North-West Frontier Province
North-West Frontier Province شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ ( (1947–1955; 1970–2010) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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1901-1955; 1970–2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Location within the British Raj Location within Pakistan | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital | Peshawar | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1901 | 100,142[1][2] km2 (38,665 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1901 | 2,041,534 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||
9 November 1901 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
14 August 1947 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
14 October 1955 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
1 July 1970 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
19 April 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Today part of | Pakistan · Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
This article is part of the series |
Former administrative units of Pakistan |
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The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP;
The province covered an area of 70,709 km2 (27,301 sq mi), including much of the current Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province but excluding the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the former princely states of Amb, Chitral, Dir, Phulra and Swat. Its capital was the city of Peshawar, and the province was composed of six divisions (Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hazara, Kohat, Mardan, and Peshawar Division; Malakand was later added as the seventh division). Until 1947, the province was bordered by five princely states to the north, the minor states of the Gilgit Agency to the northeast, the province of Punjab to the east and the province of Balochistan to the south. The Kingdom of Afghanistan lay to the northwest, with the Federally Administered Tribal Areas forming a buffer zone between the two.
History
Formation
The northwestern frontier areas were annexed by the
-
The Punjab in 1880 (included areas of the later North-West Frontier Province)
-
Map of the North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir from The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1907-1909)
-
Map of the North-West Frontier Province and neighbouring regions (National Geographic, 1946)
Inside Pakistan
Before the
As a separate province, the NWFP lasted until 1955 when it was merged into the new province of
Government
The offices of Governor and Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province lasted until 14 October 1955.
Tenure | Governors of the North-West Frontier Province[7] |
---|---|
14 August 1947 – 8 April 1948 | Sir George Cunningham
|
8 April 1948 – 16 July 1949 | Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas |
16 July 1949 – 14 January 1950 | Sahibzada Mohammad Kursheed
|
14 January 1950 – 21 February 1950 | Mohammad Ibrahim Khan Jhagra (acting) |
21 February 1950 – 23 November 1951 | Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar |
24 November 1951 – 17 November 1954 | Khwaja Shahabuddin
|
17 November 1954 – 14 October 1955 | Qurban Ali Khan |
14 October 1955 | North-West Frontier Province dissolved |
Tenure | Chief Ministers of the North-West Frontier Province[7] | Political party |
---|---|---|
1 April 1937 – 7 September 1937 | Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan |
Non-party government nominee |
7 September 1937 – 10 November 1939 | Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (1st time) | Indian National Congress |
10 November 1939 – 25 May 1943 | Governor's rule | |
25 May 1943 – 16 March 1945 | Sardar Aurangzeb Khan | Muslim League |
16 March 1945 – 22 August 1947 | Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (2nd time) | Indian National Congress |
14 August 1947 | Independence of Pakistan | |
23 August 1947 – 23 April 1953 | Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri |
Pakistan Muslim League |
23 April 1953 – 18 July 1955 | Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan |
|
19 July 1955 – 14 October 1955 | Sardar Bahadur Khan |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1855 | 1,144,047 | — |
1868 | 1,339,566 | +17.1% |
1881 | 1,575,943 | +17.6% |
1891 | 1,857,519 | +17.9% |
1901 | 2,050,724 | +10.4% |
1911 | 2,196,933 | +7.1% |
1921 | 2,251,340 | +2.5% |
1931 | 2,425,076 | +7.7% |
1941 | 3,038,067 | +25.3% |
Source: Census of India [8]: 7 [9]: 30 [10]: 345–346 [11][12] |
Historical population, language, and religious counts in North-West Frontier Province were enumerated in all districts (Hazara, Mardan, Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan), detailed in the population, language, and religious tables above and below. Separate population counts were taken in the Agencies and Tribal Areas, as detailed on the respective article page.
At independence, there was a clear Muslim Pashtun and Hindkowan majority in the North-West Frontier Province, although there were also significant Hindu and Sikh Pashtun, Hindkowan and Punjabi minorities scattered across the province.
