No. 16 Squadron RAF
53°01′39″N 0°28′40″W / 53.02743°N 0.47773°W
No. 16 Squadron RAF | |
---|---|
Latin for 'Hidden things are revealed')[2] | |
Battle honours |
|
Insignia | |
Squadron badge heraldry | Two keys in Grob Tutor T1 |
Number 16 Squadron Royal Air Force, nicknamed 'the Saints', is a
It originally formed as a
History
Early years
The
In September 1915, Duncan Grinnell-Milne joined the squadron as a junior pilot, and later (1933) published an account of his time in the squadron. His portrait of Dowding (who when the book was originally published had not then attained his later fame) is unflattering.[4]
The squadron was reformed at
Second World War
In May 1938, the Westland Lysander arrived,[9] and the Squadron continued in its tactical role in wartime France from April 1940.[10] In May 1940, it returned to England and conducted roving sea patrols searching for both downed aircrew and enemy forces.[11]
From April
Cold War (1946–1991)
No. 16 Squadron was disbanded at
As East-West relations cooled, the Squadron reformed at
The Canberra gave way to the Buccaneer S.2B on 16 October 1972 . The squadron's twelve Buccaneers were equipped with a variety of conventional weapons and eighteen British WE.177 nuclear bombs.[13] Although Buccaneers could carry two WE.177 weapons, after taking into account attrition in the conventional phase of a high-intensity European war, and after withholding some aircraft in reserve, RAF planners expected that squadron strength remaining would still be sufficient to deliver the nuclear weapons stockpile. The Buccaneer distinguished itself in many bombing exercises; among its victories included the winning of the Salmond Trophy in 1978 and 1979.[14]
The squadron briefly expanded in 1983-1984, absorbing some aircraft and personnel from its sister 15 Squadron which had converted to the Panavia Tornado GR1. 16 Squadron followed in late 1984 following the 'designate' process where a new 16 Squadron 'formed up' at RAF Honington, before moving to Laarbruch and assuming the squadron standard from the Buccaneer unit which had continued to operate throughout. Despite the change of aircraft, the squadron's role remained unchanged in countering a Soviet threat in Europe with conventional weapons and eighteen WE.177 nuclear bombs. As with the Buccaneer, there was a ratio of 1.5 weapons per aircraft.[15]
Ahead of
Following hostilities, the Squadron disbanded on 11 September 1991[17]
.SEPECAT Jaguar (1991–2005)
On 1 November 1991
, the Squadron reformed atAlthough a non-operational squadron, its pilots were still involved in
In December 2003, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced with the Delivering Security in a Changing World defence review, RAF Coltishall would close in 2007, and the recently upgraded Jaguar fleet would be retired early.[22] This led to the disbandment of No. 16 Squadron on 11 March 2005 as the Jaguar approached retirement.[23] The Squadron Standard[24] was laid up in Notre-Dame Cathedral Saint-Omer, France on 20 March 2005.[25]
Elementary flying training (2008–present)
On 1 October 2008
, the Squadron was reformed atIn the first half of 2015, No. 16(R) Squadron, along with No. 115(R) Squadron relocated to RAF Wittering, Cambridgeshire, which saw flying return to the base for the first time since 2010.[34]
