Non-tax revenue
Public finance |
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Non-tax revenue or non-tax receipts are government revenue not generated from taxes. For example - bond issues and profits of state-owned companies.
Examples
- Aid from another level of government (intragovernmental aid); in the United States, federal grants may be considered non-tax revenue for the receiving states, and equalization payments
- Aid from abroad (foreign aid)
- First World Waroffer a well-known example.
- Loans, or other borrowing, from monetary funds and/or other governments
- Revenue from investment funds, sovereign wealth funds, or endowments,
- Revenue from sales of state-owned assets
- Revenue from profitable state-owned enterprises
- royaltiesfrom private firms (often from leases for developing natural resources on public land)
- Fines collected and assets forfeited as a penalty. Examples include parking fines, court costs levied on criminal offenders, and civil forfeiture
- runoff, destroying native vegetation, and cutting-down healthy trees.
- User fees collected in exchange for the use of many public services and facilities. Tolls charged for the use of toll roads are an example
- Donations and voluntary contributions to the state
The volatility of non-tax revenue
Non-tax revenues can fluctuate significantly from one year to another. Indeed, their value is correlated with changing economic circumstances, repayments and interest on loans may be renegotiated, a record fine in the field of competition can significantly vary the profits of fines and penalties. Moreover, some years are marked by exceptional events: for example, in France in 2012, the sale of "4G" radio frequencies resulted in the collection of nearly €1.3 billion in non-tax revenues.
References