Nickel hydrazine nitrate

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Nickel hydrazine nitrate
Names
Other names
Tris(hydrazine)nickel(II) nitrate
Trihydrazinenickel nitrate
NHN
Identifiers
Properties
H12N8NiO6
Molar mass 278.839 g·mol−1
Appearance purple solid
Boiling point explode
Explosive data
Shock sensitivity 18.82 J
Friction sensitivity 15.6906 N
Detonation velocity 3,600 m/s @ .8 g/cm3

7,000 m/s @ 1.7 g/cm3

RE factor
 1.05 @ 1.7 g/cm3
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
1
1
3
OX
219 °C (426 °F; 492 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN), (chemical formula: [Ni(N2H4)3](NO3)2 is an energetic material having explosive properties in between that of primary explosive and a secondary explosive.

coordination compound of nickel with a reaction equation of 3N2H4·H2O + Ni(NO3)2 →〔Ni(N2H4)3〕(NO3)2 ＋ 3H2O[2]

  • Properly made (talcum powder like consistency)[3]
    Properly made (talcum powder like consistency)[3]
  • Improperly made (Hard chunks, grains of sand consistency)
    Improperly made (Hard chunks, grains of sand consistency)

Preparation

NHN can be synthesized by reacting nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrazine monohydrate at 65 C.[4] To help speed the drying of the product after filtration from the hot water, it can be rinsed with alcohol. The product is a fluffy powder (density=0.9 g/cm3). To increase its bulk density to (1.2 g/cm3), dextrin in the amount of (1%) of the weight of the nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate can be added.[5]

Non-primary explosive detonator (NPED)

The sensitivity of NHN straddles the line between highly sensitive primaries and a sensitive secondary, so it can be considered a true non-primary explosive detonator (NPED).

Another benefit of NHN is that it will make the DDT (deflagration to detonation transition) in a cardboard shell, eliminating the danger of shrapnel from a metal shell.

Safety

NHN straddles the line between primary and secondary. Because of this it is a relatively safe explosive to work with having 80x less sensitivity to friction (16.0 N) than

lead azide
(0.1N) as shown in table 2.

Friction sensitivities of some traditional explosives (lead azide – 0.1N;

mercury fulminate
(white) – 5.0 N;
PETN – 60 N; RDX – 120 N; HMX – 120 N, show that NHN is not very sensitive, and is thereby not exceedingly hazardous in handling.[6]

Table 1. General and structural properties of Nickel hydrazine nitrate[1]

Molecular formula Ni H12 N8 O6
Formula weight 278.69
Color Purple Violet
Crystal density (g/cm3) 2.1
Average particle size (μm) 13
Nickel content (%) 21.16 (21.06) a
Hydrazine content (%) 34.46 (34.45) a
Nitrate content (%) 44.47 (44.49) a
Nitrogen content in coordination sphere (%) 30.25 (30.14) a
FTIR peaks, (cm−1) 3238, 1630 (NH2); 1356,1321 (-NO3)
Moisture content (at 333 K for 10 min) (%) 0.34
Average mol wt of combustion products 27.35
Percent condensable Ni (l) 18
Oxygen-fuel ratio 0.8571
Oxygen balance % -5.74

a Values in brackets are theoretical

Table 2. Comparative properties of Nickel hydrazine nitrate, lead azide and lead styphnate[1]

Property Nickel hydrazine nitrate a Lead azide b Lead styphnate
Crystal Density (g/cm3) 2.129 4.38 3.02
Oxygen balance (%) – 5.74 c – 5.50 -19.00
Heat of combustion (kJ/kg) 5225 2635 5234
Heat of formation (kJ/mol) – 449 469 -385
Heat of explosion (kJ/kg) 4390 1610 1912
Pressure output in closed vessel (100 mg in 48 cm3) (kg/cm2) 17.5 8.2 c
Onset of decomposition (K) 505.7 463 533.15
Peak of decomposition (K) 506.5 618 583.15
Friction sensitivity (kg f) 1.6 0.02 .15
Impact sensitivity (cm, 400 g wt, 20 mg sample, 50% explosion) 21 b 10.5 11
ESD sensitivity (J) 0.02 b 0.004 .0002
Vol. of detonation gases (ml/g) 884 c 308 368
Detonation temperature (K) 2342 c 5600
Detonation pressure (GPa) 20.8 c (1.7 g/cm3) 16.1 (3.0 g/cm3)
Detonation velocity (m/s) 7000 b (1.7 g/cm3) 4630 (3.0 g/cm3) 5200 (2.9 g/cm3)
RE Factor 1.05 b (1.7 g/cm3) .8 (3.0 g/cm3)

a Experimental value, b literature value, and c theoretical value

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.14429/dsj.56.1904
    .
  2. doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.11.006
    .
  3. ^ Nickel Hydrazine Nitrate (Dextrinated) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPxdDSUGxo4&t=11s
  4. PMID 12758009
    .
  5. hdl:123456789/5478
    .
  6. ^ Wojewódka, Andrzej; Bełzowski, Janusz (2011). "Hydrazynowe kompleksy metali przejściowych jako perspektywiczne materiały wybuchowe" [Hydrazine complexes of transition metals as perspective explosives]. Chemik. 65 (1): 20–27.
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