright Stuff: The LED and Nick Holonyak's Fantastic Trail of Innovation. Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. OCLC 818331240.
- Holonyak, Nick; Ashrafi, Babak (March 23, 2005). "Oral history interview transcript with Nick Holonyak March 23, 2005". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on September 24, 2008.
External links
- Nick Holonyak Jr. on the Engineering and Technology History Wiki
- Nick Holonyak Jr. US National Medal of Technology, 2002.