Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt

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Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1292 BC–
Ancient Egyptian Religion
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Pharaoh 
• c. 1292 - 1290 BC
Ramesses I (first)
• c. 1279 - 1213 BC
Ramesses II (most well-known)
• c. 1191 - 1189 BC
Twosret (last)
Historical eraBronze Age
• Established
1292 BC
• Disestablished
1189 BC
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt

The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid dynasty,[1] is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne.

History

Background

The warrior kings of the early 18th Dynasty had encountered only little resistance from neighbouring kingdoms, allowing them to expand their realm of influence easily, but the international situation had changed radically towards the end of the dynasty. The Hittites had gradually extended their influence into Syria and Canaan to become a major power in international politics, a power that both Seti I and his son Ramesses II would confront in the future.

19th Dynasty

Seti I and Ramesses II

Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt
All years are
BC
Early
Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty I c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty II 2890–2686
Old Kingdom
Third Dynasty III 2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty IV 2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty V 2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty VI 2345–2181
First Intermediate
Seventh Dynasty VII spurious
Eighth Dynasty VIII 2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty IX 2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty X 2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty XI 2134–2061
Middle Kingdom
Late Eleventh Dynasty XI 2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty XII 1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty XIII 1803–1649
Second Intermediate
Fourteenth Dynasty XIV 1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) XV 1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty XVI 1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty 1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty XVII 1580–1549
New Kingdom
Eighteenth Dynasty XVIII 1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty XIX 1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty XX 1189–1077
Third Intermediate
Twenty-first Dynasty XXI 1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty XXII 945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty XXIII 837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty XXIV 732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian) XXV 732–653
Late Period
Twenty-sixth Dynasty XXVI 672–525
XXVII 525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty XXVIII 404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty XXIX 398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty XXX 380–343
XXXI 343–332
Thirty-third Dynasty
 XXXIII 305–30
Roman Egypt
XXXIV 30 BC – 313 AD

The New Kingdom of Egypt reached the zenith of its power under Seti I and Ramesses II ("The Great"), who campaigned vigorously against the

Hattusili III, and with that act Egypt-Hittite relations improved significantly. Ramesses II even married two Hittite princesses, the first after his second Sed Festival
.

Merneptah and successors

Main article: End of the 19th Dynasty

This dynasty declined as infighting for the throne between the heirs of

20th Dynasty
.

Pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty

Main article: Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree

The pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty ruled for approximately 110 years: from c. 1292 to 1187 BC. Many of the pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes (designated KV). More information can be found on the Theban Mapping Project website.[4]

Dynasty XIX Kings of Egypt
Pharaoh Image Prenomen (throne name) Horus-name Reign Burial Consort(s) / Spouse(s)
Ramesses I Menpehtyre Kanakhtwadjnesyt 1292–1290 BC KV16
Sitre
Seti I Menmaatre Kanakhtkhaem Wasetsankhtawy 1290–1279 BC[5]
KV17
(Mut-)Tuya
Ramesses II Usermaatre Setepenre Kanakhtmeryre 1279–1213 BC KV7 Nefertari
Isetnofret
Maathorneferure
Meritamen
Bintanath
Nebettawy
Henutmire
Merneptah Baenre Merynetjeru Kanakhthaemmaat 1213–1203 BC KV8 Isetnofret II
Takhat?
Seti II Userkheperure Setepenre Kanakhtwerpehty 1203–1197 BC KV15 Takhat?
Twosret?
Tiaa
Amenmesse Menmire Setepenre Kanakhtmery Maatsementawy 1201–1198 BC KV10 Tiye or Tiy?[citation needed]
Siptah Sekhaienre Meryamun (originally)
Akhenre Setepenre (later)		 Kanakhtmeryhapy Sankhtanebemkaef 1197–1191 BC KV47 Unknown
Twosret Sitre Meryamun Kanakhtmerymaat 1191–1189 BC KV14 Seti II?

Timeline of the 19th Dynasty

TwosretSiptahSeti IIAmenmesseMerneptahRamesses IISeti IRamesses I

Gallery of images

  • Seti I
    Seti I
  • Ramesses II
    Ramesses II
  • Twosret
    Twosret
  • Shabti of Siptah
    Shabti of Siptah
  • Chancellor Bay
    Chancellor Bay
  • Seti II
    Seti II

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Rise of the Ramessides: How a Military Family from the Nile Delta Founded One of Egypt's Most Celebrated Dynasties". www.arce.org. Retrieved 2021-09-20.
  2. ^ N. Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), pp. 256f.
  3. ^ Grimal, p. 270
  4. ^ "Sites in the Valley of the Kings". Thebanmappingproject.com. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  5. ^ J. von Beckerath (1997) (in German). Chronologie des Äegyptischen Pharaonischen. Phillip von Zabern. p. 190
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