Norfolk County, Ontario
Norfolk County | |
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Norfolk County | |
519, 226, and 548 | |
Website | www.norfolkcounty.ca |
Norfolk County (
Geography
Located on the Norfolk Sand Plain in the Carolinian Life Zone,
A significant natural feature of Norfolk is
The
.History
Prehistory
The area of modern-day Norfolk County was a focus for the
Initial European settlement
By 1669, the French explorers De Galinee and Dollier de Casson had reached what is now
The first European to live in the area, with the Neutrals, was William (Billy) Smith, son of Abraham Smith. He eventually settled near the current Port Rowan in 1793.[12][11] This was in the first community, the Long Point Settlement (near what is now Port Rowan), where mills were built by United Empire Loyalist settlers. In the subsequent years, sawmills and grist mills were opened and the population increased. After the town site was surveyed in the late 1700s, the area was called Charlotte Villa and was later renamed Charlotteville.[5]
19th Century
Norfolk County was originally created in July 1792 as a
... to be bounded on the north and east by the county of Lincoln[14] and the River La Tranche, now called the Thames, on the south side by the lake Erie until it meets the Barlue (sic), to be called the Orwell River,[15] thence by a line running north sixteen degrees west until it intersects the river La Tranche or Thames, thence up the said river until it meets the northwest boundary of the county of York.
Norfolk County was reduced in size in 1798, with parts going to the counties of
- Charlotteville
- Houghton
- Middleton
- Rainham
- Townsend
- Walpole
- Walsingham
- Windham
- Woodhouse
In 1826, the townships of
The community that is now Simcoe was first settled when Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe gave land to Aaron Culver in 1795 on the agreement that he would build mills. After they were in operation, a hamlet formed by 1812, although it was burned down by American troops in 1814. Between 1819 and 1823 Culver laid out a village; streets were surveyed in 1835 to 1836 or 1837.[18][5] The settlement initially consisted of two distinct areas, Birdtown, named by William Bird who arrived in the early 1800s and the Queensway which grew up around Culver's sawmill and grist mill in the 1820s. The post office opened in 1829 and was called Simcoe.
The County had an important role during the War of 1812. Fort Norfolk was built in Charlotteville (near Vittoria and Normandale) in 1813 with accommodation for 300 troops. The Battle of Nanticoke, against American troops, was an important event in 1813. In August 1812, Major General Isaac Brock gathered a force of about regulars and militia at Port Dover. Using boats on the lake, they reached Amherstburg (also in Upper Canada) and then attacked and captured the American Hull's Army at Detroit.[18] The Americans forces later burned Port Dover. The Americans forces also burnt Port Dover, Port Ryerse and the Walsingham settlement in 1814.[5][18]
In 1837, Norfolk County was separated from the London District to form Talbot District, and Simcoe was declared to be the district town.[19] At the beginning of 1850, the district was abolished, being replaced by Norfolk County for municipal purposes.[20]
Because the county was heavily forested, logging became a major industry between 1860 and 1880. Agriculture was even more important however, with wheat being the primary crop until 1880 and then corn and oats.[18][5]
The South Norfolk Railway was started in the county and began operating in 1889. Even earlier, the Hamilton and Lake Erie Railway (H&LER) began operating in 1873 but was merged with the Hamilton and North-Western Railway which completed the final section to Port Dover and to Jarvis in the mid 1870s.[5]
Historic townships
Townships of Norfolk County in 1798:[21]
- Charlotteville
- Houghton
- Middleton
- Rainham
- Townsend
- Walpole
- Walsingham
- Windham
- Woodhouse
In 1826, the townships of
Prior to its amalgamation with Haldimand in 1974, Norfolk consisted of eight
Township | Township seat |
Charlotteville | Vittoria |
Houghton | Fairground |
Middleton | Delhi |
