North Ossetia–Alania

Coordinates: 43°11′N 44°14′E / 43.183°N 44.233°E / 43.183; 44.233
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
Республика Северная Осетия — Алания
Other transcription(s)
 • OsseticРеспубликӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон/Иристон — Алани
2021 Census)[8]
 • Total687,357
Websitewww.rso-a.ru

North Ossetia (

city of Vladikavkaz, located on the foothills of the Caucasus
Mountains.

Forming 68.1% of the republic’s population as of 2021, the

Uatsdin (Уацдин, "True Faith"), and a sizable Muslim minority exists.[16] Ethnic Russians and Ingush, who form a majority in neighboring Ingushetia, form substantial minorities in the republic.[14]

The

Mongols in the 13th century. From 1774 to 1806, Ossetia was slowly incorporated into the Russian Empire, which would split the region into a northern part included in the Terek Oblast, and a southern one included in the Tiflis and Kutaisi governorates. This partition would persist in the Soviet period, where North Ossetia was made into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian SFSR, while South Ossetia became an autonomous oblast within the Georgian SSR.[17]

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the republic experienced internal conflict like in much of the North Caucasus. In 1992, a brief ethnic war between Ossetians and the predominantly Muslim Ingush population in the Prigorodny District took place. The republic has experienced spillover from the Chechen conflict, most notably in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege.[18] Proposals for Russia to annex South Ossetia in order to incorporate the two as one entity exist to this day.

Ossetian cuisine is distinguished as an integral aspect of Ossetian culture. Ossetian-style pies such as Fydzhin (a meat pie) are a quintessential component of Ossetian cuisine. The "three pies" concept holds special symbolic significance, and representing the Sun, Earth, and water.[19]

Name

In the last years of the Soviet Union, as nationalist movements swept throughout the Caucasus, many intellectuals in the North Ossetian ASSR called for the revival of the name of Alania, a medieval kingdom of the Alans.

The term "Alania" quickly became popular in Ossetian daily life through the names of various enterprises, TV channels, political and civic organizations, publishing house, football team, etc. In November 1994, the name "Alania" was officially added to the republic’s title (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania).[20]

Geography

The republic is located in the North Caucasus. The northern part of the republic is situated in the Stavropol Plain. 22% of the republic’s territory is covered by forests.

Rivers

All of the republic’s rivers belong to the

Terek River
. Major rivers include:

  • Terek River
    (~600 km)
  • Urukh River
    (104 km)
  • Ardon River
    (101 km)
  • Kambileyevka River
    (99 km)
  • Gizeldon River
    (81 km)
  • Fiagdon River
  • Sunzha River
    (278 km)

Mountains

Mount Kazbek

All of the mountains located on the territory of the republic are a part of the Caucasus.

Mount Jimara
being the second-highest (4,780 m).

Natural resources

Natural resources include minerals (

hydroelectric power, and untapped reserves of oil and gas
.

Climate

The climate is moderately continental.

  • Average January temperature: −5 °C (23 °F)
  • Average July temperature: +24 °C (75 °F)
  • Average annual precipitation: 400–700 millimeters (16–28 in) in the plains; over 1,000 millimeters (39 in) in the mountains.

History

Caucasus region in 1060
Ossetian tribes (both North and South) according to B. A. Kaloyev.[21]

Early history: Kingdom of Alania and Middle Ages

The territory of North Ossetia was first inhabited by Caucasian tribes. Some

Byzantium
.

Alania greatly profited from the Silk Road which passed through its territory.

After the

Kabardians
.

Russian imperial rule (1806–1917)

Conflicts between the

Imperial Russia in the 18th century. Soon, Russia established a military base in the capital, Vladikavkaz
, making it the first Russian-controlled area in the northern Caucasus. By 1806, Ossetia was under complete Russian control.

The Russians’ rule led to rapid development of industry and railways which overcame its isolation. The first books from the area came during the late 18th century, and became part of the Terskaya Region of Russia in the mid-19th century.

Soviet period (1917–1990)

Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in North Ossetia being merged into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921. It then became the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on 7 July 1924, then merged into the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 5 December 1936. In World War II, it was subject to a number of attacks by Nazi German invaders unsuccessfully trying to seize Vladikavkaz
in 1942.

