Niklaus Manuel Deutsch
Niklaus Manuel Deutsch (Niklaus Manuel, c. 1484 – 28 April 1530), of
Biography
Niklaus was most likely the son of Emanuel Aleman (or Alleman), a pharmacist whose own father had immigrated from Chieri in Piedmont, and his wife Margaretha Fricker (or Frikart), an illegitimate daughter of Bernese city scribe Thüring Fricker. He used "Manuel", the given name of his father, as his surname and used "Deutsch", as the German equivalent of the surname Alleman, as an additional appellation, signing his works with the initials NMD.
He is first recorded in 1509, when he married Katharina Frisching, daughter of Hans Frisching, a former Bernese
In 1514, he bought the house at Gerechtigkeitsgasse 72 which remained in possession of the Manuel family until the 17th century. In 1516, he entered
In 1522 he once again entered service with Albrecht von Stein in a campaign in Lombardy, and was wounded at Novara. He also participated in the Battle of Bicocca of 27 April. He composed a satirical song against the German Landsknechts who defeated the Swiss mercenaries in this battle.
After the 1522 campaign, he was also harshly critical of the Holy See, specifically the late Pope Leo X and his militaristic policy in the Italian Wars. In the years that followed, he was a strong supporter of the
In 1523, he was given the office of Bernese
Artistic works
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Swiss mercenary, with a scene of the assault on Castellazzo (1513/4)
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Swiss mercenary (1513/4)
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Allegory on mercenary service
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Beheading of John the Baptist (1513/4)
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1649 copy of Niklaus Manuel's self-portrait in the lost dance macabre of the Dominican cemetery in Bern (1516/7)
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The NMD initials with Swiss degen, signature of his ornamental painting of ceiling of the choir in Bern Minster (1516/7)
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Beheading of John the Baptist (1517)
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The Judgement of Paris (1517/8)
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Allegory of Death (drawing)
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Demons Tormenting Antonius (1520)
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Self portrait (1520)
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Lucretia (1517)
Literary works
- ?1510, with Thomas Murner, Ein schon bewerts lied von der reynen unbefleckten entpfengnüß Marie ("Song of the Immaculate Conception")[3]
- 1522, Ein Traum (poem, on the disastrous involvement of the Holy See (the recently deceased "warrior pope" Leo X) in the Italian Wars)
- 1522?, Nüw lied vnd verantwortung deß Sturms halb beschähn zu Pigogga ("New song and account of the attack at Biccoca", printed after 1525)
- 1522, Underscheyd zwischen dem Bapst und Christum Jhesum (drama, "Difference between the Pope and Jesus Christ")
- 1522/3, vom Babst und seiner priesterschafft (drama, "on the Pope and his priesthood")
- 1523, Die Totenfresser ("Eaters of the Dead")[4]
- 1525, Der Ablaßkrämer (drama, "The seller of indulgences")
- 1526, Das Barbeli (dramatic dialogue, against monastery life)[6]
- 1526, Fabers und Eggen Badenfahrt (dialogue, "Conference of Baden")[5]
- 1528, Krankheit und Testament der Messe (satire, "Sickness and testament of the holy mass")[6]
The play Elsli Tragdenknaben (von dem Elszlin trag den knaben und von Uly Rechenzan, mit irem eelichen Gerichtshandel), printed in 1530, has been ascribed to Niklaus Manuel, but the attribution is probably spurious.[7]
References
- ^ The Concise Grove Dictionary of Art, Oxford University Press, Inc
- ^ Des Venners der Stadt Bern Niklaus Manuel Fasnachtsspiele, Bern (1836).[1]
- ^ Bayerische Staatsbibliothek [2], see Gottlieb Emauel von Haller, Bibliothek der Schweizer-Geschichte ( 1785-1788), vol. 3, 35-64.
- ^ Ferdinand Vetter (ed.) Die Totenfresser (1923)
- ^ Karl Goedeke, Grundrisz zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung vol. 1 (1862), p. 300. 1546(?) print: Newe Zeittung. Von Bäpstlicher, vermainten heyligen Meß, fröliche Badenfart. Darin sie wider grün zuwerden verhofft, aber onuersehens auß ihr ein tödtliches wasser geschwitzt, darauff kläglich vnd jämerlich gestorben [3]
- ^ Ejn klegliche Botschafft dem Bapst zukomen, antreffend des gantzen Bapstumbs Weydung, nit des viechs, sonder des zartten völcklins, vnd was syn heydischheyt darzu geantwurt vnd than hatt Bayerische Staatsbibliothek[4]
- ^ Vetter (1923), p. 133.
- Gäbler, Ulrich (1986), Huldrych Zwingli: His Life and Work, Philadelphia: ISBN 0-8006-0761-9.
- Cäsar Menz, Hugo Wagner (red.): Niklaus Manuel Deutsch. Maler, Dichter, Staatsmann. Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern 1979.
- Gisi, Lucas Marco: Niklaus Manuel und der Berner Bildersturm. In: Peter Blickle, André Holenstein, Heinrich Richard Schmidt, Franz-Josef Sladeczek (Hg.): Macht und Ohnmacht der Bilder. Reformatorischer Bildersturm im Kontext der europäischen Geschichte. Oldenbourg, München 2002 (Historische Zeitschrift, Beihefte; 33), S. 143–163.