Aircraft operated
Aircraft operated included:
date from | date to | manufacturer |
aircraft model |
---|---|---|---|
February 1915 | March 1915 | Royal Aircraft Factory |
R.E.5 |
February 1915 | March 1915 | Vickers | F.B.5
|
February 1915 | March 1915 | Blériot | XI
|
February 1915 | May 1915 | Martinsyde | S.1 |
March 1915 | May 1915 | Voisin | III |
March 1915 | May 1917 | Royal Aircraft Factory |
B.E.2c
|
May 1915 | November 1917 | Farman Aviation Works | S.11
|
March 1915 | December 1919 | Royal Aircraft Factory |
R.E.8 |
1924 | 1931 | Bristol Aeroplane Company | F.2 Fighter |
1931 | 1934 | Armstrong Whitworth | Atlas |
1934 | 1938 | Hawker | Audax |
1938 | 1942 | Westland | Lysander |
1942 | 1944 | North American Aviation | Mustang |
1944 | 1946 | Supermarine | Spitfire Mk.XI |
1946 | 1948 | Hawker | Tempest V |
1948 | 1948 | Hawker | Tempest II |
1948 | 1954 | de Havilland | Vampire FB.5 |
1954 | 1957 | de Havilland | Venom FB.1 |
1958 | 1972 | English Electric | Canberra B(I).8 |
1972 | 1984 | Blackburn | Buccaneer S.2B |
1984 | 1991 | Panavia |
Tornado GR1 |
1991 | 2005 | SEPECAT | Jaguar GR1, GR3, T2, & T4 |
2008 | present | Grob |
Tutor T1
|
Commanding officers
Commanding officers included:
date from | date to | rank | name |
---|---|---|---|
8 February 1915 | 23 July 1915 | Major | F V Holt[35] |
23 July 1915 | January 1916 | Major | H C T Dowding[36]
|
January 1916 | 5 August 1916 | Major | D W Powell[37] |
5 August 1916 | 16 June 1917 | Major | P C Maltby[38] |
16 June 1918 | June 1918 | Major | C F A Portal,[39] DSO and Bar, MC |
June 1918 | 1919 | Major | A W C V Parr |
1924 | 1925 | Squadron leader | J O Archer, CBE
|
1925 | 1928 | Squadron leader | W A Coryton,[40] MVO |
1928 | 1931 | Squadron leader | D O Mulholland, AFC |
1931 | 1933 | Squadron leader | A R Churchman,[41] DFC |
1933 | 1934 | Squadron leader | J R I Scrambler, AFC |
1934 | 1936 | Squadron leader | R P Musgrave-Whitman, OBE, MC
|
1936 | 1938 | Squadron leader | T Humble |
1938 | 1939 | Squadron leader | R E S Skelton |
1940 | 1940 | Wing commander | T Humble |
1940 | 1941 | Wing commander | R C Hancock |
1941 | 1942 | Wing commander | P W Stansfeld |
1942 | 1942 | Wing commander | A F Pallot |
1942 | 1943 | Wing commander | J R Davenport |
1943 | 1943 | Wing commander | R I M Bowen, DFC |
1943 | 1943 | Squadron leader | Mackie |
1943 | 1944 | Squadron leader | E M Goodale, DSO |
1944 | 1945 | Squadron leader | A N Davis, DFC |
1945 | 1946 | Squadron leader | A S Baker, DFC |
1946 | 1948 | Squadron leader | D C Usher, DFC, DFM |
1948 | 1948 | Squadron leader | R E Mooney |
1948 | 1949 | Squadron leader | L A Malins, DSO, DFC |
1949 | 1951 | Squadron leader | L H Lambert, DFC, AFC |
1951 | 1952 | Squadron leader | J E J Sing, DFC |
1952 | 1952 | Squadron leader | R H Benwell |
1952 | 1954 | Squadron leader | R U P De Burgh |
1954 | 1956 | Squadron leader | G G G Walkington |
1956 | 1956 | Squadron leader | C E Keay |
1956 | 1958 | Flight lieutenant | H E Clements |
1958 | 1960 | Wing commander | J R Forsythe,[42] DFC |
1960 | 1963 | Wing commander | J E Holland, DFC |
1963 | 1964 | Wing commander | J V Horwood |
1964 | 1966 | Wing commander | A L Bennett |