The North Ossetian ASSR declared itself the autonomous republic of the Soviet Union on 20 June 1990. Its name was changed to the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania in 1994.

Russian Federation period (1990–present)

The dissolution of the Soviet Union posed particular problems for the Ossetian people, who were divided between North Ossetia, which was part of the Russian SFSR, and South Ossetia, part of the Georgian SSR. In December 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR abolished the autonomous Ossetian enclave amid the rising ethnic tensions in the region, which was further fanned by Moscow; a lot of the conflict zone population, faced with the ethnic cleansing, was forced to flee across the border to either North Ossetia or Georgia proper.

As a result, some 70,000 South Ossetian refugees were resettled in North Ossetia. Additionally, North Ossetia provoked the predominantly Ingush population in the

Ossetian–Ingush conflict. The results of the conflict were that 7,000 Ossetians and 64,000 Ingush refugees had to flee their homes.[22] On 23 March 1995, North Ossetia–Alania signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.[23] However, this agreement was abolished on 2 September 2002.[24]

Following the de facto independence of South Ossetia, there have been proposals in this state of joining Russia and uniting with North Ossetia. As well as dealing with the effects of the conflict in South Ossetia, North Ossetia has had to deal with refugees and the occasional spillover of fighting from the wars around them. This notably manifested in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege by Chechen terrorists.[18]

Administrative divisions

Modern map of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Economy

In recent years, North Ossetia–Alania’s economic development has been successful; the indicators of the republic’s social and economic development between 2005 and 2007 revealed a stable growth of all sectors of the economy and major social parameters. The nature and climatic conditions of the republic contribute to the successful development of various economic sectors, which is compounded by the abundance of natural resources.

Gross regional product pro capita of the region in 2006 was 61,000 rubles ($2,596) and increased 30% in the 2005–2007 time period.[25] GRP pro capita in 2007 was 76,455 rubles.[26] From 2005 to 2007, the average monthly wage in North Ossetia–Alania doubled, with the actual cash earnings increased by 42.5 percent. In terms of the average monthly wage growth, the Republic ranks first in the North Caucasus.[25]

The regional government’s economic priorities include industrial growth, development of small enterprise, spas, and resorts, and strengthening the budgetary and tax discipline.[27]

The largest companies in the region include Elektrozinc, Sevkavkazenergo,

Pobedit (tungsten and molybdenum producer).[28]

River Fiagdon

Natural resources, agriculture, and industry

Urukh River Valley

The most widespread resources are zinc- and lead-containing complex ores. There are deposits of limestone, dolomites, marble, and touchstone. There is also a large availability of construction materials, such as clay, sand, and gravel. The local oil deposit reserves are estimated at 10 million metric tons.[25]

The agricultural sector is varied and specializes in the cultivation of wheat, corn, and sunflowers; horticulture; viticulture; and cattle and sheep breeding.[29][30]

North Ossetia’s industry is mainly concentrated in Vladikavkaz. Major companies located here include Elektrotsink, Gazoapparat, an instrument-making plant, Elektrokontraktor, a factory producing automotive electrical equipment, a large-panel construction complex, and companies in the food industry. The Sadonsky industrial center has grown around the mining and forest industries.[30]

Tourism

Cableway in Tsey canyon.
Kurtat valley
M. Tuganov Art Museum in Vladikavkaz

Despite the proximity to Chechnya, North Ossetia is making efforts to develop its tourist industry.

Alania National Park
, the North Ossetia National Preserve, and game preserves.

There are more than 250 therapeutic, mineral, and freshwater springs in the republic with estimated daily reserves of 15,000 cubic meters. Besides providing the basis for health spas, these mineral waters also have the potential to be bottled and sold. North Ossetian mineral waters are known for their unique qualities, as well as special mineral composition.[30][31]

Infrastructure

In terms of its infrastructure, North Ossetia–Alania ranks second in the Southern Federal District and 10th in the nation.[25] The republic has some of the most extensive telecommunication networks in the North Caucasus region and in Russia. It ranks first in terms of its telecom network installations in the Southern Federal District.