Language
The languages of the North-West Frontier Province included Pashto, Hindko, Kohistani and others, although most of the population spoke either
Mother Tongue |
1931[11]: 357–359 | |
---|---|---|
Population | Percentage | |
Pashto | 1,279,471 | 52.76% |
Western Punjabi
(Lahnda)[a] |
1,034,874 | 42.67% |
Standard Punjabi
|
68,031 | 2.81% |
Hindustani | 19,221 | 0.79% |
English | 7,852 | 0.32% |
Persian | 6,030 | 0.25% |
Nepali | 5,140 | 0.21% |
Kashmiri | 1,796 | 0.07% |
Gujari | 596 | 0.02% |
Kohistani
|
377 | 0.02% |
Turkish | 62 | 0.003% |
Arabic | 24 | 0.001% |
Welsh | 19 | 0.001% |
Portuguese | 14 | 0.001% |
French | 9 | 0.0004% |
Chinese | 5 | 0.0002% |
German | 3 | 0.0001% |
Greek | 2 | 0.0001% |
Scotch
|
1 | 0% |
Irish | 1 | 0% |
Spanish | 1 | 0% |
Dutch | 1 | 0% |
Japanese | 1 | 0% |
Other Indo-Aryan or Dravidian languages |
1,545 | 0.06% |
Total | 2,425,076 | 100% |
Districts
District | Pashto | Western Punjabi
(Lahnda)[a] |
Standard Punjabi
|
Hindustani | English | Others | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar District | 781,773 | 80.24% | 127,189 | 13.05% | 40,805 | 4.19% | 11,798 | 1.21% | 5,864 | 0.6% | 6,892 | 0.71% | 974,321 | 100% |
Hazara District | 29,375 | 4.38% | 625,268 | 93.31% | 5,436 | 0.81% | 4,113 | 0.61% | 257 | 0.04% | 5,668 | 0.85% | 670,117 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan District | 53,643 | 19.57% | 213,115 | 77.76% | 4,446 | 1.62% | 419 | 0.15% | 336 | 0.12% | 2,105 | 0.77% | 274,064 | 100% |
Bannu District | 228,381 | 84.49% | 33,547 | 12.41% | 6,267 | 2.32% | 1,181 | 0.44% | 556 | 0.21% | 369 | 0.14% | 270,301 | 100% |
Kohat District | 186,299 | 78.85% | 35,755 | 15.13% | 11,077 | 4.69% | 1,710 | 0.72% | 839 | 0.36% | 593 | 0.25% | 236,273 | 100% |
Total | 1,279,471 | 52.76% | 1,034,874 | 42.67% | 68,031 | 2.81% | 19,221 | 0.79% | 7,852 | 0.32% | 15,627 | 0.64% | 2,425,076 | 100% |
Religion
Religious counts below is for the entirety of NWFP (Hazara, Mardan, Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan). The Agencies and Tribal Areas constituted a separate administrative division where religious composition was not enumerated, except at small Trans-Frontier Posts in the region.
Religious group |
1881[9]: 95 | 1891[9]: 95 | 1901[8]: 34–36 | 1911[9]: 307–308 | 1921[10]: 345–346 | 1931[11]: 373–375 | 1941[12]: 22 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 1,451,444 | 92.1% | 1,714,490 | 92.3% | 1,890,479 | 92.19% | 2,039,994 | 92.86% | 2,062,786 | 91.62% | 2,227,303 | 91.84% | 2,788,797 | 91.8% |
Hinduism | 111,892 | 7.1% | 118,881 | 6.4% | 129,306 | 6.31% | 119,942 | 5.46% | 149,881 | 6.66% | 142,977 | 5.9% | 180,321 | 5.94% |
Sikhism | 7,880 | 0.5% | 18,575 | 1% | 25,733 | 1.25% | 30,345 | 1.38% | 28,040 | 1.25% | 42,510 | 1.75% | 57,939 | 1.91% |
Christianity | 4,728 | 0.3% | 5,573 | 0.3% | 5,119 | 0.25% | 6,585 | 0.3% | 10,610 | 0.47% | 12,213 | 0.5% | 10,889 | 0.36% |
Jainism | — | — | — | — | 37 | 0.002% | 4 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% |
Zoroastrianism | — | — | — | — | 46 | 0.002% | 49 | 0.002% | 20 | 0.001% | 60 | 0.002% | 24 | 0.001% |
Judaism | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0% | 14 | 0.001% | 0 | 0% | 11 | 0% | 71 | 0.002% |
Buddhism | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 25 | 0.001% |
Others | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Total Population | 1,575,943 | 100% | 1,857,519 | 100% | 2,050,724 | 100% | 2,196,933 | 100% | 2,251,340 | 100% | 2,425,076 | 100% | 3,038,067 | 100% |
Adherents of Islam who were indigenous to frontier regions that continued to have relatively large Hindu populations, and who were also relatively recent
"The high road, along which the
converted to Islam. It is enough to notice that they had long been Mohammadan when they settled in their present homes, and that their fanaticism and intolerance, especially in the districts where they are strongest, rendered the Province no very inviting place of residence for settlers of a different creed. If no fanaticism in its inhabitants acted as a bar to the settlement of Hindus in Hazara, the absence of any large trade centres was at least equally efficacious. The only other district in which there is a non-Pathan element in the population in any way commensurate to that of Hazara is Dera Ismail Khan. The population here is mainly composed of tribes of Indian origin. Its conversion to Islam is of much later data; fanaticism does not exist, and no particular dislike to the Hindu seems to have existed." [9]: 64–65— Excerpt from the Census of India (North-West Frontier Province), 1911 AD
Similarly, adherents of Hinduism who belonged to the various
": 93
— Excerpt from the Census of India (North-West Frontier Province), 1911 AD
Lastly, decadal census reports throughout the colonial era frequently detailed the difficulty of differentiating adherents of Hinduism with adherents of Sikhism, owing to the traditional ability of the former in assimilating and integrating followers of varied thought into Hinduism.