1966 | 1968 | Wing commander | J C Newby |
1968 | 1970 | Wing commander | L C Swalwell |
1970 | 1973 | Wing commander | K J Appleboom |
1973 | 1975 | Wing commander | R A Edwards |
1975 | 1977 | Wing commander | W I C Stoker |
1977 | 1980 | Wing commander | D Cousins, AFC |
1980 | 1983 | Wing commander | P C Norriss, KBE
|
1983 | 1984 | Wing commander | E R Cox |
1984 | 1986 | Wing commander | R H Goodall, AFC |
1986 | 1988 | Wing commander | R F R Carr |
1988 | 1991 | Wing commander | I Travers Smith, DSO[43] |
1991 | 1992 | Wing commander | N C Rusling |
1992 | 1995 | Wing commander | J W White, CBE
|
1995 | 1997 | Wing commander | B W Newby, AFC |
1997 | 2000 | Wing commander | A J Sudlow, MBE
|
2000 | 2002 | Wing commander | P Allan |
2002 | 2005 | Wing commander | G Stockill |
2008 | 2009 | Squadron leader | I S Smith[44] |
2009 | 2013 | Squadron leader | S J Foote |
2013 | 2015 | Squadron leader | F C J Parkinson |
2015 | 2017 | Squadron leader | C A Melen, CSM |
2017 | present | Squadron leader | M Pickles |
Stations
Stations included:
date from | date to | location | notes |
---|---|---|---|
10 February 1915 | 5 March 1915 | Saint-Omer | initial formation |
6 March 1915 | 31 May 1915 | La Gorgue | detachment to Aire Battle of Neuve Chapelle began 10 March 1915 |
1 June 1915 | 17 July 1915 | Choques | |
18 July 1915 | 11 December 1915 | Merville | Battle of Loos between 25 and 28 September 1915 |
12 December 1915 | 30 August 1916 | La Gorgue | |
31 August 1916 | 24 May 1917 | Bruay |
Battle of the Somme between 1 July and 18 November 1916 |
25 May 1917 | 20 October 1918 | Camblain-l'Abbe |
|
21 October 1918 | 24 October 1918 | La Brayelle | |
25 October 1918 | 13 February 1918 | Auchy | |
14 February 1918 | 31 December 1918 | Fowlmere | disbanded following cessation of hostilities |
1 April 1924 | 16 February 1940 | Old Sarum | reformed as Army co-operation squadron 1938 - first squadron to operate the Lysander |
17 February 1940 | 12 April 1940 | Hawkinge | |
13 April 1940 | 13 April 1940 | Amiens | |
14 April 1940 | 18 May 1940 | Bertangles | Battle of France commenced 10 May 1940 |
19 May 1940 | 2 June 1940 | Lympne | Dunkirk evacuation between 26 May and 4 June 1940 |
3 June 1940 | 28 June 1940 | Redhill | first RAF squadron to operate there |
29 June 1940 | 2 August 1940 | Cambridge |
|
3 August 1940 | 14 August 1940 | Okehampton | detachment to Cambridge |
15 August 1940 | 3 June 1941 | Western Zoyland | Detachments to Okehampton, Roborough, RAF Tilshead, St Just, and Bolt Head. Battle of Britain occurred between 10 July and 31 October 1940. |
4 June 1941 | 5 June 1941 | Okehampton | |
6 June 1941 | 8 September 1941 | Western Zoyland | detachments to Lee-on-Solent and RAF Tilshead
|
9 September 1941 | 10 September 1941 | Okehampton | |
11 September 1941 | 24 September 1941 | Western Zoyland | |
25 September 1941 | 2 October 1941 | Thruxton | |
3 October 1941 | 22 November 1941 | Western Zoyland | detachment to Farnborough
|
23 November 1941 | 26 November 1941 | Lympne | |
27 November 1941 | 31 December 1942 | Western Zoyland | detachment to Okehampton |
1 January 1943 | 25 February 1943 | Andover | |
26 February 1943 | 12 March 1943 | Ford , Wiltshire |
|
13 March 1943 | 5 April 1943 | Andover | |
