Non-interventionism
Non-interventionism or non-intervention is a political philosophy or national foreign policy doctrine that opposes interference in the domestic politics and affairs of other countries but, in contrast to isolationism, is not necessarily opposed to international commitments in general. A 1915 definition is that non-interventionism is a policy characterized by the absence of "interference by a state or states in the external affairs of another state without its consent, or in its internal affairs with or without its consent".[1]
This is based on the grounds that a state should not interfere in the internal politics of another state as well as the principles of
History
The
However, this was soon affected by the advent of the
In different countries
China
Mutual non-interference has been one of China's principles on foreign policy since 1954. After the Chinese economic reform, China began to focus on industrial development and actively avoided military conflict over the subsequent decades.[5] As of December 2018, China has used its veto eleven times in UN Security Council.[6] China first used the veto on 25 August 1972 to block Bangladesh's admission to the UN. From 1971 to 2011, China used its veto sparingly, preferring to abstain rather than veto resolutions indirectly related to Chinese interests.[7] According to David L. Bosco, China turned abstention into an "art form," abstaining on 30% of Security Council Resolutions between 1971 and 1976.[8]: 140
Sweden
Switzerland
United States
In December 2013, the Pew Research Center reported that their newest poll, "American's Place in the World 2013," had revealed that 52 percent of respondents in the national poll said that the United States "should mind its own business internationally and let other countries get along the best they can on their own."[9] That was the most people to answer that question this way in the history of the question, which pollsters began asking in 1964.[10] Only about a third of respondents felt that way a decade earlier.[10]
Decline
Since the end of the Cold War, new emergent norms of humanitarian intervention are challenging the norm of non-intervention, based upon the argument that while sovereignty gives rights to states, there is also a responsibility to protect its citizens. The ideal, an argument based upon social contract theory, has states being justified in intervening within other states if the latter fail to protect (or are actively involved in harming) their citizens.[11]
That idea has been used to justify the UN-sanctioned intervention
The new norm of humanitarian intervention is not universally accepted and is often seen as still developing.[11]
See also
- Interventionism
- Isolationism
- Neutral country
- A Few Words on Non-Intervention by John Stuart Mill
- International relations theory
- Prime Directive, a non-interventionist principle in the fictional Star Trek universe
- List of anti-war organizations
- List of countries without armed forces
- List of peace activists
References
- ^ Hodges, Henry G. (1915). The Doctrine of Intervention. Princeton, The Banner press. p. 1.
- ISBN 978-0-684-83200-5.
- ^ "Non-Intervention (Non-interference in domestic affairs)". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Self-Determination. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
- ^ "Purposes and Principles of the UN (Chapter I of UN Charter) | United Nations Security Council". www.un.org. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
- ^ Brown, Kerry (17 September 2013). "Is China's non-interference policy sustainable?". BBC News. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ Security Council – Veto List. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
- ^ Pei, Minxin (7 February 2012). "Why Beijing Votes With Moscow". The New York Times.
- ISBN 978-0-19-532876-9.
- ^ Healy, Gene (10 December 2013). "It's not isolationist for America to mind its own business". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ a b Lindsay, James M.; Kauss, Rachael (3 December 2013). "The Public's Mixed Message on America's Role in the World". Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ S2CID 154653540.
Bibliography
- Kupchan, Charles A. (2020) Isolationism: A History of America's Efforts to Shield Itself from the World (Oxford University Press, 2020).
- Wheeler, N.J. (2003) "The Humanitarian Responsibilities of Sovereignty: Explaining the Development of a New Norm of Military Intervention for Humanitarian Purposes in International Society" in Welsh, J.M. Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online, pp. 29–50.
- Walzer, M.J. (2000) Just and Unjust Wars New York: Basic Books, pp. 86–108.
External links
- Media related to Non-interventionism at Wikimedia Commons
- John Laughland: Non-interventionism: The Forgotten Doctrine on YouTube