"The
missionaries in Protestant countries have partially succeeded in persuading the Sikhs to restore to their niches the images of Devi, the Queen of Heaven, and the Saints and gods of the ancient faith." [9]: 62— Excerpt from the Census of India (North-West Frontier Province), 1911 AD)
Districts
With rapid population growth occurring across all districts in the province, Mardan District was added to the North–West Frontier Province in 1941.
District | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Others[c] | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar District | 769,589 | 90.35% | 51,212 | 6.01% | 24,030 | 2.82% | 6,890 | 0.81% | 112[d] | 0.01% | 851,833 | 100% |
Hazara District | 756,004 | 94.95% | 30,267 | 3.8% | 9,220 | 1.16% | 737 | 0.09% | 2[e] | 0.0003% | 796,230 | 100% |
Mardan District | 483,575 | 95.47% | 10,677 | 2.11% | 11,838 | 2.34% | 449 | 0.09% | 0 | 0% | 506,539 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan District | 255,757 | 85.79% | 39,167 | 13.14% | 2,390 | 0.8% | 810 | 0.27% | 7[f] | 0.002% | 298,131 | 100% |
Bannu District | 257,648 | 87.06% | 31,471 | 10.63% | 6,112 | 2.07% | 699 | 0.24% | 0 | 0% | 295,930 | 100% |
Kohat District | 266,224 | 91.99% | 17,527 | 6.06% | 4,349 | 1.5% | 1,304 | 0.45% | 0 | 0% | 289,404 | 100% |
Total | 2,788,797 | 91.8% | 180,321 | 5.94% | 57,939 | 1.91% | 10,889 | 0.36% | 121[b] | 0.004% | 3,038,067 | 100% |
District | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Others[c] | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar District | 898,683 | 92.24% | 42,321 | 4.34% | 24,271 | 2.49% | 8,974 | 0.92% | 72[g] | 0.01% | 974,321 | 100% |
Hazara District | 636,794 | 95.03% | 25,260 | 3.77% | 7,630 | 1.14% | 432 | 0.06% | 1[h] | 0.0001% | 670,117 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan District | 235,707 | 86% | 35,822 | 13.07% | 1,878 | 0.69% | 657 | 0.24% | 0 | 0% | 274,064 | 100% |
Bannu District | 237,674 | 87.93% | 26,181 | 9.69% | 5,482 | 2.03% | 964 | 0.36% | 0 | 0% | 270,301 | 100% |
Kohat District | 218,445 | 92.45% | 13,393 | 5.67% | 3,249 | 1.38% | 1,186 | 0.5% | 0 | 0% | 236,273 | 100% |
Total | 2,227,303 | 91.84% | 142,977 | 5.9% | 42,510 | 1.75% | 12,213 | 0.5% | 73[i] | 0.003% | 2,425,076 | 100% |
District | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Others[c] | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar District | 836,222 | 92.16% | 48,144 | 5.31% | 15,326 | 1.69% | 7,652 | 0.84% | 23[j] | 0.003% | 907,367 | 100% |
Hazara District | 591,058 | 94.97% | 26,038 | 4.18% | 4,850 | 0.78% | 403 | 0.06% | 0 | 0% | 622,349 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan District | 218,315 | 83.72% | 39,311 | 15.08% | 1,904 | 0.73% | 1,237 | 0.47% | 0 | 0% | 260,767 | 100% |
Bannu District | 219,695 | 89.04% | 23,509 | 9.53% | 3,286 | 1.33% | 244 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 246,734 | 100% |
Kohat District | 197,496 | 92.23% | 12,879 | 6.01% | 2,674 | 1.25% | 1,074 | 0.5% | 0 | 0% | 214,123 | 100% |
Total | 2,062,786 | 91.62% | 149,881 | 6.66% | 28,040 | 1.25% | 10,610 | 0.47% | 23[j] | 0.001% | 2,251,340 | 100% |
Tehsils
Tehsil | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity [k] | Others[l] | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar Tehsil
|
335,871 | 86.27% | 33,551 | 8.62% | 15,454 | 3.97% | 2,618[k] | 0.67% | 1,835[l] | 0.47% | 389,329 | 100% |
Abbottabad Tehsil | 284,228 | 92.13% | 17,558 | 5.69% | 6,035 | 1.96% | 278[k] | 0.09% | 419[l] | 0.14% | 308,518 | 100% |
Mardan Tehsil | 281,161 | 93.91% | 8,709 | 2.91% | 9,091 | 3.04% | 360[k] | 0.12% | 63[l] | 0.02% | 299,384 | 100% |
