Nikolay Chkheidze
Nikoloz Chkheidze | |
|---|---|
| ნიკოლოზ ჩხეიძე ( Transcaucasian Sejm | |
| In office February 23, 1918 – May 26, 1918 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Parliamentary President of Georgia (National Council, Constitutional Assembly, Parliament) | |
| In office May 26, 1918 – March 16, 1921 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 21 March 1864 Social Democratic Labour Party of Georgia |
| Signature | .svg) |
Nikoloz Chkheidze (
Transcaucasian Sejm (February 1918 to May 1918), and he held office in the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (April–May 1918). Later he became president of parliamentary assemblies of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, National Council, Constituent Assembly and Parliament (May 1918 to March 1921).[1]
Early life and family
Chkheidze was born to an aristocratic family in
Kutais Governorate (in the present-day Zestafoni Municipality of the Imereti province of Georgia). From his marriage with Alexandra Taganova (X-1943), he will have four children including a daughter who will accompany him in exile.[2]
Political career
In 1892, Chkheidze, together with Egnate Ninoshvili, Silibistro Jibladze, Noe Zhordania and Kalenike Chkheidze (his brother), became a founder of the first Georgian Social-Democratic group, Mesame Dasi (the third team).
Russia
From 1907 to 1917, Chkheidze was a member of
Grand Orient of Russia’s Peoples.[3]
In 1917, the year of the Russian Revolution, Chkheidze became Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. He failed to prevent the rise of Bolshevism and refused a post in the Russian Provisional Government. However, he did support its policies and advocated revolutionary oboronchestvo (defencism). He also voted to continue the war against the German Empire.[4][5]
Transcaucasia
In October 1917, the
Tiflis. Some months later the federation was dissolved.[6]
Democratic Republic of Georgia
On 26 May 1918, the Act of Independence of Georgia was adopted, Chkheidze was elected chairman of the
Versailles Conference, he tried to gain the Entente's support for the Democratic Republic of Georgia. He also proposed to Georges Clemenceau and to David Lloyd George a French or British protectorate for Georgian foreign affairs and defense, but was unsuccessful.[7] Chkheidze, who had 14 years of parliamentary life experience, oversaw the writing of the Constitution by Razhden Arsenidze
and 14 other MPs of the majority and the opposition.
France
In March 1921, when the
Social Democratic Labour Party of Georgia in exile, Chkheidze opposed a national uprising in Georgia. Chkheidze, Irakly Tsereteli, Datiko Sharashidze, and Kale Kavtaradze formed a group called Oppozitsia. In their mind, the Red Army and Cheka were too strong, and the unarmed Georgian people too weak. After the August Uprising of 1924, 10,000 Georgians were executed, and between 50,000 and 100,000 Georgians were deported to Siberia
or to Central Asia.
Death
On 13 June 1926, Chkheidze died by suicide, in his official residence in Leuville-sur-Orge, France. He was buried in Paris, in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.[9]
References
- ^ "Nikolay Semyonovich Chkheidze". Encyclopedia Britannica..
- ^ "Russie, Géorgie et France : Véronique Chéidzé (1909-1986), fille du 1er président de Parlement géorgien". Colisée (in French). 29 November 2013..
- ISSN 0001-6829. Retrieved 25 October 2017..
- ^ "Nicolas Chkheidze". Project 1917..
- ^ "Russian Revolution (1917). The Georgian deputy Nicholas Cheidze, executive president of the workers deputies and soldier". Alamy..
- ^ "Géorgie, Russie et France : Nicolas Chéidzé (1864-1926), homme d'État russe et géorgien". Colisée (in French). 9 January 2014..
- ^ "Hidden Story of the Georgian Hero". Georgia Today. 12 March 2019..
- ^ "1ère République en exil". Colisée (in French)..
- ^ "Membres du gouvernement et chefs de file de l'opposition aux obsèques de Nicolas Tcheidze". Samchoblo (in French)..
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-0-14-024364-2
- ISBN 978-0-67-401902-7
- ISBN 978-0-95-600040-8
- ISBN 978-0-25-320661-9
- Rabinowitch, Alexander (1976), The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd, New York City: W.W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-7453-2269-7
- Rabinowitch, Alexander (2007), The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-25-334943-9
- ISBN 978-1-78-023030-6
- ISBN 978-0-25-320915-3
External links
- (in Russian) Чхеидзе, Николай Семенович Hronos.km.ru.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nikolay Chkheidze.
Leaders of Georgia since 1918 | |
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| Democratic Republic of Georgia Prime Minister | .svg) |
| Georgian SSR Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee | |
| Georgian SSR First Secretaries of Georgian Communist Party | .svg) |
| Modern Georgia Presidents | .svg)  |
| Elections | |
* Acting head of state | |
| International | |
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