6 April 1943 | 8 April 1943 | Western Zoyland | |
9 April 1943 | 15 May 1943 | Andover | |
16 May 1943 | 21 May 1943 | Western Zoyland | |
22 May 1943 | 31 May 1943 | Andover | |
1 June 1943 | 28 June 1943 | Middle Wallop |
|
29 June 1943 | 15 April 1944 | Hartford Bridge | operated in Strategic Reconnaissance Wing of the 2nd Tactical Air Force
|
16 April 1944 | 19 September 1945 | Northolt | D-Day on 6 June 1944, based several ALGs as part of 2TAF.Disbanded following cessation of hostilities. |
19 September 1945 | 1 April 1946 | Celle |
reformed and disbanded; renumbered from 268 Squadron |
1 April 1946 | 31 May 1946 | Fassberg |
reformed from 56 Squadron |
1 June 1946 | 11 June 1946 | Manston | |
12 June 1946 | 20 June 1946 | Fassberg |
|
21 June 1946 | 13 July 1946 | Sylt | |
14 July 1946 | 4 September 1946 | Fassberg |
|
5 September 1946 | 15 September 1946 | Manston | |
16 September 1946 | 3 February 1947 | Fassberg |
|
4 February 1947 | 20 March 1947 | Gatow | |
21 March 1947 | 7 May 1947 | Fassberg |
|
8 May 1947 | 19 May 1947 | Ahlhorn | |
20 May 1947 | 12 July 1947 | Fassberg |
|
13 July 1947 | 11 August 1947 | Zeltweg |
|
12 August 1947 | 5 October 1947 | Fassberg |
|
6 October 1947 | 16 October 1947 | Middle Wallop |
|
17 October 1947 | 2 November 1947 | Fassberg |
|
3 November 1947 | 23 November 1947 | Lübeck | |
24 November 1947 | 31 November 1947 | Fassberg |
|
1 December 1947 | 5 January 1948 | Gütersloh | |
6 January 1948 | 1 February 1948 | Gatow | |
2 February 1948 | 13 July 1948 | Gütersloh | Berlin Airlift begins on 24 June 1948
|
14 July 1948 | 6 August 1948 | Lübeck | |
7 August 1948 | 1 November 1950 | Gütersloh | Berlin Airlift ends 11 May 1949 |
2 November 1950 | 1 June 1957 | Celle |
disbanded |
1 March 1958 | 6 June 1972 | Laarbruch | Cuban Missile Crisis between 8 and 28 October 1962 |
8 January 1973 | 29 February 1984 | Laarbruch | |
1 Mar 1984 | 11 Sep 1991 | Laarbruch | squadron took part in Operation GRANBY |
1 November 1991 | 20 July 2000 | Lossiemouth | became a Reserve squadron as Jaguar OCU |
21 July 2000 | 11 March 2005 | Coltishall | Coltishall, the last surviving operational RAF base involved in the Battle of Britain, closed on 30 November 2006 |
1 October 2008 | 16 May 2015 | Cranwell | elementary flying training |
16 May 2015 | present | Wittering | elementary flying training |
See also
References
- ^ "16 Squadron at RAF Wittering graduates newly qualified pilots". RAF.MoD.uk. Royal Air Force. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
- ^ "Former Royal Navy pilot becomes instructor at RAF Wittering". PeterboroughToday.co.uk. Peterborough Today. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ a b Wind in the Wires, by Duncan Grinnell-Milne. London 1933. Revised by the author and republished by Doubleday, New York 1968.
- ^ "Beaupré-sur-la-Lys (Abbey)". Cister.net. European Charter of the Cistercian Abbeys and Sites. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ The squadron has been known as the 'Saints' due to its formation at Saint Omer, the unofficial stickman logo from the novels and TV series was subsequently adopted in the 1960s. This logo could be found on many 16 Squadron aircraft, and as badges worn on the right arm of flying suits.