Charsadda Tehsil | 239,634 | 98.11% | 2,533 | 1.04% | 1,940 | 0.79% | 127[k] | 0.05% | 12[l] | 0.005% | 244,246 | 100% |
Mansehra Tehsil | 237,306 | 97.58% | 4,910 | 2.02% | 965 | 0.4% | 22[k] | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 243,203 | 100% |
Nowshera Tehsil | 194,084 | 88.92% | 15,128 | 6.93% | 6,636 | 3.04% | 652[k] | 0.3% | 1,758[l] | 0.81% | 218,258 | 100% |
Swabi Tehsil | 202,414 | 97.71% | 1,968 | 0.95% | 2,747 | 1.33% | 16[k] | 0.01% | 10[l] | 0.005% | 207,155 | 100% |
Haripur Tehsil | 178,545 | 95.04% | 7,278 | 3.87% | 2,011 | 1.07% | 14[k] | 0.01% | 6[l] | 0.003% | 187,854 | 100% |
Bannu Tehsil | 157,097 | 83.74% | 24,517 | 13.07% | 5,285 | 2.82% | 467[k] | 0.25% | 232[l] | 0.12% | 187,598 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil | 155,100 | 82.68% | 30,065 | 16.03% | 1,740 | 0.93% | 195[k] | 0.1% | 485[l] | 0.26% | 187,585 | 100% |
Kohat Tehsil | 100,868 | 88.01% | 9,156 | 7.99% | 3,613 | 3.15% | 596[k] | 0.52% | 383[l] | 0.33% | 114,616 | 100% |
Teri Tehsil | 110,146 | 97.73% | 2,462 | 2.18% | 86 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 15[l] | 0.01% | 112,709 | 100% |
Marwat Tehsil | 100,551 | 92.82% | 6,954 | 6.42% | 817 | 0.75% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 108,332 | 100% |
Hangu Tehsil | 55,210 | 88.94% | 5,909 | 9.52% | 650 | 1.05% | 0 | 0% | 310[l] | 0.5% | 62,079 | 100% |
Tank Tehsil | 49,847 | 89.55% | 5,279 | 9.48% | 401 | 0.72% | 81[k] | 0.15% | 56[l] | 0.1% | 55,664 | 100% |
Kulachi Tehsil | 50,810 | 92.58% | 3,823 | 6.97% | 249 | 0.45% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 54,882 | 100% |
Amb Tehsil | 47,288 | 98.69% | 433 | 0.9% | 195 | 0.41% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 47,916 | 100% |
Phulra Tehsil | 8,637 | 98.83% | 88 | 1.01% | 14 | 0.16% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 8,739 | 100% |
Total | 2,788,797 | 91.8% | 180,321 | 5.94% | 57,929 | 1.91% | 5,426[k] | 0.18% | 5,583[l] | 0.18% | 3,038,067 | 100% |
Tehsil | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Others | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar Tehsil
|
240,642 | 86.27% | 23,538 | 8.44% | 9,736 | 3.49% | 4,991 | 1.79% | 40[m] | 0.01% | 278,947 | 100% |
Abbottabad Tehsil | 235,454 | 92.78% | 13,378 | 5.27% | 4,599 | 1.81% | 347 | 0.14% | 1[n] | 0% | 253,779 | 100% |
Mansehra Tehsil | 203,374 | 97.47% | 4,308 | 2.06% | 966 | 0.46% | 12 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 208,660 | 100% |
Mardan Tehsil | 187,180 | 94.27% | 5,941 | 2.99% | 5,174 | 2.61% | 266 | 0.13% | 0 | 0% | 198,561 | 100% |
Charsadda Tehsil | 173,970 | 97.81% | 2,145 | 1.21% | 1,653 | 0.93% | 92 | 0.05% | 0 | 0% | 177,860 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil | 143,559 | 83.94% | 25,982 | 15.19% | 894 | 0.52% | 584 | 0.34% | 0 | 0% | 171,019 | 100% |
Haripur Tehsil | 160,630 | 94.64% | 7,016 | 4.13% | 2,019 | 1.19% | 70 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 169,735 | 100% |
Bannu Tehsil | 138,152 | 85.34% | 17,789 | 10.99% | 4,979 | 3.08% | 962 | 0.59% | 0 | 0% | 161,882 | 100% |
Nowshera Tehsil | 142,962 | 89.05% | 9,271 | 5.77% | 4,678 | 2.91% | 3,599 | 2.24% | 32[o] | 0.02% | 160,542 | 100% |
Swabi Tehsil | 153,929 | 97.17% | 1,426 | 0.9% | 3,030 | 1.91% | 26 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 158,411 | 100% |
Marwat Tehsil | 99,522 | 91.79% | 8,392 | 7.74% | 503 | 0.46% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 108,419 | 100% |
Teri Tehsil | 100,179 | 97.25% | 2,788 | 2.71% | 27 | 0.03% | 17 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 103,011 | 100% |
Kohat Tehsil | 77,408 | 87.65% | 7,615 | 8.62% | 2,184 | 2.47% | 1,103 | 1.25% | 0 | 0% | 88,310 | 100% |
