Niki Lauda
Niki Lauda | |
---|---|
Born | Andreas Nikolaus Lauda 22 February 1949 Vienna, Austria |
Died | 20 May 2019 Zürich, Switzerland | (aged 70)
Spouses | Marlene Knaus
(m. 1976; div. 1991)Birgit Wetzinger (m. 2008) |
Children | 4 |
1984) | |
Wins | 25 |
Podiums | 54 |
Career points | 420.5 |
Pole positions | 24 |
Fastest laps | 24 |
First entry | 1971 Austrian Grand Prix |
First win | 1974 Spanish Grand Prix |
Last win | 1985 Dutch Grand Prix |
Last entry | 1985 Australian Grand Prix |
Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (22 February 1949 – 20 May 2019) was an Austrian racing driver and aviation entrepreneur. He was a three-time Formula One World Drivers' Champion, winning in 1975, 1977 and 1984, and is the only driver in Formula One history to have won a championship for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors.
Lauda was an aviation entrepreneur who founded and ran three airlines:
Lauda emerged as Formula One's star driver amid a
Early years in racing
Niki Lauda was born on 22 February 1949 in Vienna, Austria, to a wealthy paper manufacturing family.[3][4] His paternal grandfather was the Viennese-born industrialist Hans Lauda.[5][6]
Lauda became a racing driver despite his family's disapproval.
Lauda was quickly promoted to the Formula One team but drove for March in Formula One and Formula Two in 1972. Although the latter cars were good and Lauda's driving skills impressed March principal
Ferrari (1974–1977)
After an unsuccessful start to the 1970s, culminating in a disastrous start to the 1973 season, Ferrari regrouped completely under
The 1975 Formula One season started slowly for Lauda; after no better than a fifth-place finish in the first four races, he won four of the next five driving the new Ferrari 312T. His first World Championship was confirmed with a third-place finish at the Italian Grand Prix at Monza; Lauda's teammate Regazzoni won the race and Ferrari clinched their first Constructors' Championship in 11 years. Lauda then picked up a fifth win at the last race of the year, the United States GP at Watkins Glen. He also became the first driver to lap the Nürburgring Nordschleife in under seven minutes, which was considered a huge feat as the Nordschleife section of the Nürburgring was two miles longer than it is today. Lauda did not win the German Grand Prix from pole position there that year; after battling hard with Patrick Depailler for the lead for the first half of the race, Lauda led for the first 9 laps but suffered a puncture at the Wippermann, 9 miles into the 10th lap and was passed by Carlos Reutemann, James Hunt, Tom Pryce and Jacques Laffite; Lauda made it back to the pits with a damaged front wing and a destroyed left front tyre. The Ferrari pit changed the destroyed tyre and Lauda managed to make it to the podium in third behind Reutemann and Laffite after Hunt retired and Pryce had to slow down because of a fuel leak. Lauda was known for giving away any trophies he won to his local garage in exchange for his car to be washed and serviced.[15]
Unlike 1975 and despite tensions between Lauda and Montezemolo's successor, Daniele Audetto, Lauda dominated the start of the 1976 Formula One season, winning four of the first six races and finishing second in the other two. By the time of his fifth win of the year at the British GP, he had more than double the points of his closest challengers Jody Scheckter and James Hunt, and a second consecutive World Championship appeared a formality. It was a feat not achieved since Jack Brabham's victories in 1959 and 1960. He also looked set to win the most races in a season, a record held by the late Jim Clark since 1963.
1976 Nürburgring crash
A week before the 1976 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, even though he was the fastest driver on that circuit at the time, Lauda urged his fellow drivers to boycott the race, largely because of the 23-kilometre (14 mi) circuit's safety arrangements, citing the organisers' lack of resources to properly manage such a huge circuit, including lack of fire marshals, fire and safety equipment and safety vehicles. Formula One was quite dangerous at the time (three of the drivers that day later died in Formula One incidents: Tom Pryce in 1977; Ronnie Peterson in 1978; and Patrick Depailler in 1980), but a majority of the drivers voted against the boycott and the race went ahead.
