Nicomedes IV of Bithynia

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Nicomedes IV Benefactor
King of Bithynia
Reignc. 94–74 BC
PredecessorNicomedes III
SuccessorBithynia became a Roman province
IssueNysa[1]
FatherNicomedes III
MotherNysa[2] or Aristonica

Nicomedes IV Philopator (Greek: Νικομήδης Φιλοπάτωρ) was the king of Bithynia from c. 94 BC to 74 BC.[3] He was the first son and successor of Nicomedes III of Bithynia.[4]

Life

Memnon of Heraclea wrote that Nicomedes IV was the son of Nicomedes III by his wife Nysa,[5] but according to Granius Licinianus he was a son of Nicomedes III by a first wife called Aristonica, who Granius Licinianus claims died nine days after his birth. He had three half siblings, Nysa by his father's second marriage to Nysa, and a half brother named Socrates Chrestus from his father's concubine, Hagne,[6] and possibly Pylaemenes III by an unknown woman.

His reign began at the death of his father. The first few years of his kingship were relatively peaceful, but soon King

Mithridates VI of Pontus (the maternal grand-uncle of Nicomedes IV), one of Rome
's greatest enemies during the late Republic, began harassing Bithynia's borders.

Nicomedes IV's brother, Socrates Chrestus, assisted by Mithridates VI, defeated Nicomedes IV's army in 90 BC, and Nicomedes IV was forced to flee to Italy. He was restored to his throne by Manius Aquillius due to Rome's influence in the region.[7] However, Aquillius encouraged Nicomedes IV to raid Mithridates VI's territory, prompting Mithridates VI to retaliate again in 88 BC. Nicomedes IV fled once again to Rome. Mithridates invaded and conquered Bithynia and the Roman provinces of Asia starting the First Mithridatic War.[8]

The East was seen by the Romans as a province providing an abundance of gold and silver. As such, two powerful Romans,

Lucius Cornelius Sulla
aimed at a command in the region. After marching on Rome and outlawing Marius, Sulla sailed east and fought Mithridates VI on several occasions over the next three years, and finally in 85 BC, Mithridates VI sued for peace, and was allowed to retain his kingship in Pontus after paying a heavy fine.

Nicomedes IV was restored to his throne in Bithynia in 84 BC.

receiving partner in the relationship.[9]
It is unknown if a sexual relationship existed or was only a story told by his opponents, and Caesar vigorously denied its truthfulness.[10]

As one of his last acts as king of Bithynia, in 74 BC, Nicomedes IV bequeathed the entire kingdom of

Mithridates VI of Pontus had other plans for Bithynia, however, and Nicomedes IV's death and bequeathal led directly to the Third Mithridatic War
.

See also

Notes

  1. ISBN 9780674090019
    .
  2. ISBN 9781400849796
    .
  3. ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nicomedes III." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 664. (numbered as III. not IV.)
  4. ^ McGing, The foreign policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, p. 143
  5. ^ Memnon, History of Heracleia 22.5
  6. ^ Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology". p. 1218. Archived from the original on 2011-02-20. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  7. ^ Smith, p. 1197
  8. ^ J. Hind, 'Mithridates', in Cambridge Ancient History, Volume IX (1994), pp.143–4
  9. ^ Suetonius ii., 45–53
  10. ISBN 978-0-300-13919-8
    .

References
Regnal titles
Preceded by
King of Bithynia

94–74 BC 		Annexation by Roman Republic
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