Kulachi Tehsil | 46,709 | 90.08% | 4,731 | 9.12% | 410 | 0.79% | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 51,851 | 100% |
Tank Tehsil | 45,439 | 88.76% | 5,109 | 9.98% | 574 | 1.12% | 72 | 0.14% | 0 | 0% | 51,194 | 100% |
Hangu Tehsil | 40,858 | 90.89% | 2,990 | 6.65% | 1,038 | 2.31% | 66 | 0.15% | 0 | 0% | 44,952 | 100% |
Amb Tehsil | 30,742 | 98.22% | 509 | 1.63% | 45 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 31,299 | 100% |
Phulra Tehsil | 6,594 | 99.25% | 49 | 0.74% | 1 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 6,644 | 100% |
Total | 2,227,303 | 91.84% | 142,977 | 5.9% | 42,510 | 1.75% | 12,213 | 0.5% | 73[i] | 0% | 2,425,076 | 100% |
Tehsil | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Others | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar Tehsil
|
225,897 | 85.82% | 25,414 | 9.65% | 8,223 | 3.12% | 3,671 | 1.39% | 23[j] | 0.01% | 263,228 | 100% |
Abbottabad Tehsil | 214,720 | 92.54% | 13,580 | 5.85% | 3,344 | 1.44% | 390 | 0.17% | 0 | 0% | 232,034 | 100% |
Mansehra Tehsil | 195,812 | 97.48% | 4,592 | 2.29% | 468 | 0.23% | 7 | 0.003% | 0 | 0% | 200,879 | 100% |
Mardan Tehsil | 161,726 | 94.22% | 6,846 | 3.99% | 2,874 | 1.67% | 196 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 171,642 | 100% |
Charsadda Tehsil | 161,406 | 98.16% | 2,183 | 1.33% | 787 | 0.48% | 62 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 164,438 | 100% |
Haripur Tehsil | 153,645 | 94.85% | 7,362 | 4.54% | 968 | 0.6% | 6 | 0.004% | 0 | 0% | 161,981 | 100% |
Swabi Tehsil | 155,116 | 97.41% | 3,063 | 1.92% | 1,062 | 0.67% | 1 | 0.001% | 0 | 0% | 159,242 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil | 129,919 | 83.27% | 24,685 | 15.82% | 884 | 0.57% | 529 | 0.34% | 0 | 0% | 156,017 | 100% |
Nowshera Tehsil | 132,077 | 88.75% | 10,638 | 7.15% | 2,380 | 1.6% | 3,722 | 2.5% | 0 | 0% | 148,817 | 100% |
Bannu Tehsil | 123,384 | 86.56% | 16,130 | 11.32% | 2,777 | 1.95% | 244 | 0.17% | 0 | 0% | 142,535 | 100% |
Marwat Tehsil | 96,311 | 92.43% | 7,379 | 7.08% | 509 | 0.49% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 104,199 | 100% |
Teri Tehsil | 89,924 | 97.49% | 2,239 | 2.43% | 45 | 0.05% | 29 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 92,237 | 100% |
Kohat Tehsil | 67,535 | 87.51% | 6,415 | 8.31% | 2,195 | 2.84% | 1,026 | 1.33% | 0 | 0% | 77,171 | 100% |
Tank Tehsil | 47,895 | 80.31% | 10,224 | 17.14% | 811 | 1.36% | 707 | 1.19% | 0 | 0% | 59,637 | 100% |
Kulachi Tehsil | 40,501 | 89.78% | 4,402 | 9.76% | 209 | 0.46% | 1 | 0.002% | 0 | 0% | 45,113 | 100% |
Hangu Tehsil | 40,037 | 89.54% | 4,225 | 9.45% | 434 | 0.97% | 19 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 44,715 | 100% |
Amb Tehsil | 21,244 | 97.66% | 440 | 2.02% | 70 | 0.32% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 21,754 | 100% |
Phulra Tehsil | 5,637 | 98.88% | 64 | 1.12% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 5,701 | 100% |
Total | 2,062,786 | 91.62% | 149,881 | 6.66% | 28,040 | 1.25% | 10,610 | 0.47% | 23[j] | 0% | 2,251,340 | 100% |
Cities
City/Urban Area | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity [k] | Others[l] | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar[p] | 122,972 | 70.91% | 31,630 | 18.24% | 14,245 | 8.21% | 2,586[k] | 1.49% | 1,987[l] | 1.15% | 173,420 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan[p] | 26,424 | 51.5% | 22,815 | 44.47% | 1,412 | 2.75% | 195[k] | 0.38% | 460[l] | 0.9% | 51,306 | 100% |
Kohat[p] | 32,111 | 71.39% | 8,250 | 18.34% | 3,562 | 7.92% | 445[k] | 0.99% | 609[l] | 1.35% | 44,977 | 100% |
Nowshera[q] | 28,132 | 63.9% | 9,831 | 22.33% | 4,253 | 9.66% | 412[k] | 0.94% | 1,394[l] | 3.17% | 44,022 | 100% |