North Walsingham | Langton |
South Walsingham | Port Rowan |
Townsend | Waterford |
Windham | Windham Centre |
Woodhouse | Port Dover |
20th Century
By the early 1900s, orchards and canning crops were more typical. A major switch to tobacco began in 1920.[18][5]
By the 1920s tourism was an important contributor to the economy. Summer resorts in Port Dover, Port Ryerse, Normandale, Fisher's Glen, Turkey Point and Port Rowan were attracting many summer visitors. However, Norfolk was primarily agricultural with fruit and vegetables the primary crops. On report from 1924 states that "Norfolk apples have become pre-eminent in two hemispheres"; thousands of barrels of apples were shipped each year and canning was also a major industry, with companies such as Dominion Canners and St. Williams Fruit Preservers. There were a few factories too, in Port Dover and Waterford, while Port Dover was a major fishing centre, with fish shipped not only within Canada but also to the U.S.[12]
A report from 1924 also discusses an electric railway that had been introduced "in recent years". This was the Grand River Railway that connected Hespeler, Berlin (later called Kitchener) and Waterloo with connection to Brantford and Port Dover:[12]
Probably the most important achievement of recent years in Norfolk has been the introduction of an electric railway service, by which the produce of this rich agricultural region can be speedily transported to urban markets, and which has greatly benefited Norfolk people by the facility with which short distance travelling may now be accomplished. In addition, Norfolk's chief lake port has reaped untold benefit from the new radial service and the prospect for future recognition of Port Dover as Lake Erie's foremost port is very bright, particularly if the latent harbor facilities receive long overdue assistance from the Federal Government.
Regional Municipality of Haldimand–Norfolk
The two counties remained separate until 1974, when they were merged as the Regional Municipality of Haldimand–Norfolk on the advice of a report by Milt Farrow, a "special advisor" appointed by the Government of Ontario. This political unit existed from 1974 to 2000.[22]
Under this arrangement the Regional Municipality of Haldimand–Norfolk consisted of the upper-tier regional government and the lower-tier Towns of Haldimand, Dunnville and Simcoe, and the townships of Delhi, Norfolk and the City of Nanticoke. The last regional chairperson in Haldimand–Norfolk was John Harrison.
On January 1, 2001, the regional municipality was dissolved and two single-tier municipalities, the Town of Haldimand and the Town of Norfolk, were formed. These municipalities immediately changed their official names to Haldimand County and Norfolk County—and special advisor Milt Farrow later said in published interviews that he should have recommended those names. Since they no longer have
Norfolk County re-emerges
The Townships of Delhi and Norfolk, the Town of Simcoe, and the western half of the City of Nanticoke were amalgamated to form the "Town of Norfolk". Moreover, many smaller communities such as Port Dover and Port Rowan are now in "Norfolk County". The newly formed municipality's first by-law was to change the name to Norfolk County.
In January 2005, the county unveiled a new coat of arms which included natural symbols associated with the county:
The first mayor of the county, Rita Kalmbach, was succeeded in 2007 by Dennis Travale, who served two terms as mayor. Charlie Luke succeeded him and served one term as mayor. Kristal Chopp was elected in 2018 and was succeeded in 2022 by Amy Martin.
Knowledgepool Collective Intelligence Corp. has invested in Norfolk County bringing technology and innovation companies such as a Data Center, an Electric Vehicle Charging Manufacturer, and Internet of Things development companies to Norfolk. Which is reviving the area with influx of new investment and advancing the County as a new Agri-Tech hub for the region.[citation needed]
Climate
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Communities
Norfolk County's main town is
As the population is mainly rural, smaller communities generally predominate along highway intersections.