On 1 August 1976, during the second lap at the very fast left kink before Bergwerk, Lauda was involved in an accident where his Ferrari swerved off the track, hit an embankment, burst into flames, and made contact with Brett Lunger's Surtees-Ford car. Unlike Lunger, Lauda was trapped in the wreckage. Drivers Arturo Merzario, Lunger, Guy Edwards, and Harald Ertl arrived at the scene a few moments later, but before Merzario was able to pull him from his car, Lauda suffered severe burns to his head and hands and inhaled hot toxic gases that damaged his lungs and blood.[16] In an interview with BBC Radio 5 Live, Lauda said:
There were basically two or three drivers trying to get me out of the car, but one was Arturo Merzario, the Italian guy, who also had to stop there at the scene, because I blocked the road; and he really came into the car himself, and uh, triggered my, my seatbelt loose, and then pulled me out. It was unbelievable, how he could do that, and I met him afterwards, and I said, 'How could you do it?!'. He said, 'Honestly, I do not know, but to open your seatbelt was so difficult, because you were pushing so hard against it, and when it was open, I got you out of the car like a feather...'.
— "I Was There – May 21, 2019"; "Niki Lauda speaks in 2015"[17]
As Lauda was wearing a modified helmet, it did not fit him properly; the foam had compressed and it slid off his head after the accident, leaving his face exposed to the fire.[18] Although Lauda was conscious and able to stand immediately after the accident, he later lapsed into a coma.[19] While in hospital he was given the last rites, but he survived.[20]
Lauda suffered extensive scarring from the burns to his head, losing most of his right ear as well as the hair on the right side of his head, his eyebrows, and his eyelids. He chose to limit reconstructive surgery to replacing the eyelids and restoring their functionality. After the accident he always wore a cap to cover the scars on his head. He arranged for sponsors to use the cap for advertising.
With Lauda out of the contest, Carlos Reutemann was taken on as his replacement. Ferrari boycotted the Austrian Grand Prix in protest at what they saw as preferential treatment shown towards McLaren driver James Hunt at the Spanish and British Grands Prix.
Return to racing
Lauda missed only two races, appearing at the Monza press conference six weeks after the accident with his fresh burns still bandaged. He finished fourth in the Italian GP, despite being, by his own admission, absolutely petrified. Formula One journalist Nigel Roebuck recalls seeing Lauda in the pits, peeling the blood-soaked bandages off his scarred scalp. He also had to wear a specially adapted crash helmet so as not to be in too much discomfort. In Lauda's absence, Hunt had mounted a late charge to reduce Lauda's lead in the World Championship standings. Hunt and Lauda were friends away from the circuit, and their personal on-track rivalry, while intense, was cleanly contested and fair. Following wins in the Canadian and United States Grands Prix, Hunt stood only three points behind Lauda before the final race of the season, the Japanese Grand Prix.
Lauda qualified third, one place behind Hunt, but on race day there was torrential rain, and Lauda retired after two laps. He later said that he felt it was unsafe to continue under these conditions, especially since his eyes were watering excessively because of his fire-damaged tear ducts and inability to blink. Hunt led much of the race before his tyres blistered and a pit stop dropped him down the order. He recovered to third, thus winning the title by a single point.
Lauda's previously good relationship with Ferrari was severely affected by his decision to withdraw from the Japanese Grand Prix, and he endured a difficult 1977 season, despite easily winning the championship through consistency rather than outright pace. Lauda disliked his new teammate, Reutemann, who had served as his replacement driver. Lauda was not comfortable with this move and felt he had been let down by Ferrari. "We never could stand each other, and instead of taking pressure off me, they put on even more by bringing Carlos Reutemann into the team."[21] Having announced his decision to quit Ferrari at season's end, Lauda left earlier after he won the Drivers' Championship at the United States Grand Prix because of the team's decision to run the unknown Gilles Villeneuve in a third car at the Canadian Grand Prix.
Brabham and first retirement (1978–1979)
Joining Parmalat-sponsored Brabham-Alfa Romeo in 1978 for a $1 million salary, Lauda endured two unsuccessful seasons, remembered mainly for his one race in the Brabham BT46B, a radical design known as the Fan Car: it won its first and only race at the Swedish GP, but Brabham did not use the car in Formula One again; other teams vigorously protested the fan car's legality and Brabham team owner Bernie Ecclestone, who at the time was maneuvering for acquisition of Formula One's commercial rights, did not want to fight a protracted battle over the car, but the victory in Sweden remained official. The Brabham BT46 Alfa Romeo flat-12 began the 1978 season at the third race in South Africa. It suffered from a variety of troubles that forced Lauda to retire the car 9 out of 14 races. Lauda's best results, apart from the wins in Sweden and Italy after the penalization of Mario Andretti and Gilles Villeneuve, were second in Monaco and Great Britain, and a third in the Netherlands.