Mardan[p] | 30,301 | 71.31% | 5,851 | 13.77% | 6,014 | 14.15% | 282[k] | 0.66% | 46[l] | 0.11% | 42,494 | 100% |
Bannu[p] | 10,696 | 27.78% | 22,175 | 57.59% | 4,894 | 12.71% | 467[k] | 1.21% | 232[l] | 0.6% | 38,504 | 100% |
Abbottabad[p] | 12,192 | 44.46% | 11,886 | 43.34% | 2,680 | 9.77% | 298[k] | 1.09% | 368[l] | 1.34% | 27,424 | 100% |
Charsadda | 15,747 | 93.48% | 745 | 4.42% | 294 | 1.75% | 54[k] | 0.32% | 5[l] | 0.03% | 16,845 | 100% |
Parang | 13,494 | 99.99% | 2 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 13,496 | 100% |
Tangi | 12,456 | 96.51% | 444 | 3.44% | 2 | 0.02% | 4[k] | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 12,906 | 100% |
Mansehra | 8,141 | 79.68% | 1,699 | 16.63% | 375 | 3.67% | 2[k] | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 10,217 | 100% |
Lakki[r] | 5,883 | 58.01% | 3,710 | 36.58% | 548 | 5.4% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10,141 | 100% |
Utmanzai | 9,768 | 96.44% | 182 | 1.8% | 171 | 1.69% | 8[k] | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 10,129 | 100% |
Haripur | 5,174 | 55.5% | 3,113 | 33.39% | 1,035 | 11.1% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 9,322 | 100% |
Tank[r] | 5,531 | 60.85% | 3,296 | 36.26% | 181 | 1.99% | 66[k] | 0.73% | 15[l] | 0.17% | 9,089 | 100% |
Risalpur | 3,506 | 38.93% | 3,937 | 43.71% | 1,024 | 11.37% | 333[k] | 3.7% | 207[l] | 2.3% | 9,007 | 100% |
Kulachi[r] | 6,610 | 74.77% | 2,092 | 23.67% | 138 | 1.56% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 8,840 | 100% |
Baffa[r] | 7,166 | 89.71% | 735 | 9.2% | 81 | 1.01% | 6[k] | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 7,988 | 100% |
Nawan Shehr[r] | 5,075 | 79.12% | 1,030 | 16.06% | 309 | 4.82% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 6,414 | 100% |
Kot Najibullah | 4,228 | 79.55% | 929 | 17.48% | 156 | 2.94% | 2[k] | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 5,315 | 100% |
Cherat | 270 | 80.12% | 30 | 8.9% | 25 | 7.42% | 0 | 0% | 12[l] | 3.56% | 337 | 100% |
Total Urban Population |
365,877 | 66.26% | 134,382 | 24.34% | 41,399 | 7.5% | 5,160[k] | 0.93% | 5,335[l] | 0.97% | 552,193 | 100% |
City/Urban Area | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Others | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar[p] | 86,369 | 70.87% | 21,973 | 18.03% | 8,630 | 7.08% | 4,854 | 3.98% | 40[m] | 0.03% | 121,866 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan[p] | 22,321 | 55.34% | 16,761 | 41.56% | 708 | 1.76% | 541 | 1.34% | 0 | 0% | 40,331 | 100% |
Kohat[p] | 24,388 | 71% | 6,709 | 19.53% | 2,152 | 6.26% | 1,101 | 3.21% | 0 | 0% | 34,350 | 100% |
Bannu[p] | 10,607 | 34.73% | 15,036 | 49.24% | 3,947 | 12.92% | 949 | 3.11% | 0 | 0% | 30,539 | 100% |
Nowshera[q] | 19,662 | 67.88% | 4,675 | 16.14% | 3,042 | 10.5% | 1,560 | 5.39% | 27[s] | 0.09% | 28,966 | 100% |
Mardan[p] | 19,579 | 74.5% | 3,605 | 13.72% | 2,927 | 11.14% | 168 | 0.64% | 0 | 0% | 26,279 | 100% |
Abbottabad[p] | 7,026 | 43.46% | 7,753 | 47.96% | 1,039 | 6.43% | 346 | 2.14% | 1[n] | 0.01% | 16,165 | 100% |
Charsadda | 10,703 | 92.77% | 519 | 4.5% | 287 | 2.49% | 28 | 0.24% | 0 | 0% | 11,537 | 100% |
Parang | 10,211 | 99.84% | 16 | 0.16% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10,227 | 100% |
Tangi | 8,320 | 95.75% | 362 | 4.17% | 7 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 8,689 | 100% |
Kulachi[r] | 6,115 | 72.58% | 2,182 | 25.9% | 128 | 1.52% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 8,425 | 100% |
Risalpur | 3,170 | 39.55% | 2,900 | 36.18% | 314 | 3.92% | 1,629 | 20.32% | 3[t] | 0.04% | 8,016 | 100% |
Lakki[r] | 4,630 | 60.11% | 2,805 | 36.41% | 268 | 3.48% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 7,703 | 100% |