Tourism and attractions
Norfolk County's primary tourist attractions are the ports, towns and villages along Lake Erie, which the municipality promotes as Ontario's Garden.[30] These towns include Port Dover, Turkey Point and Long Point. Fishing is another key attraction for tourist, as well as birding, hiking, camping and cycling. Main festivals include the Norfolk County Fair & Horse Show (October), Waterford Pumpkin Festival (October), the Friday the 13th motorcycle rally at Port Dover, and Simcoe Christmas Panorama (December). Agri-tourism is another expanding attraction for tourists coming to Norfolk County, with a few wineries in development and numerous farmgate retailers. Wilsonville’s Whistling Gardens, in the northeast Norfolk County, is Ontario’s newest publicly accessible botanical garden and one of the few that are privately run in Canada. In 2014, it was named one of Norfolk’s Top 10 Amazing Places on a social mapping tool created by Ontario’s UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.[31]
Culture
The Norfolk County Public Library has branches in Delhi, Port Dover, Port Rowan, Simcoe and Waterford. The Simcoe branch, an Ontario Historic Site, was created in 1884 on Peel Street after a mechanics' institute was closed and its property donated for the creation of a free public library. The original building was used until 1912, when it was replaced with a new library building constructed as one of the
The Lighthouse Festival Theatre Company has produced live theatre at Port Dover's old town hall (under the clock tower) since 1981. The Theatre is open year-round and provides a variety of events, including concerts, public meetings, community fund raisers, dance recitals, workshops, band rehearsals and classes. Annually, more than 36000 people now attend events at Lighthouse Theatre.
Waterford's Old Town Hall is home to many local theatre productions. This restored historic building, built in 1902, includes an auditorium with stage, seating for 180, and provides cultural diversity to the community in its capacity as a venue for musical, artistic and theatrical productions, a meeting hall and rental facility.
More recently, the South Coast Jazz festival has attracted thousands of visitors to the region, featuring since its 2014 inception such artists as Holly Cole,[33] David Sanborn, Oakland Stroke,[34] and Toronto's Shuffle Demons.
Museums
Port Dover Harbour Museum
The Port Dover Harbour Museum, housed in an original fisherman's net shanty, commemorates Port Dover's fishing industry. The galleries present exhibits on the days of commercial sail as well as Lake Erie shipwrecks, ship building, Long Point, the War of 1812 and other aspects of lakeside life in this community. The museum is also active in the preservation and presentation of local folklore and living traditions, particularly in the areas of fishing and lakeside history. Since 2002, the museum has been the home to a collection of artifacts from the 1852 wreck of the steamer Atlantic. One notable exhibit commemorated the bicentennial of the burning of Dover Mills, a hamlet burned to the ground by American soldiers in 1814. The Town of Port Dover was later established when the harbour at the mouth of the Lynn River was dredged.[35]
Waterford Heritage & Agricultural Museum
The Waterford Heritage & Agricultural Museum is located in Waterford's best known industrial landmarks "The Pickle Factory". The museum exhibits the social, industrial, and agricultural history of the area through the use of interactive and engaging exhibits.
Norfolk County Archives at Eva Brook Donly Museum
The Eva Brook Donly Museum is a Victorian-period historic house museum that has been featuring displays of local history since it first opened in 1946. Located in downtown Simcoe and operated by Norfolk County, the museum is renowned for its collections of artwork by the late William Edgar Cantelon and Eva Brook Donly. Here, you can see Dr. Troyer's infamous witch trap, Abigail Becker's gold medal presented to her for having rescued stranded sailors in 1854, an original Van Norman stove and much more. The museum also has an extensive archival collection of local genealogical historical material, including photographs, diaries, wills, legal papers, obituaries, maps and more. The archival collection is now a part of Norfolk County Archives. Norfolk County established their municipal archives there in 2018 and the collection has grown to include the corporate records for the County, including Council meeting minutes, by-laws, assessment rolls, vital statistics and other County administrative records.
Teeterville Pioneer Museum
The Teeterville Pioneer Museum is a museum devoted to pioneer life in the 19th century. It includes antique farm equipment as well as home and garden tools.
Delhi Tobacco Museum and Heritage Centre
The Delhi Tobacco Museum and Heritage Centre displays the agricultural and cultural history of the former township. Despite a province-wide smoking ban, the museum still guarantees its patrons the benefits of viewing the artistry and science of tobacco farming during the Golden Years of growing tobacco. It is located near Quances Dam. There is also a park nearby that is enjoyed by the local residents for picnics, barbecues, and for walking around with. It is closed on Sundays and major holidays.
Backus Mill Heritage and Conservation Centre
The
Norfolk Arts Centre at Lynnwood National Historic Site
Housed in the Lynnwood National Historic Site, the Norfolk Arts Centre is Norfolk County’s public art gallery. The Norfolk Arts Centre has regularly changing exhibits featuring local and regional artists, diverse arts programs and special events.
Festivities
Port Dover is the location of a biker rally which takes place every Friday the 13th.[36] Simcoe is well-known for annual community events including the Lynn River Music and Arts Festival, as well as the Simcoe Panorama.[37][38] Port Rowan also hosts an annual Bayfest.[39]
The Norfolk County Fairgrounds are home to the Norfolk Wildlife and Adventure Show, Eat & Drink Norfolk and the
Every October, Waterford hosts a Pumpkin Festival close to the end of the month. The Waterford Lions and Lioness clubs have been organizing the event since 2009. Due to low funding, the fireworks are no longer an event at the Waterford Pumpkin Festival. The usual features of the Pumpkin Festival are a pyramid of 1500 pumpkins, decorated buildings, craft shows, an automobile show, a carnival, live entertainment, and the locally famous Pumpkinbowl football game at Waterford District High School.
The Donnybrook Fair in Walsh is an annual two-day event. The fair has been held every year from 1857 until the present, making 2007 the 150th Fair. This mid-September event involves the children of
Throughout the year, the fairgrounds and the Community Centre Hall are frequently used for weddings, funerals, and buck and doe events. The name "Donnybrook Fair" comes from an early settler of Walsh, who said the fair reminded him of an annual horse fair in Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland.
Gentlemen of the Road
In August 2013,
Boating
Norfolk County is also known for its attraction to boaters and fishers. The small village in Norfolk County, Turkey Point, is known for having the largest freshwater marina in Canada, MacDonald Turkey Point Marina. All summer long, thousands travel from Turkey Point to Pottahawk Point to party.[45] A thriving boating scene can be found in Port Rowan; where alcoholic beverages can frequently be found on the docks and consumed by boaters over the age of majority. They must be purchased inland either through a local bar or through the government-owned beer store.
Sports
The Norfolk HERicanes ices house league teams in the Greater Hamilton Girls Hockey League and has its rep teams playing in the Lower Lakes Female Hockey League. The HERicanes play out of Talbot Gardens and Simcoe Rec Centre in Simcoe, Port Dover Arena, Waterford Arena and Delhi Arena.
Norfolk has three Junior C level hockey teams. The
The Norfolk Minor Hockey Association (Norfolk Knights) is a REP Partnership between Port Dover, Simcoe, and Waterford Minor Hockey Associations. Teams compete at the Junior B/BB level.
The Norfolk Harvesters RFC of the Niagara Rugby Union are a rugby football club that operates men's, women's, u18 boys' and u18 girls' rugby teams. The Club was established in 2001 and has won division championships in 2003, 2004, 2007, 2014, and a four-year run of championships in the "B" Division from 2015 to 2018. The club's current home is the rugby pitch at Waterford's Hellyer Memorial Park. Players and coaches have gone on to represent the Niagara Rugby Union, Rugby Ontario, and at the national level with Rugby Canada.
Education
Public schools in Norfolk County are administered by the Grand Erie District School Board. The board maintains 16 public elementary schools and five public high schools in Norfolk:
- Boston Public School
- Courtland Public School
- Delhi Public School
- Doverwood Public School
- Elgin Avenue Public School
- Houghton Public School
- Langton Public School
- Lynndale Heights Public School
- Port Rowan Public School
- Teeterville Public School
- Walsh Public School
- Waterford Public School
- West Lynn Public School
- Windham Central Public School-no longer open
- Simcoe Composite School
- Delhi District Secondary School
- Port Dover Composite School (now Lakewood Elementary)[46]
- Valley Heights Secondary School
- Waterford District High School
Separate schools
Separate schools are administered by the Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board, which maintains seven elementary schools and one high school.
- Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School
- Sacred Heart Catholic School
- St. Mary's catholic school
- St. Cecilia's Catholic School
- St. Frances Cabrini Catholic School
- St. Joseph's Catholic School
- St. Michael's Catholic School
- Holy Trinity Catholic High School
The Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board also administers the on-site secondary school of the Sprucedale Youth Centre, a secure detention facility for young offenders.[47]
There is also a separate school administered by the Conseil scolaire catholique Mon Avenir
- École Élémentaire Catholique Sainte-Marie in the former building of the St. Mary's Catholic Elementary School and Laval 65, the predecessor to the school. Conseil scolaire catholique de district centre sud's board name was changed to Conseil scolaire catholique Mon Avenir on May 10, 2017.
Media
Featuring Norfolk
In 2004 the documentary film Tobacco's Last Stand was released which highlighted the effect on tobacco production on the region.[48]
Radio
Simcoe has its own radio station, CHCD-FM. The area is otherwise served by media in Erie (Pennsylvania), Cleveland (Ohio), Buffalo (New York), and some radio stations from Toronto are also often receivable.
Newspapers
- Delhi News Record (Norfolk and Tillsonburg News)
- Port Dover Maple Leaf
- Port Rowan Good News
- Simcoe Reformer
Notable people
- Jacob R. Beamer, Patriot
- Shane Bergman, Canadian football player
- Rob Blake, NHL hockey player, former team captain, Olympic Gold Medalist, Stanley Cup Champion, Hockey Hall of Fame inductee
- Annaleise Carr, swimmer
- Jassen Cullimore, NHL hockey player, Stanley Cup Champion
- Rick Danko, musician from The Band
- Terry Danko, musician
- Nelson Emerson, NHL hockey player
- Red Kelly, Hockey Hall of Fame inductee
- Joey Muha, drummer/musician
- Jack Roxburgh, politician and president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
- Dwayne Roloson, NHL hockey player
- Rick Wamsley, NHL hockey player
- William Legh Walsh
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Norfolk County had a population of 67,490 living in 27,594 of its 30,085 total private dwellings, a change of 5.4% from its 2016 population of 64,044. With a land area of 1,597.68 km2 (616.87 sq mi), it had a population density of 42.2/km2 (109.4/sq mi) in 2021.[2]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
2021 | 67,490 | +5.4% |
[49] |
2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|
Population | 67,490 (+5.4% from 2016) | 64,044 (+1.4% from 2011) | 63,175 (+1.0% from 2006) |
Land area | 1,597.68 km2 (616.87 sq mi) | 1,607.55 km2 (620.68 sq mi) | 1,607.60 km2 (620.70 sq mi) |
Population density | 42.2/km2 (109/sq mi) | 39.8/km2 (103/sq mi) | 39.3/km2 (102/sq mi) |
Median age | 48.8 (M: 47.2, F: 50.4) | 47.9 (M: 46.8, F: 49.0) | |
Private dwellings | 27,595 (total) | 28,720 (total) | 27,814 (total) |
Median household income | $$67,338 |
According to Statistics Canada 2016 census:[1]
- Median income of persons of age 15 or older: C$32,301
- Average earnings of all persons with earnings: C$40,045
- Racial Profile:
Panethnic group |
2021[55] | 2016[56] | 2011[57] | 2006[58] | 2001[59] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |||||
European[a] | 61,880 | 93.44% | 59,240 | 94.9% | 58,400 | 95.18% | 59,680 | 96.48% | 58,010 | 96.76% | ||||
Indigenous | 2,120 | 3.2% | 1,795 | 2.88% | 1,945 | 3.17% | 1,150 | 1.86% | 950 | 1.58% | ||||
African
|
650 | 0.98% | 575 | 0.92% | 370 | 0.6% | 405 | 0.65% | 405 | 0.68% | ||||
Southeast Asian[b] | 370 | 0.56% | 225 | 0.36% | 130 | 0.21% | 60 | 0.1% | 50 | 0.08% | ||||
South Asian | 345 | 0.52% | 115 | 0.18% | 100 | 0.16% | 80 | 0.13% | 115 | 0.19% | ||||
East Asian[c] | 335 | 0.51% | 250 | 0.4% | 190 | 0.31% | 295 | 0.48% | 185 | 0.31% | ||||
Latin American | 245 | 0.37% | 95 | 0.15% | 60 | 0.1% | 125 | 0.2% | 100 | 0.17% | ||||
Middle Eastern[d] | 80 | 0.12% | 40 | 0.06% | 0 | 0% | 25 | 0.04% | 40 | 0.07% | ||||
Other[e] | 200 | 0.3% | 95 | 0.15% | 125 | 0.2% | 30 | 0.05% | 110 | 0.18% | ||||
Total responses | 66,225 | 98.13% | 62,425 | 97.47% | 61,360 | 97.13% | 61,860 | 98.88% | 59,950 | 98.53% | ||||
Total population | 67,490 | 100% | 64,044 | 100% | 63,175 | 100% | 62,563 | 100% | 60,847 | 100% | ||||
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses |
See also
Notes
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
References
- ^ a b Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Norfolk County, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Ontario [Province]". 12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2021 Census - Norfolk County, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Ontario [Province]". 12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ An act for the better division of this province, S.U.C. 1798, c. 5, s. 37
- ^ a b An Act to establish the District Town of the District of London to a more central position than at present, and to annex the Townships of Walpole and Rainham to the County of Haldimand, in the District of Niagara, S.U.C. 1826, c. 13
- ^ a b c d e "Historical Plaques of Haldimand-Norfolk". Waynecook.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ An Act erecting the County of Norfolk into a separate District, by the name of the District of Talbot, S.U.C. 1837, c. 33
- ^ An Act for abolishing the Territorial Division of Upper-Canada into Districts, and for providing temporary Unions of Counties for Judicial and other purposes, and for the future dissolutions of such Unions, as the increase of wealth and population may require, S.Prov.C. 1849, c. 78, Sch. B
- ^ 1798 Act, s. 33
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- ^ October 29, Ashley Taylor More from Ashley Taylor Published on; October 29, 2019 | Last Updated; Edt, 2019 12:33 Pm (2019-10-29). "Friendship Festival to return to Simcoe". Simcoe Reformer. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "60 years of Simcoe Christmas Panorama | Norfolk County Tourism". Retrieved 2020-07-30.
- ^ August 30, Chris Abbott More from Chris Abbott Published on; August 30, 2018 | Last Updated; Edt, 2018 9:40 Pm (2018-08-31). "Bayfest lineup promises fun". Tillsonburg News. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "2018 annual review" (PDF). Norfolk County Tourism. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
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- ^ "35,000 people expected at Mumford & Sons' Gentlemen of the Road Stopover today and Saturday in Guthrie". Newsok.com. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ Bagnoli, Melissa (August 24, 2013). "Mumford and Sons hit Simcoe". CHCH.com. Channel Zero Inc. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
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- ^ "Lakewood new name for Port Dover school". simcoereformer. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
- ^ Robinson, Jacob (December 12, 2018). "Catholic school board partners with Sprucedale". Simcoe Reformer. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
- ^ "CM Magazine:Tobacco's Last Stand". Umanitoba.ca. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
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- 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
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Bibliography
- Lore and Legends of Long Point, Harry B. Barrett, Burns and MacEachearn 1977, ISBN 978-0-88768-075-5
- Long Point: Last Port of Call, David Stone, Boston Mills Press, 1988, ISBN 978-0-919783-59-1
- Waters of Repose, Dave Stone and David Frew, Erie County Historical Society 1993, ISBN 1-883658-19-5