The republic ranks fourth in Russia in terms of its paved roads, and its expanding transport and logistics complex provides communication networks between Russia and the South Caucasus, as well as Central Asia. The complex includes two federal highways (

Transcaucasia) running across the Greater Caucasus Range, two customs checkpoints for cars, a developed railway network, Vladikavkaz international airport, and well-equipped transport terminals.[25]

Demographics

Population: 687,357 (

1989 Census).[34]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1926226,033—    
1959450,581+99.3%
1970552,581+22.6%
1979596,921+8.0%
1989634,009+6.2%
2002710,275+12.0%
2010712,980+0.4%
2021687,357−3.6%
Source: Census data

Number of refugees: 12,570[35]

Life expectancy:[36][37]

2019 2021
Average: 75.8 years 72.5 years
Male: 70.5 years 68.1 years
Female: 80.6 years 76.5 years
  • Life expectancy at birth in North Ossetia [36][37]
    Life expectancy at birth in North Ossetia [36][37]
  • Life expectancy with calculated differences
    Life expectancy with calculated differences
  • Life expectancy in North Ossetia in comparison with neighboring regions of the country
    Life expectancy in North Ossetia in comparison with neighboring regions of the country

Settlements

 
 
Largest cities or towns in North Ossetia–Alania
2023 Estimation of Rosstat
Rank Administrative Division Pop.
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz
Mozdok
Mozdok
1 Vladikavkaz City of republic significance of Vladikavkaz 292,886
2 Mozdok Mozdoksky District 35,662
3 Beslan Pravoberezhny District 36,011
4 Alagir Alagirsky District 21,315
5
Ardon
Ardonsky District 18,915
6 Elkhotovo Kirovsky District 12,690
7 Sunzha Prigorodny District 11,068
8 Nogir Prigorodny District 11,947
9 Digora Digorsky District 9,994
10 Kizlyar Mozdoksky District 10,970

Vital statistics

[38]

[39]

Average population (per 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rates
1970 554 9,731 3,964 5,767 17.6 7.2 10.4
1975 575 10,368 4,664 5,704 18.0 8.1 9.9
1980 598 10,135 5,821 4,314 16.9 9.7 7.2
1985 617 11,598 6,047 5,551 18.8 9.8 9.0
1990 649 10,967 6,166 4,801 16.9 9.5 7.4 2.23
1991 679 10,985 6,694 4,291 16.2 9.9 6.3 2.09
1992 683 10,048 7,125 2,923 14.7 10.4 4.3 1.89
1993 661 8,251 7,872 379 12.5 11.9 0.6 1.67
1994 666 8,806 8,329 477 13.2 12.5 0.7 1.79
1995 674 8,781 8,574 207 13.0 12.7 0.3 1.78
1996 680 8,043 8,514 −471 11.8 12.5 −0.7 1.62
1997 681 7,758 8,378 −620 11.4 12.3 −0.9 1.56
1998 683 7,767 8,188 −421 11.4 12.0 −0.6 1.56
1999 689 7,195 8,412 −1,217 10.4 12.2 −1.8 1.43
2000 699 7,179 8,626 −1,447 10.3 12.3 −2.0 1.39
2001 707 7,317 8,205 −888 10.3 11.6 −1.3 1.39
2002 709 7,874 8,753 −879 11.1 12.3 −1.2 1.47
2003 709 7,978 8,952 −974 11.3 12.6 −1.4 1.48
2004 707 7,893 8,663 −770 11.2 12.2 −1.1 1.46
2005 706 7,894 8,654 −760 11.2 12.3 −1.1 1.46
2006 706 8,308 8,138 170 11.8 11.5 0.2 1.53
2007 706 9,556 7,806 1,750 13.5 11.1 2.5 1.76
2008 708 9,981 7,975 2,006 14.1 11.3 2.8 1.83
2009 710 10,017 7,987 2,030 14.1 11.3 2.9 1.84
2010 712 10,303 7,748 2,555 14.5 10.8 3.7 1.88
2011 715 10,375 7,720 2,655 14.5 10.8 3.7 1.88
2012 708 10,801 7,525 3,276 15.3 10.6 4.7 1.96
2013 705 10,760 7,394 3,366 15.3 10.5 4.8 1.98
2014 705 10,798 7,554 3,244 15.3 10.7 4.6 2.01
2015 704 10,341 7,558 2,783 14.6 10.7 3.9 1.93
2016 704 9,916 7,296 2,620 14.1 10.3 3.8 1.89
2017 702 8,992 7,151 1,841 12.8 10.2 2.6 1.75
2018 9,120 7,145 1,975 13.0 10.2 2.8 1.83
2019 8,589 7,220 1,369 12.3 10.3 2.0 1.75
2020 8,157 8,361 -204 11.7 12.0 -0.3 1.72
2021 8,091 9,784 -1,693 11.7 14.1 -2.4 1.71
2022 7,470 7,885 -415 10.9 11.5 -0.6 1.59
2023 7,187 6,767 420 10.6 9.9 0.7

Ethnic groups

The majority of the population of North Ossetia are Christians who belong to the

Ossetian
-speaking origin.