The Alfa flat-12 engine was too wide for ground effect designs in that the opposed cylinder banks impeded with the venturi tunnels, so Alfa designed a V12 for 1979. It was the fourth 12-cylinder engine design that propelled the Austrian in Formula One since 1973. Lauda's 1979 Formula One season was again marred by retirements and poor pace, even though he won the non-championship 1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix with the Brabham-Alfa. In the single-make BMW M1 Procar Championship, driving for the British Formula Two team Project Four Racing (led by Ron Dennis) when not in a factory entry, Lauda won three races for P4 plus the series. Decades later, Lauda won a BMW Procar exhibition race event before the 2008 German Grand Prix.
In September, Lauda finished fourth in Monza, and won the non-WC Imola event, still with the Alfa V12 engine. After that, Brabham returned to the familiar Cosworth V8. In late September, during practice for the 1979 Canadian Grand Prix, Lauda cut short a practice session and promptly informed team principal Ecclestone, that he wished to retire immediately, as he had no more desire to "continue the silliness of driving around in circles". Lauda, who in the meantime had founded Lauda Air, a charter airline, returned to Austria to run the company full-time.[22]
McLaren comeback, third world title, and second retirement (1982–1985)
In 1982, Lauda returned to racing, for an unprecedented $3 million salary.
The 1983 season proved to be transitional for the McLaren team as they were making a change from Ford-Cosworth engines, to TAG-badged Porsche turbo engines, and Lauda did not win a race that year, with his best finish being second at Long Beach behind his teammate John Watson. Some political maneuvering by Lauda forced a furious chief designer John Barnard to design an interim car earlier than expected to get the TAG-Porsche engine some much-needed race testing; Lauda nearly won the last race of the season in South Africa.[citation needed]
Lauda won a third world championship in
Lauda had signed an initial letter of intent to leave McLaren team and join Renault for the 1985 season.[27] The agreement was not implemented and Lauda stayed with McLaren for the 1985 season.[28]
The 1985 season was a disappointment for Lauda, with eleven retirements from the fourteen races he started. He did not start the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps after crashing and breaking his wrist during practice, and he later missed the European Grand Prix at Brands Hatch; John Watson replaced him for that race. He did manage fourth at the San Marino Grand Prix, 5th at the German Grand Prix, and a single race win at the Dutch Grand Prix where he held off a fast-finishing Prost late in the race. This proved to be his last Grand Prix victory, as after announcing his impending retirement at the 1985 Austrian Grand Prix, he retired for good at the end of that season.[citation needed]
Lauda's final Formula One Grand Prix drive was the inaugural Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide, South Australia. After qualifying 16th, a steady drive saw him leading by lap 53. However, the McLaren's ceramic brakes suffered on the street circuit and he crashed out of the lead at the end of the long Brabham Straight on lap 57 when his brakes finally failed.[29] He was one of only two drivers in the race who had driven in the non-championship 1984 Australian Grand Prix, the other being 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg, who won in Adelaide in 1985 and took Lauda's place at McLaren in 1986.[citation needed]
Helmet
Lauda's helmet was originally painted plain red with his full name written on both sides and the Raiffeisen Bank logo in the chin area. He wore a modified AGV helmet in the weeks following his Nürburgring accident so as the lining would not aggravate his burned scalp too badly. In 1982, upon his return to McLaren, his helmet was white and featured the red "L" logo of Lauda Air instead of his name on both sides, complete with branding from his personal sponsor Parmalat on the top. From 1983 to 1985, the red and white were reversed to evoke memories of his earlier helmet design.[citation needed]
Later management roles
In 1993, Lauda returned to Formula One in a managerial position when Luca di Montezemolo offered him a consulting role at Ferrari. Halfway through the 2001 season, Lauda assumed the role of team principal of the Jaguar Formula One team. The team failed to improve and Lauda was made redundant, together with 70 other key figures, at the end of 2002.