- ^ "From the diary of Capt W T L Allcock RFC 1915-17". WTLA.Airwar1.org.uk. Airwar1. 2004. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f "No 16 - 20 Squadron Histories". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "Westland Lysander". HistoryOfWar.org. J Rickard. 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "16(AC) Sqn activities, May to Jun 1940". Traces of World War 2 website. Bart FM Droog. 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "16 Sqn during 2nd World War". HistoryOfWar.org. J Rickard. 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "Gp Capt P W Stansfield's account of D-Day". DDayMuseum.co.uk. Memories of D-Day, Portsmouth City Council. 2009. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "RAF nuclear front line Order-of-Battle 1973". Nuclear-Weapons.info.
- ^ "1979". sites.Google.com. RAF Laarbruch. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "RAF nuclear front line Order-of-Battle 1984". Nuclear-Weapons.info.
- ^ "RAF aircraft deployed during Op GRANBY". RAF.MoD.uk. Royal Air Force, Ministry of Defence. 2004. Archived from the original on 27 October 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "No. 16 Squadron". NationalColdWarExhibition.org. National Cold War Exhibition. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Weapon overview". Nuclear-Weapons.info.
- ^ "RAF nuclear frontline Order-of-Battle 1992". Nuclear-Weapons.info.
- ^ "RAF nuclear frontline Order-of-Battle 1993". Nuclear-Weapons.info.
- ^ "RAF nuclear frontline Order-of-Battle 1994". Nuclear-Weapons.info.
- ^ "16(R) and 54(F) Squadrons stood down". Target Aviation Photography website. Targeta. 2004. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "Come in Numbers 16 and 54, your time is up". AirsceneUK.org.uk. Airscene UK. 2004. Archived from the original on 16 October 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "RAF Squadron Standards". RAF.MoD.uk. Royal Air Force, Ministry of Defence. 2009. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "Saint Omer Aerodrome". WebMatters.net. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "EFT Squadrons". RAF.MoD.uk. RAF Cranwell, Ministry of Defence. 2009. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "RAF Flying Training". RAF.MoD.uk. No. 22 Group RAF, Ministry of Defence. 2009. Archived from the original on 17 May 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "Brief history of JEFTS". RAFChurchFenton.org.uk. I Herbert, RAF Church Fenton. 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "Letter regarding the Marston Report". Bris.ac.uk. Bristol MEC, University of Bristol. 2005. Retrieved 17 May 2009 – via Google.
- ^ "'Sharp eyes' William's first solo flight". News.BBC.co.uk. BBC News. 17 January 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "Prince thrilled to fly solo". News.BBC.co.uk. BBC News. 17 January 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ "Prince William joins the RAF". MoD.uk. Ministry of Defence. 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Prince Charles". PrinceOfWales.gov.uk. Prince of Wales, GOV.UK. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "Veteran Harrier pilot helps rebirth of flying at RAF airbase". RoyalNavy.MoD.uk. Royal Navy, Ministry of Defence. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ Barrass, M.B. (2007). "Biography of Air Vice-Marshal Felton Holt". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ Barrass, M.B. (2007). "Biography of Air Chief Marshal Lord Dowding of Bentley Priory". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "List of 16 Sqn personnel - Feb to May 1916". Airwar1.org.uk. Airwar1. 2004. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
- ^ Barrass, M.B. (2007). "Biography of Air Vice-Marshal Sir Paul Maltby". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ Barrass, M.B. (2007). "Biography of Marshal of the RAF Viscount Portal of Hungerford". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ Barrass, M.B. (2007). "Biography of Air Chief Marshal Sir Alec Coryton". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ Barrass, M.B. (2007). "Biography of Air Commodore Alan Churchman". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "Obituary for Air Commodore Paddy Forsythe". TimesOnline.co.uk. London, England: Times Newspapers Ltd. 4 September 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
- ^ "RAF honours awarded during Operation GRANBY". RAF.MoD.uk. Royal Air Force, Ministry of Defence. 2004. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "BBMF fighter pilots 2009". RAF.MoD.uk. Battle of Britain Memorial Flight, Royal Air Force. 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
External links
- No.16 Squadron RAF — official website, at RAF.MoD.uk
- No 16 - 20 Squadron Histories - No 16 Squadron — at Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation