Nikolai Kuznetsov (engineer)

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Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov
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Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov
Born
Николай Дмитриевич Кузнецов

(1911-06-23)23 June 1911
Aktyubinsk, Russian Empire
Died30 July 1995(1995-07-30) (aged 84)
NationalityRussian
Occupation(s)Chief Designer, General Designer of OKB-276(1949–1994)
Known forAircraft and Rocket Engine designs
Signature

Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov was a Chief Designer of the Soviet Design Bureau OKB-276 which deals with the development, manufacture and distribution of equipment, especially aircraft engines, turbines and gearboxes.

Biography

Kuznetsov started his career as a professional coppersmith and he began working as a mechanic. In 1930 graduated from the school and enrolled at the Moscow Aviation College where he studied part-time and worked as a mechanic. In 1933 he joined the Aircraft Faculty in the

Prof. Nikolai Jegorowitsch Schukowski - then the head of the department for aircraft engines research. Kuznetsov received a degree with honors in November 1938.[1]

The topic of his diploma there was on motors: four-carburettor, 28-cylinder with a 4-star air-cooled power of 1500 hp at 3400 rpm and at an altitude of 6000 meters with two-high-speed driven centrifugal blowers.[2]

In April 1939, Kuznetsov became a member of Communist Party organization of the academy and was elected a faculty. On 4 April 1941 he successfully defended his thesis on the structural integrity of aircraft engines while under NKVD interrogation. In the period from July to September 1942 he trained under a senior engineer of 239 fighter division 6th air force who met George Malenkov and praised the ability of Kuznetsov and subsequently sent his deputy to become a Designer at the Ufa Aviation Plant.[citation needed]

Here Kuznetsov worked from 1943 to 1949 first under the leadership of

Samara) which was headed by the State union pilot plant number 2 on the development and manufacture of advanced jet engines now known as Kuznetsov Design Bureau. There he worked with Sergei Korolev, the famous Soviet rocket designer under NKVD supervision and control. [citation needed
]

Contributions

After

Jumo 004 and BMW 003 engines they brought along the design documents and plans of Jumo 022 project.[citation needed
]

In 1949, Kuznetsov was appointed as chief designer of jet engines at OKB-276 ("Experimental design bureau-276") and started developing turboprop designs further with the help of the German specialists being held in NKVD custody. [citation needed]

It proved to be a successful engine and was completed in 1955. The new turboprop engine, named

Ekranoplane and the Tupolev Tu-95 strategic bomber among others. The later models produced around 15,000 kW.[3]

In 1954, he began work on a two-flow jet engine with afterburner, called the Kuznetsov

NK-6, which was never completed.[citation needed
]

In 1957, he received the Order of

Hero of Socialist Labor for his contributions.[citation needed
]

From 1959 onwards, he was also involved in the development of engines for the projected Soviet

NK-43). Ultimately, these designs were successful but arrived too late. By the time the bugs in this very advanced design were rectified, the N1 rocket program had been cancelled.[4][5] Several stockpiled NK-33 engines were refurbished and modified by Aerojet and used for the Orbital Sciences Antares.[6]

In the 1960s he developed aircraft engines specifically for the world's first supersonic transport aircraft to fly Tupolev Tu-144, the Kuznetsov NK-144 turbofan. This was however inefficient and replaced by the Kolesov RD-36.[citation needed]

Based on these design experiences, the engine Kuznetsov

NK-321 (also known as NK-32-1) was developed later for the supersonic, variable-geometry heavy bomber Tupolev Tu-160, which is also in the more powerful version of the Tupolev Tu-144 (version Tu-144LL).[citation needed
]

In the late 1980s OKB- 267 began the development of the fuel sipping Turbo Fan Engine Kuznetsov

NK-93, which has a by-pass ratio of almost 17:1 and thus an engine of a unique design in the world.[citation needed
]

Awards

See also

References

  1. ^ "Кузнецов Николай Дмитриевич". www.warheroes.ru. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Данильченко В.П. Человек, который опережал своё время - Самарский университет". www.ssau.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  3. ISBN 9780262661812
    .
  4. ^ "Kuznetsov". astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2002. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  5. MIT
    . Accessed: 4 October 2011.
  6. ^ Clark, Stephen (15 March 2010). "Aerojet confirms Russian engine is ready for duty". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2010.

Further reading

External links

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