In September 2012, he was appointed non-executive
Roles beyond Formula One
Lauda returned to running his airline,
He was inducted into the
Lauda is sometimes known by the nickname "the Rat", "SuperRat" or "King Rat" because of his prominent buck teeth.[38] He was associated with both Parmalat and Viessmann, sponsoring the ever-present cap he wore from 1976 to hide the severe burns he sustained in his Nürburgring accident. Lauda said in a 2009 interview with the German newspaper Die Zeit that an advertiser was paying €1.2 million for the space on his red cap.[39]
In 2005, the Austrian post office issued a stamp honouring him.[40] In 2008, American sports television network ESPN ranked him 22nd on their "top drivers of all-time" list.[41]
Niki Lauda wrote five books: The Art and Science of Grand Prix Driving (titled Formula 1: The Art and Technicalities of Grand Prix Driving in some markets) (1975); My Years With Ferrari (1978); The New Formula One: A Turbo Age (1984); Meine Story (titled To Hell and Back in some markets) (1986); Das dritte Leben (en. The third life) (1996).[42] Lauda credited Austrian journalist Herbert Volker with editing the books.
Film and television
The 1976 battle between Lauda and James Hunt was dramatized in the film Rush (2013), where Lauda was played by Daniel Brühl—a portrayal that was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for Best Supporting Actor. Lauda made a cameo appearance at the end of the film. Lauda said of Hunt's death, "When I heard he'd died age 45 of a heart attack I wasn't surprised, I was just sad." He also said that Hunt was one of the very few he liked, one of a smaller number of people he respected and the only person he had envied.[43]
Lauda appeared in an episode of Mayday titled "Niki Lauda: Testing the Limits" regarding the events of Lauda Air Flight 004, and described running an airline as more difficult than winning three Formula 1 championships.[44]
Personal life
Lauda had two sons with first wife, the Chilean-Austrian Marlene Knaus (married 1976, divorced 1991): Mathias, a racing driver, and Lukas, who acted as Mathias's manager. In 2008 he married Birgit Wetzinger, a flight attendant for his airline. In 2005, she donated a kidney to Lauda after the kidney he had received from his brother in 1997 failed.[45][46] In September 2009, Birgit gave birth to twins.[citation needed]
Lauda spoke fluent German, English and Italian.[47]
Lauda came from a Roman Catholic family. In an interview with Zeit he stated that he left the church for a time to avoid paying church taxes, but went back when he had his two children baptised.[48]
Death and legacy
On 20 May 2019, Lauda died in his sleep, aged 70, at the University Hospital of Zürich, where he had been undergoing dialysis treatment for kidney problems. He had experienced a period of ill health, exacerbated by his lung injuries from the 1976 accident. He had undergone a double lung transplant the previous year, in addition to two kidney transplants in years previous.[49][50] A statement issued on behalf of his family reported that he had died peacefully, surrounded by family members.[51]
Various current and former drivers and teams paid tributes on social media and during the Wednesday press conference session before the 2019 Monaco Grand Prix.[52] A moment of silence was held before the race. Throughout the weekend, fans and drivers were encouraged to wear red caps in his honour, with the Mercedes team painting their halo device red with a sticker stating "Niki we miss you" instead of their usual silver scheme.[53] His funeral, at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, was attended by many prominent Formula One figures (including Gerhard Berger, Jackie Stewart, Alain Prost, Nelson Piquet, Jean Alesi, Sebastian Vettel, Lewis Hamilton, David Coulthard, Nico Rosberg, Valtteri Bottas, René and Hans Binder and René Rast), Arnold Schwarzenegger and many Austrian politicians, including Alexander Van der Bellen.[54] Lauda asked to be buried wearing his Ferrari racing suit from 1974 to 1977.[55] He was buried in Heiligenstädter Friedhof.