Haripur | 4,253 | 55.57% | 2,693 | 35.19% | 696 | 9.09% | 11 | 0.14% | 0 | 0% | 7,653 | 100% |
Baffa[r] | 6,409 | 88.31% | 762 | 10.5% | 86 | 1.19% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 7,257 | 100% |
Tank[r] | 3,929 | 61.19% | 2,244 | 34.95% | 240 | 3.74% | 8 | 0.12% | 0 | 0% | 6,421 | 100% |
Mansehra | 4,217 | 72.96% | 1,091 | 18.88% | 469 | 8.11% | 3 | 0.05% | 0 | 0% | 5,780 | 100% |
Nawan Shehr[r] | 3,884 | 75.71% | 883 | 17.21% | 363 | 7.08% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 5,130 | 100% |
Cherat | 396 | 46.98% | 158 | 18.74% | 74 | 8.78% | 213 | 25.27% | 2[u] | 0.24% | 843 | 100% |
Total Urban Population |
256,189 | 66.34% | 93,127 | 24.12% | 25,377 | 6.57% | 11,411 | 2.95% | 73[i] | 0.02% | 386,177 | 100% |
City/Urban Area | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Others[c] | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Peshawar[p] | 73,882 | 70.73% | 20,981 | 20.09% | 6,152 | 5.89% | 3,414 | 3.27% | 23[j] | 0.02% | 104,452 | 100% |
Dera Ismail Khan[p] | 21,056 | 53.52% | 17,077 | 43.41% | 724 | 1.84% | 484 | 1.23% | 0 | 0% | 39,341 | 100% |
Kohat[p] | 18,898 | 67.85% | 5,796 | 20.81% | 2,139 | 7.68% | 1,020 | 3.66% | 0 | 0% | 27,853 | 100% |
Nowshera[q] | 18,335 | 66.09% | 6,192 | 22.32% | 1,319 | 4.75% | 1,896 | 6.83% | 0 | 0% | 27,742 | 100% |
Bannu[p] | 6,376 | 28.64% | 13,222 | 59.4% | 2,421 | 10.88% | 242 | 1.09% | 0 | 0% | 22,261 | 100% |
Abbottabad[p] | 5,007 | 36.76% | 7,346 | 53.94% | 879 | 6.45% | 388 | 2.85% | 0 | 0% | 13,620 | 100% |
Mardan[q] | 5,890 | 53.89% | 3,220 | 29.46% | 1,679 | 15.36% | 141 | 1.29% | 0 | 0% | 10,930 | 100% |
Tank[q] | 6,043 | 55.72% | 4,197 | 38.7% | 344 | 3.17% | 262 | 2.42% | 0 | 0% | 10,846 | 100% |
Charsadda | 9,710 | 94.9% | 484 | 4.73% | 30 | 0.29% | 8 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 10,232 | 100% |
Parang | 9,869 | 99.83% | 16 | 0.16% | 1 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 9,886 | 100% |
Tangi | 9,528 | 96.8% | 314 | 3.19% | 1 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 9,843 | 100% |
Risalpur | 2,721 | 32.02% | 3,369 | 39.64% | 601 | 7.07% | 1,808 | 21.27% | 0 | 0% | 8,499 | 100% |
Kulachi | 5,649 | 71.55% | 2,162 | 27.38% | 84 | 1.06% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 7,895 | 100% |
Baffa | 6,703 | 88.16% | 861 | 11.32% | 39 | 0.51% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 7,603 | 100% |
Lakki | 4,463 | 59.7% | 2,543 | 34.02% | 470 | 6.29% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 7,476 | 100% |
Jamrud | 1,507 | 24.59% | 3,114 | 50.82% | 1,254 | 20.46% | 253 | 4.13% | 0 | 0% | 6,128 | 100% |
Haripur | 2,907 | 49.36% | 2,636 | 44.76% | 346 | 5.88% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 5,889 | 100% |
Nawan Shehr | 3,794 | 74.51% | 1,052 | 20.66% | 246 | 4.83% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 5,092 | 100% |
Cherat | 173 | 66.28% | 80 | 30.65% | 8 | 3.07% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 261 | 100% |
Total Urban Population |
212,511 | 63.28% | 94,662 | 28.19% | 18,737 | 5.58% | 9,916 | 2.95% | 23[j] | 0.01% | 335,849 | 100% |
Castes and tribes
Caste or Tribe |
1931[11]: 377–383 | 1941[12]: 26 [v] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Pathan | 905,122 | 37.32% | 795,400 | 26.18% |
Awan | 280,995 | 11.59% | 178,896 | 5.89% |
Gujar | 121,170 | 5% | 114,746 | 3.78% |
Tanoli | 86,003 | 3.55% | 113,850 | 3.75% |
Sayyid | 81,972 | 3.38% | 71,271 | 2.35% |
Jat | 73,919 | 3.05% | 43,041 | 1.42% |
Arora | 60,283 | 2.49% | 17,817 | 0.59% |
Swathi
|
46,556 | 1.92% | 37,245 | 1.23% |
Tarkhan | 45,088 | 1.86% | — | — |
Julaha | 40,055 | 1.65% | — | — |
Dhund | 39,322 | 1.62% | — | — |
Baluch | 37,145 | 1.53% | — | — |
Khatri | 33,804 | 1.39% | 13,946 | 0.46% |
Lohar | 28,968 | 1.19% | — | — |
Baghban | 28,422 | 1.17% | — | — |
Qureshi | 27,211 | 1.12% | — | — |
Karlal | 27,185 | 1.12% | — | — |
Mochi | 26,628 | 1.1% | — | — |
Kumhar | 23,109 | 0.95% | — | — |
Kashmiri | 21,704 | 0.89% | — | — |
Nai | 17,178 | 0.71% | — | — |
Brahman | 16,379 | 0.68% | 13,478 | 0.44% |
Mughal | 16,047 | 0.66% | — | — |
Rajput | 14,681 | 0.61% | — | — |
Sheikh
|
13,046 | 0.54% | — | — |
Dhobi | 11,699 | 0.48% | — | — |
Qassab | 11,534 | 0.48% | — | — |
Mirasi | 10,869 | 0.45% | — | — |
Sarara | 9,984 | 0.41% | — | — |
Sonar
|
9,532 | 0.39% | — | — |
Chuhra | 8,444 | 0.35% | 3,838 | 0.13% |
Paracha &
Banjara |
8,259 | 0.34% | — | — |
Teli | 7,174 | 0.3% | — | — |
Gakhar | 7,098 | 0.29% | — | — |
Maliar | 6,622 | 0.27% | — | — |
Mallah | 6,578 | 0.27% | — | — |
Bhatia | 6,522 | 0.27% | — | — |
Arain | 6,480 | 0.27% | — | — |
Mashwani | 6,084 | 0.25% | — | — |
Rangrez | 5,703 | 0.24% | — | — |
Turk | 5,277 | 0.22% | — | — |
Bhatiara | 4,998 | 0.21% | — | — |
Khoja | 4,986 | 0.21% | — | — |
Gurkha | 4,565 | 0.19% | — | — |
Machhi | 4,130 | 0.17% | — | — |
Chamar | 2,901 | 0.12% | 12,990 | 0.43% |
Penjara | 2,573 | 0.11% | — | — |
Darzi | 2,177 | 0.09% | — | — |
Jhinwar | 1,108 | 0.05% | — | — |
Others or Not Stated |
157,787 | 6.51% | 1,621,549 | 53.37% |
Total | 2,425,076 | 100% | 3,038,067 | 100% |
See also
- Frontier Regions
- Federally Administered Tribal Areas
- Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
Notes
- ^ .
- ^ a b Included 71 Jews, 25 Buddhists, 24 Parsis (Zoroastrians), and 1 Jain.
- ^ a b c d Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
- Buddhists
- Buddhists
- Jew.
- Buddhists
- Parsi (Zoroastrian)
- ^ a b c d Included 60 Parsis (Zoroastrians), 11 Jews, and 2 Buddhists.
- ^ a b c d e f g Included 20 Parsis (Zoroastrians) and 3 Jains.
- ^ British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.
- ^ , others, or not stated
- ^ a b Including 27 Parsis (Zoroastrians), 11 Jews, and 2 Buddhists.
- ^ a b Including 1 Parsi (Zoroastrian)
- ^ Including 32 Parsis (Zoroastrians).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Includes total Municipality and Cantonment population.
- ^ Notified areapopulation.
- ^ Notified areapopulation.
- ^ Including 27 Parsis (Zoroastrians)
- ^ Including 3 Parsis (Zoroastrians).
- ^ Including 2 Parsis (Zoroastrians).
- ^ During the 1941 census, many traditional census datasets including caste/tribe enumeration were not extensive due to World War II.
References
- ^ Area with Native States in 1901. Province area excluding Native States was 34 169 km2 (13 193 sq mi).
- ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908, p. 46.
- ISBN 978-969-415-084-0.
- ^ "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | province, Pakistan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ISBN 9780786724819. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ^ "Was Jinnah democratic? – II". Daily Times. 25 December 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
- ^ a b Ben Cahoon, WorldStatesmen.org. "Pakistan Provinces". Retrieved 3 October 2007.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25394102. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25430163. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25793233. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.28215543. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
References
- The Imperial Gazetteer of India (26 vol, 1908–31), a highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. online edition
External links