According to the

Georgians
(1.0%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 1% of the total population.

Ethnic
group
1926 Census1 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Census 2021 Census2
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Ossetians 141,723 49.6% 165,616 50.3% 215,463 47.8% 269,326 48.7% 299,022 50.5% 334,876 53.0% 445,310 62.7% 459,688 65.1% 439,949 68.1%
Russians 68,192 23.8% 122,614 37.2% 178,654 39.6% 202,367 36.6% 200,692 33.9% 189,159 29.9% 164,734 23.2% 147,090 20.8% 122,240 18.9%
Ingush 23,851 8.3% 6,106 1.9% 6,071 1.3% 18,387 3.3% 23,663 4.0% 32,783 5.2% 21,442 3.0% 28,336 4.0% 24,285 3.8%
Kumyks 3,153 1.1% 85 0.0% 3,921 0.9% 6,363 1.2% 7,610 1.3% 9,478 1.5% 12,659 1.8% 16,092 2.3% 18,054 2.8%
Armenians 9,185 3.2% 8,932 2.7% 12,012 2.7% 13,355 2.4% 12,912 2.2% 13,619 2.2% 17,147 2.4% 16,235 2.3% 11,668 1.8%
Georgians 6,057 2.1% 6,312 1.9% 8,160 1.8% 10,323 1.9% 11,347 1.9% 12,284 1.9% 10,803 1.5% 9,095 1.3% 6,756 1.0%
Ukrainians 19,101 6.7% 7,063 2.1% 9,362 2.1% 9,250 1.7% 10,574 1.8% 10,088 1.6% 5,198 0.7% 3,251 0.4% 925 0.1%
Others 14,690 5.1% 12,477 3.8% 16,938 3.8% 23,210 4.2% 26,182 4.4% 30,141 4.8% 32,982 4.6% 26,636 3.8% 22,418 3.5%
1 The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the North Ossetian AO, the city of Vladikavkaz and adjacent areas.[41]

2 41,062 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[42]

Languages

There are two official languages in North Ossetia:

East Iranian group. Ossetian is one of the few Iranic languages spoken natively in Europe. Russian, acting as a lingua franca in the region, is an East Slavic
language and as such also belongs to the Indo-European family, which means the two languages are related, albeit distantly.

Religion

Religion in North Ossetia–Alania as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[16][43]
Russian Orthodoxy
49.2%
Other Orthodox
2.4%
Protestantism
0.8%
Other Christians
9.8%
Islam
4%
Uatsdin
and other native faiths
29.4%
Spiritual but not religious
0.8%
Atheism and irreligion
3%
Other and undeclared
0.6%

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people,

Muslims constitute 4% of the population, and Protestants the 1%. In addition, 1% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" and 3% to be atheist.[16]

Education

North Ossetia State University

The most important facilities of higher education include

 – all in Vladikavkaz.

Politics

Seat of the Republic’s Government

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the republic was shared between three people; the first secretary of the North Ossetia Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Republic Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Republic administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is the fundamental law of the region. The

Parliament of North Ossetia–Alania is the republic’s regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Republic’s Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia
.

The head of government in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is the Head of the Republic. The current head of the republic is

Aleksandr Dzasokhov as head on 31 May 2005 following the Beslan school siege.[44]

Culture

There are six professional theaters in North Ossetia–Alania, as well as Ossetian State Philharmonia.

Gallery

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Russian: Республика Северная Осетия — Алания, romanizedRespublika Severnaya Osetiya — Alaniya, Russian pronunciation: [rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə ˈsʲevʲɪrnəjə ɐˈsʲetʲɪjə ɐˈlanʲɪjə]; Ossetian: Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон/Иристон — Алани, romanized: Respublikæ Cægat Iryston/Iriston — Alani, IPA: [resˈpublikə t͡səˈgät iɾɨˈʃton/iɾiʃton äˈläni] ; Ingush: Республика Гӏинбухера Хӏирийче — Аланойче, romanized: Republika Ghinbukhera Hiriyche — Alanoyche
  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Law #520A
  4. ^ Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Article 64
  5. ^ a b Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Article 7
  6. ^ Doroshenko, Ekaterina (9 April 2021). "Sergey Menyailo left the post of plenipotentiary representative of the President of Russia". Vesti Omsk (in Russian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  7. Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original
    on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  8. ^
    Federal State Statistics Service
    .
  9. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  10. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  11. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  12. ^ Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Article 15
  13. 1936 Soviet Constitution
  14. ^
    Federal State Statistics Service
    .
  15. .
  16. ^ a b c d "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  17. ^ "WHKMLA : History of Northern Ossetia". www.zum.de. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  18. ^ a b Chappell, Bill (13 April 2017). "'Serious Failings' By Russia In Deadly Beslan School Siege, European Court Says". NPR. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  19. ^ "The history of the origin of the Ossetian pie. Key travel destinations". boned.ru. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  20. ^ Shnirelman, Victor (2006). The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus. Acta Slavica Iaponica 23, pp. 37–49.
  21. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ISBN 1-56432-165-7. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help
    )
  23. ^ Solnick, Steven (29 May 1996). "Asymmetries in Russian Federation Bargaining" (PDF). The National Council for Soviet and East European Research: 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  24. ^ Chuman, Mizuki. "The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia" (PDF). Demokratizatsiya: 146. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2019.
  25. ^
    Moscow News. 18 September 2008. Archived from the original
    on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
  26. ^ Валовой региональный продукт на душу населения Федеральная служба государственной статистики
  27. ^ a b "Republic of North Ossetia–Alania: Introduction". Russia: All Regions Trade & Investment Guide. CTEC Publishing LLC. 2008. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
  28. ^ Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО. СБИС (in Russian). Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  29. ^ "North Ossetia–Alania". Microsoft Encarta. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  30. ^ a b c "Republic of North Ossetia". Kommersant. 11 March 2004. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  31. ^ a b "Republic of North Ossetia". Russia Profile. 25 August 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  32. Federal State Statistics Service
    .
  33. [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  34. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  35. ^ В 2008 году естественный прирост населения Северной Осетии составил более 2 тыс. человек – Новости России – ИА REGNUM. Regnum.ru (26 February 2009). Retrieved on 18 August 2012.
  36. ^ a b "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  37. ^ a b "Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении" [Life expectancy at birth]. Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  38. ^ "Russian Federal State Statistics Service". 27 May 2015. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015.
  39. ^ "Fed Stat". Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  40. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  41. ^ население северной осетии. Ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. Retrieved on 18 August 2012.
  42. ^ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше Archived 25 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Perepis-2010.ru (19 December 2011). Retrieved on 18 August 2012.
  43. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21 April 2017. Archived.
  44. ^ "Regional government to quit over Beslan tragedy: president". ABC News. 8 September 2004.

Sources

  • Парламент Республики Северная Осетия — Алания. Закон №520А от 24 ноября 1994 г. «О государственном гимне Республики Северная Осетия — Алания», в ред. Закона №44-РЗ от 31 июля 2006 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Северная Осетия — Алания "О государственном гимне Республики Северная Осетия — Алания"». Опубликован: Газета "Северная Осетия". (Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. Law #520A of 14 November 1994 On the State Anthem of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, as amended by the Law #44-RZ of 31 July 2006 On Amending the Law of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania "On the State Anthem of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania". ).
  • Верховный Совет Республики Северная Осетия. 12 ноября 1994 г. «Республика Северная Осетия-Алания. Конституция.», в ред. Конституционного Закона №5-РКЗ от 4 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Северная Осетия–Алания». Вступил в силу 7 декабря 1994 г. Опубликован: брошюрой "Конституция Республики Северная Осетия–Алания". (
    Supreme Council of the Republic of North Ossetia
    . November 12, 1994 Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. Constitution., as amended by the Constitutional Law #5-RKZ of December 4, 2013 On Amending the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. Effective as of December 7, 1994.).
  • .

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