The Haas VF-19's mini shark fin section of the engine cover (the top) was painted red with Lauda's name and his years of birth and death. Both Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel wore special helmets in remembrance.[56]
Lauda is widely considered to be one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time.[57]
Racing record
Career summary
Season | Series | Team | Races | Wins | Poles | F/Laps | Podiums | Points | Position |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | World Sportscar Championship | Bosch Wien | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NC |
Interserie | Bosch Racing Team | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 15th | |
1971 | European Formula Two | March Engineering | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 10th |
Formula One | STP March Racing Team | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC | |
1972 | European Formula Two | March Engineering | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 25 | 5th |
Formula One | STP March Racing Team | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC | |
British Formula Two | March Engineering | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 31 | 1st | |
1973 | Formula One | Marlboro-BRM
|
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 18th |
European Touring Car Championship | BMW Alpina | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 7th | |
World Sportscar Championship
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC | ||
1974 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 15 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 38 | 4th |
World Sportscar Championship | Ford Köln | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC | |
1975 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 14 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 8 | 64.5 | 1st |
1976 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 14 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 68 | 2nd |
1977 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 14 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 72 | 1st |
1978 | Formula One | Parmalat Racing Team | 16 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 44 | 4th |
1979 | Formula One | Parmalat Racing Team | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14th |
BMW M1 Procar Championship | Project Four Racing | 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 78 | 1st | |
1982 | Formula One | Marlboro McLaren International
|
14 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 30 | 5th |
1983 | Formula One | Marlboro McLaren International
|
15 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 10th |
1984 | Formula One | Marlboro McLaren International
|
16 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 72 | 1st |
1985 | Formula One | Marlboro McLaren International
|
14 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 10th |
Complete European Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | Pos. | Pts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1971 | March Engineering | March 712M | Cosworth FVA | HOC Ret |
THR 10 |
NÜR 6 |
JAR 7 |
PAL DNQ |
ROU 4 |
MAN Ret |
TUL Ret |
ALB Ret |
VAL 7 |
VAL
|
10th | 8 | |||
1972 | March Engineering | March 722 | Ford BDA | MAL 2 |
THR 3 |
HOC Ret |
PAU Ret |
PAL DNQ |
HOC Ret |
ROU Ret |
ÖST Ret |
IMO 3 |
MAN Ret |
PER | SAL 6 |
ALB | HOC 9 |
5th | 25 |
Source:[58]
|
Complete British Formula Two results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Pos. | Pts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1972 | March Engineering | March 722 | Ford BDA | MAL 2 |
OUL 1 |
THR 3 |
CRY | OUL 2 |
1st | 31 |
Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula One non-championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1972 | STP March Racing Team | March 721 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | ROC | BRA | INT | OUL | REP DNS |
VIC |
1973 | Marlboro-BRM
|
BRM P160D
|
BRM P142 3.0 V12
|
ROC Ret |
INT 5 |
||||
1974 | Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC | Ferrari 312B3 | F12
|
PRE
|
ROC 2 |
INT | |||
1975 | Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC | Ferrari 312T | F12
|
ROC | INT 1 |
SUI | |||
1976 | Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC | Ferrari 312T2 | F12
|
ROC Ret |
INT | ||||
1978 | Parmalat Racing Team | Brabham BT45C | F12
|
INT DNS |
|||||
1979 | Parmalat Racing Team | Brabham BT48 | Alfa Romeo 1260 3.0 V12 | ROC 5 |
GNM | DIN 1 |
|||
Source:[58]
|
Complete BMW M1 Procar Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | DC | Pts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | BMW Motorsport | ZOL Ret |
MCO 1 |
DIJ 8 |
SIL 1 |
HOC 1 |
ÖST Ret |
ZAN Ret |
MNZ 2 |
1st | 78 |
Other race results
- Nürburgring 24 Hours: 1st,1973
- 1000 km of Spa Francorchamps: 1st,1973
- 4 hours of Monza: 1st,1973
- 4 hours of Zandvoort: 1st,1974, 3rd,1972
- Diepholz SRP/GT: 1st,1970
- 6 hours of Nurbugring: 2nd,1971
- 9 hours of Kyalami: 3rd,1972
- Taurenpokal Salzburgring: 1st,1971
Books
- Lauda, Niki. Technik und Praxis des Grand-Prix-Sports (in German). Stuttgart; Vienna: Stuttgart Motorbuch-Verlag; Orac.
- Lauda, Niki (1977). The Art and Science of Grand Prix Driving (a.k.a. Formula 1: The Art and Technicalities of Grand Prix Driving). David Irving (trans.). Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International. OCLC 483675371.
- Lauda, Niki (1977). The Art and Science of Grand Prix Driving (a.k.a. Formula 1: The Art and Technicalities of Grand Prix Driving). David Irving (trans.). Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International.
- Lauda, Niki (1977). Protokoll: meine Jahre mit Ferrari. Stuttgard; Vienna: Stuttgart Motorbuch-Verlag; Orac. OCLC 3869352.
