Nizzanim culture

The Nizzanim culture is a suggested

Shmuel Yeivin, and Yosef Garfinkel. In those sites, there were no architectural remains but pits and floor levels with hearths. These findings seem to represent a pastoral-nomadic population, similar to the precedeeing population of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Ashkelon and the Qatifian culture.^[1] Garfinkel suggests that these settlement served as seasonal hunting or fishing campsites.^[2]

Name and location

The type-site is named after the nearby Kibbutz Nitzanim, built in an area of coastal dunes. Kibbutz Zikim is further down the coast from Nitzanim. Giv'at Haparsa is a site right next to the beach, between Yavne-Yam and Ashdod. The different spelling between the names of modern towns and the corresponding archaeological sites is a common occurrence in Israeli archaeology.

Controversy

Existence

While Garfinkel suggests that the Nizzanim culture coexisted with the Yarmukian and Lodian cultures, Avi Gopher and Ram Gophna reject the sites as a distinct culture and consider their artifacts to represent a variant of the Lodian culture.^[2]

Dating

The dating of the Nizzanim culture is unclear mainly because no

Pottery Neolithic (c. 6400 - 5800 BCE).^[2]

Artifacts

The pottery of the Nizzanim culture is characterized by simple and rough designs with very little decorations. This type of pottery is considered very simple in comparison to other Neolithic pottery assemblages, including those of the nearby Yarmukian and Lodian cultures.^[2]

The flint tool types are similar to the types of the preceding Pre-Pottery Neolithic tools, with a large number of arrowheads, sickle blades, and hole punchers, while hand axes are relatively scarce.^[1]

References

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JSTOR 26747746
.

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JSTOR 26524910
.

[:1-1] 
JSTOR 26747746
.

[:0-2] 
JSTOR 26524910
.

[1]

[2]