- Lauda, Niki (1978). My Years with Ferrari. Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International. OCLC 3842607. AKA For the Record: My Years with Ferrari (British edition).
- Lauda, Niki (1978). My Years with Ferrari. Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International.
- Lauda, Niki (1982). Die neue Formel 1. Stuttgard; Vienna: Stuttgart Motorbuch-Verlag; Orac. OCLC 1072406853.
- Lauda, Niki (1984). The New Formula One: A Turbo Age. Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International. OCLC 10456956.
- Lauda, Niki (1984). The New Formula One: A Turbo Age. Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International.
- Lauda, Niki; Völker, Herbert (1985). Niki Lauda: Meine Story. Stuttgard; Vienna: Stuttgart Motorbuch-Verlag; Orac. OCLC 38110109.
- Lauda, Niki; Völker, Herbert (1986). To Hell and Back: An Autobiography. E. J. Crockett (trans.). London: Stanley Paul. OCLC 476752274.
- Lauda, Niki; Völker, Herbert (1986). To Hell and Back: An Autobiography. E. J. Crockett (trans.). London: Stanley Paul.
- Lauda, Niki (1996). Das dritte Leben. Munich: Heyne. OCLC 40286522.
See also
References
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- ^ Daily Express pp. 1, 8 & 16 Battle for Lauda's Life Monday 2 August 1976 "Heroes pull world champion from race wreck."
- ^ "Niki Lauda – Facts, Biography, & Crash". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ Moulson, Geir. "Three-time F1 champ, aviation entrepreneur Niki Lauda passes away at 70". Spin.ph. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ "Lauda, Hans". www.aeiou.at (in German). Archived from the original on 11 October 1999. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
- ^ "Sportreport.at – Hall of Fame – die Besten der Besten". www.die-namenlosen.at (in German). Retrieved 16 May 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Niki Lauda has sadly passed away". Top Gear. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ^ "Obituary: Niki Lauda, 1949-2019". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ^ "Niki Lauda passes away: All you need to know about the Austrian Formula One legend who defied death on the tracks". First Post. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ^ "Obituary: Niki Lauda, three-times F1 World Champion who recovered from horrific accident". Herald Scotland. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ^ "Vale: Niki Lauda". Auto Action. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- ^ "That was the power and the persuasiveness that Niki Lauda had". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ^ Was sind überhaupt Freunde?. Archived 15 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. 9. Juli 2010.
- ^ Argentine Grand Prix, Eric della Faille Photograph Collection, Revs Institute, Revs Digital Library. Archived 28 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Gerald Donaldson. "Formula One Drivers Hall of Fame – Nikki Lauda". Formula One web site. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- OCLC 757931377.
- ^ "BBC Radio 5 live – In Short – 'I was there': Niki Lauda Grand Prix crash, 1976". BBC. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-9565656-9-3, p. 163.
- ISBN 0-85429-380-9.
- ^ "Lauda 'upset' with Priest for giving him last rites". BBC. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-9565656-9-3, p. 187
- ^ a b Benson, Andrew (21 May 2019). "Niki Lauda obituary: 'A remarkable life lived in Technicolour'". BBC. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ISBN 978-1-8460-5540-9, p. 79ff
- ^ Austrian Grand Prix, John Blakemore Photograph Collection, Revs Institute, Revs Digital Library. Archived 28 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-1-8460-5540-9, p. 153
- ^ Portuguese Grand Prix, John Blakemore Photograph Collection, Revs Institute, Revs Digital Library. Archived 28 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-0091642402.
- ^ "McLaren pays tribute to Niki Lauda". www.mclaren.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ Robinson, Peter (21 May 2019). "Niki Lauda: Walking away". WhichCar. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ "Lauda to join Mercedes in advisory role". GPUpdate.net. 28 September 2012. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ^ "Hamilton recalls first meetings with Lauda before Mercedes move". www.motorsport.com. 20 May 2020. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- ISBN 0-340-83471-4.
- ^ "Niki Lauda has renamed Amira Air LaudaMotion". austrianwings.info. 10 February 2016. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ "Airline Niki goes to founder Niki Lauda". dw.com. 23 January 2018. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ Clark, Andrew (6 November 2004). "Interview: Niki Lauda, aviation chief". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
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External links
- Media related to Niki Lauda at Wikimedia Commons
- Niki Lauda at Find a Grave